Kentucky  Geological  Survey, 

CHARLES  J.  NORWOOD,  Director. 


BULLETIN  NO.  I. 


THE 

Oil  and  Gas  Sands  of  Kentucky. 


BY 

J.  B.  HOEING. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  SURVEY:  LEXINGTON,  KY. 


1903. 


Printed  by  the  Geo.  G.  Fetter  Company, 
Louisville. 


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View  of  Oil  Field  on  Richland  Creek,  Knox  County. 


» 


AZ2- 

CHARLES  J.  NORWOOD,  Director. 


BULLETIN  NO.  I. 

PRELIMINARY  PART. 


THE 


BY 

J.  B.  HOEING,  C.  E. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  SURVEY:  LEXINGTON. 


1904. 


Printed  by  the  Geo.  G.  Fetter  Company,  Louisville 
1905 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


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vr- 

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Letter  of  Transmittal 

Introductory  Letter  

Chapter  I.  Preliminary  discussion 

Ohio  Series  and  Principal  Sands,  9;  West  Virginia  Series 
and  Principal  Sands,  10;  Pennsylvania  Series  and  Principal 
Sands,  11;  Kentucky  Series  and  Principal  Sands,  12;  Kentucky 
Gas  and  Oil  Sands,  13. 

Chapter  II.  General  Geology  of  Oil  and  Gas 

Geological  conditions  necessary  for  the  accumulation  of  oil 
and  gas,  17;  Reservoir,  17;  Cover,  18;  Structure,  19;  Salt 
Water,  22;  Strike  Lines,  22;  Rock  Pressure,  23;  Oil  Pools  and 
Limit  of  Supply,  24. 

Chapter  III.  Principal  Divisions  of  the  Geological  Scale  in  Ken- 
tucky and  the  Oil  Sands  corresponding  to  each 

Conglomerate  Measures,  25;  Chester  (Mauch  Chunk)  Group, 
27;  St.  Louis  Limestone  Group,  28;  Waverly  Group,  31;  De- 
vonian Black  Shale,  33;  Devonian  (Corniferous)  Limestone, 
34;  Niagara,  37;  Clinton  Group,  38;  Hudson  Group.  39;  Trenton 
Group  (Trenton,  Birdseye,  Chazy,  Knox  Dolomite),  40;  Cal- 
ciferous,  44. 

Chapter  IV.  The  Oil  Sands  Corresponding  to  the  Different  Forma- 
tions   

The  Conglomerate  Series,  Beaver,  Horton,  Pike  and  Salt 
Sands;  Wages,  Jones  and  Epperson  Sands,  46;  The  Waverly 
Group,  47;  The  Big  Injun  Group,  47;  Cloverport  Gas  Sand,  48; 
Berea  Grit,  48;  Devonian,  50;  Black  Shale,  50;  Ragland  Sand, 
51;  Bath  County  Field,  51;  Estill  County  Field,  53;  Clinton, 
55;  Hudson  Group,  55;  Caney  Sand,  55;  Wayne  County  Sands, 
56;  Trenton,  58;  Cumberland  River  Sands,  58;  Calciferous,  58; 
White  Oak  Gas  Sand,  58. 

Chapter  V.  Well  Records 

Bath  County,  59;  Rowan  County,  62;  Menefee  County,  62; 
Montgomery  County,  65;  Clark  County,  66;  Powell  County, 
66;  Estill  County,  69;  Breathitt  County,  71;  Wolfe  County, 
71;  Magoffin  County,  72;  Morgan  County,  73;  Carter  County, 
74;  Cincinnati,  74;  Portsmouth,  75;  Ironton,  75;  Boyd  County, 
76;  Lawrence  County,  77;  Johnson  County,  79;  Martin  County, 
80;  Floyd  County,  84;  Pike  County,  94;  Knott  County,  97; 
Knox  County,  102;  Rockcastle  County,  106;  Pulaski  County, 


PAGE 

1 

5 

7 to  15 


16  to  24 


25  to  44 


45  to  58 


59  to  142 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

106;  Whitley  County,  107;  Wayne  County,  110;  Clinton 
County,  114;  Cumberland  County,  114;  Russell  County,  124; 

Barren  County,  126;  Warren  County,  131;  Logan  County,  134; 

Hart  County,  134;  Breckenridge  County,  136;  Tell  City,  138; 

Caldwell  County,  139;  Carroll  County,  139;  Oldham  County, 

140;  Harrison  County,  140;  Webster  County,  140;  Central 
City,  142. 

Chapter  VI.  Additional  Well  Records 143  to  203 

Bath  County,  143;  Menefee  County,  151;  Powell  County,  156; 

Estill  County,  158;  Morgan  County,  159;  Carter  County,  159; 

Floyd  County,  161;  Pike  County,  180;  Knox  County,  182; 


Whitley  County,  202. 

Chapter  VII.  Production  of  Oil  and  Gas 204 

Production  of  Oil,  204;  Production  of  Gas,  205. 

Chapter  VIII.  Transportation  of  Oil  and  Gas 206 

Transportation  of  Oil,  206;  Transportation  of  Gas,  207. 

Chapter  IX.  Maps 208 

Appendix.  Elevations  Above  Sea  of  Points  in  Kentucky 209 


MAPS. 

No.  1.  Map  of  Kentucky  showing  Producing  Oil  and  Gas  Fields,  Pipe 
Lines  and  Outlines  of  Eastern  and  Western  Coal  Fields. 

No.  2.  Map  of  Kentucky  showing  outcrops  of  and  areas  underlaid  by 
the  Berea  Grit  and  the  Big  Injun  Sands  and.  the  area  where  the 
Trenton  Rocks  are  at  the  surface. 

No.  3.  Map  of  Kentucky  showing  outcrop  and  extent  of  the  Corniferous 
Limestone. 


PLATES. 


No. 

1. 

Oil  Field  on  Big  Richland  Creek,  Knox  County. . 

Frontispiece 

No. 

2. 

Arch  of  Rough  Creek  Anticline,  Grayson  County. 

No. 

3. 

Devonian  Shale,  Corniferous  Limestone  and  Niagara 
Shale  

GG 

GG 

34 

No. 

4. 

Clinton,  near  Indian  Fields,  Clark  County 

GG 

GG 

38 

No. 

5. 

Big  Injun  Sand  in  Rockcastle  County 

GG 

GG 

46 

No. 

6. 

Principal  Ledge  in  Big  Injun,  Rockcastle  County. 

GG 

GG 

48 

No. 

7. 

Berea  in  Quarry  near  Farmer’s,  Rowan  County. . 

GG 

GG 

50 

No. 

8. 

Standard  Rig.  Well  at  Campton,  Wolfe  County. . 

“ 

GG 

70 

No. 

9. 

Transporting  Oil  in  Barges  down  the  Cumberland 
River  

GG 

GG 

206 

No. 

10. 

Train  of  Tank  Cars  loaded  with  Ragland  Oil  at 
Lick,  Bath  County 

Salt 

GG 

GG 

207 

Letter  of  Transmittal. 


To  His  Excellency , J.  C.  W.  Beckham, 

Governor  of  Kentucky . 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a preliminary  re- 
port  on  the  Oil  and  Gas  Sands  of  Kentucky,  by  Mr.  J.  B. 
Hoeing,  assistant  geologist. 

As  indicated  in  the  title,  the  report  is  a preliminary  part 
of  Bulletin  No.  1,  the  Act  governing  the  Survey  providing  that 
“in  cases  of  urgency  the  Director  may  issue  preliminary  parts 
of  a bulletin,  covering  the  special  work  so  far  as  it  has  pro- 
gressed, in  advance  of  the  completion  of  the  entire  bulletin.” 
The  insistent  calls  for  authentic  information  concerning  our 
stores  of  petroleum  and  gas,  and  the  pressing  need  of  a more 
intelligent  system  upon  which  to  base  development,  which  is 
so  keenly  felt  by  those  who  are  engaged  in  prospecting  the 
State,  certainly  present  a case  of  “urgency,”  and  I therefore 
respectfully  ask  that  the  report  be  published  as  expeditiously 
as  possible. 

It  will  be  observed  that  in  this. report  Mr.  Hoeing  has  pro- 
visionally retained  the  nomenclature  of  the  late  William  M. 
Linney,  a former  assistant  geologist  on  the  Kentucky  Survey, 
for  certain  geologic  formations,  such  as  Hudson,  Waverly,  etc., 
which  must  now  be  discarded.  The  “Hudson”  of  Linney,  for 
example,  must  be  replaced  by  “Cincinnatian,”  with  certain  of 
its  various  subdivisions.  The  names  used  by  Linney  have  been 
provisionally  retained  here  not  only  because  those  terms  are 
somewhat  familiar  to  oil  well  drillers  in  the  State,  but  because 
the  Survey  is  not  yet  ready  to  present  the  revised  nomenclature 
upon  which  work  is  now  in  progress.  In  the  final  bulletin  the 
revised  nomenclature  will  be  used,  correlated  with  the  Linney 
names. 


4 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Comparatively  little  concerning  the  oil  possibilities  of  that 
part  of  the  State  west  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  division 
of  the  Louisville  & Nashville  Railroad  is  given  in  this  report. 
This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  comparatively  little  has  been  done 
in  the  way  of  prospecting  that  part  of  the  State,  and  I have 
deemed  it  highly  important  that  publication  of  results  obtained 
in  the  study  of  those  regions  which  are  now  of  especial  interest 
to  investors  shall  not  be  delayed  until  the  study  of  the  western 
districts  can  be  completed.  Work  in  the  western  districts  has 
been  taken  up,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  Survey  will  be  able 
to  render  valuable  service  in  directing  prospecting  there. 
Hitherto,  prospectors  for  oil  in  the  western  counties  have,  as 
a rule,  been  content  to  stop  at  the  Devonian  Black  Shale;  but, 
as  appears  in  this  report,  that  formation  is  of  less  importance 
as  an  oil  horizon  than  any  other  one  we  have. 

Very  respectfully, 

Charles  J.  Norwood, 

State  Geologist. 

Lexington,  Ky.,  October  1,  1904. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


6 


INTRODUCTORY  LETTER. 


Professor  Charles  J.  Norwood, 

Director,  Kentucky  Geological  Survey. 

Dear  Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a preliminary 
report  on  the  Oil  and  Gas  Sands  of  Kentucky. 

Acknowledgments  are  due  the  many  operators  and  drillers 
in  the  State,  who  have  kindly  placed  the  records  of  their  work 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Survey,  thereby  rendering  this  report 
much  more  complete  than  otherwise  would  have  been  possible. 

Respectfully, 

J.  B.  Hoeing, 

Assistant  Geologist. 


Lexington,  Kv.,  October,  1904. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


7 


CHAPTER  I. 


PRELIMINARY  DISCUSSION. 


Work  in  the  oil  and  gas  fields  of  Kentucky  within  the  last 
three  years  has  been  progressing  at  a rapid  rate,  a large  amount 
of  capital  has  been  invested,  and  the  question  of  the  future 
development  of  these  and  the,  as  yet,  untested  fields  of  the 
State,  is  one  of  large  and  increasing  interest;  and,  when  the 
vastly  increased  demand  for  these  products  and  the  fact  that  the 
older  fields  in  some  of  the  other  States  are  rapidly  failing  in 
their  supply  are  considered,  is  one  of  great  importance  to  the 
State.  Unfortunately  for  all  concerned,  the  work  of  the  State 
Geological  Survey  was  discontinued  some  years  ago  by  the  fail- 
ure of  the  Legislature  to  appropriate  the  necessary  funds,  and 
since  that  time  nothing  has  been  done  by  the  State  to  help  de- 
velop her  mineral  resources.  The  result  has  been,  in  the  oil 
and  gas  developments  particularly,  that  a great  deal  of  val- 
uable information  has  been  lost,  that  most  of  the  work  done 
has  been  almost  entirely  on  the  “wildcat”  plan,  and  that  large 
amounts  of  money  have  been  wasted  in  drilling  wells  where 
there  was  no  possible  chance  for  oil  or  gas;  in  drilling  below 
all  probable  chances;  and  in  drilling  wells  and  stopping  short 
of  one  or  more  known  oil  sands.  It  is  a safe  assertion  that, 
with  the  work  of  the  S^ate  Survey  going  on  and  with  the  proper 
geological  advice,  the  greater  part  of  this  money  could  have 
been  saved  and  directed  into  channels  where  the  chances,  at 
least,  for  profitable  returns  would  have  been  much  greater. 
It  is  only  necessary  to  cite  the  result  of  such  geological  work 
in  the  neighboring  State  of  Ohio,  for  instance,  as  a proof  of 
this  assertion. 

In  issuing  this  preliminary  bulletin  it  is  recognized  that 
much  remains  to  be  learned  about  the  oil  and  gas  rocks  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  that,  as  data  are  collected  of  work  already  done 
and  future  work  is  carried  on,  much  that  is  now  in  doubt  will 


8 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


be  cleared  up  and  much  more  information  made  available  in 
regard  to  tbe  known  oil  horizons,  and  new  fields,  and  possibly 
new  sands,  developed.  In  view,  however,  of  the  facts  above 
stated,  it  is  deemed  advisable,  without  attempting  to  go  into 
the  detailed  description  of  the  geology  of  particular  fields,  to 
give  all  possible  information  in  regard  to  the  oil  sands  already 
known,  with  their  positions  in  the  geological  section,  and,  as 
fully  as  possible,  the  limits  within  which  they  occur  and  the 
approximate  depths  at  which  they  may  be  found  in  any  par- 
ticular section. 

There  has  been,  and  is  still,  great  confusion  in  the  minds  of 
many  drillers  and  operators  in  regard  to.  the  positions  in  the 
geological  section  of  our  Kentucky  oil  sands.  In  the  effort 
to  trace  and  correlate  the  familiar  Ohio,  West  Virginia  and 
Pennsylvania  sands  with  those  found  in  this  State  a great  deal 
of  unnecessary  work  has  been  done,  and  often  territory  con- 
demned because  it  proved  entirely  different  from  the  known 
fields  in  other  States.  Not  being  acquainted  with  our  geologi- 
cal section,  the  driller  from  Pennsylvania,  familiar  with  the 
oil  sands  there  and  the  formations  between  them,  and  expecting 
to  find  the  same  sands  here,  gets  “lost”  and  discouraged.  The 
“Gordon,”  “Gantz,”  “50-foot,”  etc.,  of  the  older  fields  are  con- 
fidently identified  in  some  sand  which  really  has  no  relation 
whatever  to  them,  and  the  resulting  confusion  leaves  the  whole 
field  in  doubt.  The  writer  has  frequently  heard  operators  and 
drillers  from  other  States,  after  identifying  some  Kentucky 
formation,  to  their  own  entire  satisfaction,  as  a “Bradford,” 
“Venango,”  or  some  other  sand  with  which  they  happen  to  be  fa- 
miliar elsewhere,  condemn  the  whole  field  as  “broken”  and 
unreliable  because  the  rest  of  the  section  proved  entirely  differ- 
ent from  what  it  should  have  been  had  their  identification  been 
correct. 

In  order  to  demonstrate  as  plainly  as  possible  the  connec- 
tion between  the  Kentucky  fields  and  those  of  Ohio,  West  Vir- 
ginia, and  Pennsylvania,  I have  prepared  the  following  geo- 
logical sections  for  those  States,  together  with  the  correspond- 
ing oil  sands  for  each.  For  data  in  regard  to  the  other  States 
I am  indebted  to  reports  by  Professor  Orton  and  Professor 
Bownocker,  of  the  Ohio  Survey,  and  Professor  White,  of  the 
West  Virginia  Survey. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


9 


Ohio  Series  and  Principal  Sands. 


System 

Series 

Sands 

Carboniferous. 

Coal  Measures. 

Goose  Run. 
Mitchell. 

First  Cow  Run. 
Macksburg,  500  foot. 
Second  Cow  Run. 

Pottsville  Conglomerate. 

Salt. 

Maxton. 

f 

1 

Maxville  Limestone. 
Mountain  Limestone. 

None. 

Sub- 

Carboniferous. 

>» 

Logan  Group. 

Keener. 
Big  Injun. 
Squaw. 

> 

vs 

> 

Cuyahoga. 

None. 

Berea. 

Berea  Grit. 

Bedford. 

None. 

Devonian  Shales. 

Ohio  Black  Shale. 

Devonian. 

Devonian  Limestones. 

( Corniferous,  Upper  Helderburg.) 

None. 

Lower  Helderburg. 

Lower  Helderburg. 

Upper 

Niagara. 

None. 

Silurian. 

Clinton. 

Clinton. 

Medina. 

None. 

Hudson. 

None. 

Lower  Silurian. 
(Ordovician) 

Utica. 

None. 

Trenton. 

Trenton. 

10 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


West  Virginia  Series  and  Principal  Sands. 


System 

No. 

Series 

Sands 

XV 

f Monongahela  River. 

1 Upper  Productive  C.  M. 

Carroll— Uniontown. 

TO 

3 

8 

XIV 

f Elk  River. 
i Lower  Barren  C.  M. 

Morgantown— Little  Dunkard. 
Mahoning — Dunkard — Cow  Run. 

i 

•fi 

XIII 

f Allegheny  River 
a Lower  Productive  C.  M. 
(.  Great  Kanawha  Series. 

Second  Cow  Run. 
Freeport  Gas  Sand. 

XII 

f Pottsville  Conglomerate. 
A New  River  Series 
(_  Pocahontas  Coal  Series. 

Gas  Sand. 

Salt  Sands. 

Maxton  (Cairo?)  Sand. 

1 Mauch  Chunk. 

w 

1 

XI 

fMountain  Lime. 
2A  Greenbrier  Lime. 
(.Big  Lime. 

None. 

‘5 

o 

-g 

Keener. 

«s 

o 

Big  Injun. 

.a 

3 

CQ 

X 

Pocono. 

Squaw. 

Smith’s  Ferry. 

Berea  Grit. 

First— Gan  tz — 100  Foot. 

50  Foot. 

Second— 30  Foot. 

Stray. 

C 

3 

IX 

Catskill. 

Gordon  Stray — Campbells  Run. 

1 

Third— Whetstone  Run  Gordon. 

0 

Q 

Fourth— Flat  Run  Gordon. 

Fifth — McDonald. 

S i xth— Bayard— El  izabeth. 

VIII 

Chemung  and  Hamilton. 

Practically  None. 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


11 


Pennsylvania  Series  and  Principal  Sands. 


System 

No. 

Series 

Sands 

( Monongahela  River. 

XV 

■s  Upper  Productive  C.  M. 
1.  (Pittsburg’  Coal  at  Base) 

None. 

XIV 

f Elk  River  Series. 

“Hurry  Up”  Sand. 

W 

3 

o 

( Lower  Barren  C.  M. 

Mahoning — Dunkard. 

J3 

«H 

( Allegheny  River  Series. 

o 

XIII 

i 

Lower  Freeport — 2d  Cow  Run. 

1 

( Lower  Productive  C.  M. 

O 

Tionesta  or  Johnson  Run. 

Upper  Salt  Sand. 

XII 

Pottsville  Conglomerate. 

Middle  Salt  Sand. 

Lower  ( Maxon  ? ) Salt  Sand. 

1 Mauch  Chunk. 

i 

XI 

(Mountain  Lime. 

None. 

s 

2 s Greenbrier  Lime. 

«H 

'a 

(Big  Lime  of  Drillers. 

M 

cS 

Q 

Keener. 

£ 

3 

X 

Pocono. 

Big  Injun. 

W 

Squaw. 

Upper  Gas  Sand. 

Butler  Co.  Gas  Sand. 

First — Gantz — 100  Foot. 

50  Foot. 

a 

§ 

Second — 30  Foot. 

S-l 

O 

Boulder. 

c 

IX 

Catskill. 

o 

'E 

bo 

G 

Third — Gordon. 

o 

rt 

o 

PI 

OJ 

Stray  Third. 

Q 

> 

Fourth. 

Fifth. 

Bayard. 

j 

Sixth — Elizabeth . 

VIII 

Chemung. 

Warren  and  Bradford  Groups. 

12 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Kentucky  Series  and  Corresponding  Oil  Sands. 


System 

Series 

Sands 

Remarks 

o5 

Coal  Measures. 

None  known  as  yet. 

© 

'5 

o 

,a 

u 
e 3 

U 

Conglomerate  Measures, 
Shales.  Coals  and 
Massive  Sandstones. 

Beaver  Of  Wages  ( Of 

Horton  l Floyd,  Jones  J Knox 

Pike  | Pike  Epperson  1 Co. 

Salt  J etc.  1 

Corresponds  in  part  to 
Pottsville  Conglomer- 
ate of  Ohio,  West  Vir- 
ginia and  Pennsylvania. 

c 

(4 

Chester  Group. 
Shales,  Limestones  and 
Sandstones. 

None  known  as  yet. 

Corresponds  to  Mauch 
Chunk  Shales  of  West 
Virginia  and  Pennsyl- 

P. 

vania. 

m 

None  known  except  where 

Corresponds  to  Mountain 

02 

Mostly  Limestones. 

broken  by  an  intervening  sand 

Lime,  Big  Lime  and 

§ 

in  Pike  and  Martin  Counties. 

Greenbriar  Lime. 

oa 

P 

Big  Injun  Group. 

2 

© 

Waverly  Group. 
(Includes  Keokuk  of 

Cloverport  Gas  Sand. 
Berea  Grit. 

Stray  "1 

Mt.  Pisgah 

f St™'  Of  Wayne  Co. 

g 

Western  Ky.) 

Corresponds  to  Place  of 

1 

Sandstones  and  Shales  in 

Pocono  Slates  of  West 

« 

Eastern  Kentucky: 

Virginia. 

u 

Calcareous  in 

| Cooper 
L Slickford  J 

>Q 

3 

Western  Kentucky. 

CQ 

Amber  Oil  Sand  of  Barren  Co. 

G 

.3 

Black  Shale. 

Meade  County  Gas  Sand. 

O 

> 

© 

Comiferous  Group. 

Ragland  Oil  Sand.  Irvine  Oil 

Q 

Limestones. 

Sand.  Menefee  Gas  Sand. 

Niagara  Group. 

Boyd’s  Creek  Sand  of  Barren 

P 

.3 

Limestones  and  Shales. 

County. 

‘C 

p 

Clinton  Group. 

Clinton  of  Morgan 

Top  of  Great  Limestone 

CO 

Limestones  and  Shales. 

County. 

Series. 

Hudson  Group. 

Caney  Sand. 

Mostly  Limestones  and 

Upper  Sunnybrook  Sand. 

Blue  Shales.  Some  Sand- 

Barren  County,  Deep  Sand.  _ 

c 

stone. 

Cumberland  Co.,  Shallow  Sand. 

t 

0 

W 

© 

Trenton 

Trenton 

Limestones. 

Lower  Sunnybrook  Sand. 

Blue  Grass  Limestone. 

Q, 

Black  1 

6 £ 

£ 

P 

River. 

. . . ^ 'O 

X _•  o rO  c 

o 

,x  _Q  o c c« 

o 

Birdseye. 

0 U rtf  (5  M 

c ® 5 5 "t  u 

Kentucky  River. 

c 

| 

Stones  I 

Magnesian. 

© c B ® © 

Birdseye  and  Magnesian, 

.2 

*5 

P 

2 

River,  j 

Chazy. 

03  ^ 33  2 0 

« > O = J 

Kentucky  River. 

i 

Eh 

(Not  all  above  drainage.) 

*S 

o 

Knox  Dolomite. 

Deep  Sand  of  Wayne  County. 

In  Southern  Kentucky. 
(Not  above  drainage.) 

Calciferous. 

Salt  Water  Sand  at  Top. 

White  sandy  limestones. 

Gas  Sand  in  Estill  County. 

(Not  above  drainage.) 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


13 


Kentucky  Gas  and  Oil  Sands 


Beaver. 

Horton. 

Pike. 

Salt. 


Wag'es. 

Jones. 

Epperson. 


Big-  Injun.  Cloverport  gas-sand. 

Berea  Grit.  Barren  Co.  amber  oil  sand. 


Stray. 

Mt.  Pisgah. 

Beaver,  Otter,  Cooper,  Slickford. 


Black  Shale,  in  Meade  County. 

Ragland,  in  Bath,  Estill,  and  Menefee  Counties. 


Boyd’s  Creek,  in  Barren  County. 


Clinton,  in  Morgan  County. 


Caney  (upper  part  of  Hudson),  in  Morgan,  Etc. 

Upper  Sunnybrook  (lower  part  of  Hudson),  in  Wayne,  Barren,  Etc. 

mton  i Bower  Sunnybrook,  in  Wayne,  Etc. 

| Barren,  Cumberland,  Clinton  and  Russell  County  lower  sands. 

Deep  sand,  in  Wayne  County,  at  the  top  of  the  Calciferous. 


In  the  Pennsylvania  field  the  section  starts  at  No.  VIII — 
the  Devonian,  and  goes  up  through  No.  XV — the  Upper  Pro- 
ductive Cx)al  Measures,  at  the  base  of  which  is  the  well-known 
Pittsburg  coal.  The  principal  oil  sands,  in  ascending  order, 
from  the  Warren  and  Bradford  are: 


Deep  gas-sand  (Calciferous),  in  Estill  County. 


Mahoning-Dunkard. 


Salt  sands. 


" Gantz — First — 100  foot  (Berea?). 


50  foot. 
30  foot. 


Venango  Group  Gordon. 

Fourth. 

Fifth — McDonald. 
_ Sixth — Elizabeth. 


Warren  and  Bradford  Groups. 


14 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Coming  southwest  into  West  Virginia,  the  Warren  and  Brad- 
ford Groups  are  not  found  productive,  but  other  and  higher 
sands  come  in.  The  list,  as  seen  from  the  section,  is: 


Uniontown. 

Morgantown — Little  Dunkard. 

C Mahoning, 

J Dunkard, 

[_  Cow  Run. 

( Second  Cow  Run, 

“Jl  Freeport  gas-sand. 
Gas-sand. 

Salt  sands. 

Maxton  (Cairo?). 

Keener. 

Big  Injun. 

Squaw. 

Smith’s  Ferry. 

Berea  Grit. 

First — Gantz — 1 0 0 -foot. 
50-foot. 

Second — 30-foot. 

Stray. 

Gordon  Stray — Campbell’s  Run. 
Third — Gordon — Flat  Run. 
Fourth. 

Fifth — McDonald. 

Sixth — Elizabeth — Bayard. 


The  Ohio  series  contain  both  higher  and  lower  sands,  but  the 
Venango  group  disappears  entirely.  The  list  is: 


Goose  Run. 

Mitchell. 

First  Cow  Run. 
Macksburg,  500-foot. 
Second  Cow  Run. 

Salt. 

Maxton. 

C Keener. 

Big  Injun  Group  J Big  Injun. 

Squaw. 

Berea  Grit. 

Ohio  STiale. 

Lower  Helderburg. 

Clinton. 

Trenton. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


15 


In  the  West  Virginia  field,  the  deepest  sand  reached  (with  the 
exception  of  a small  area  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  State, 
where  the  Corniferous  Limestone  was  reached),  was  the  Sixth 
or  Elizabeth  sand.  All  the  Kentucky  rocks  in  the  section  below 
the  Devonian  are  there  too  deep  for  the  drill. 

In  the  Ohio  field  the  thinning  out  of  the  measures  and  the 
rapid  rise  in  the  rocks  to  the  west,  enables'  the  drill  to  pene- 
trate to  the  Trenton  and  below,  in  parts  of  the  State1,  while 
higher  rocks,  i.  e.,  those  of  the  Coal  Measures,  come  in  in  the 
eastern  part. 

Coming  now  to  the  Kentucky  field,  the  Warren  and  Bradford 
sands  have  disappeared  before  reaching  West  Virginia;  the 
Venango  group  of  sands  reaches  over  into  West  Virginia,  but 
disappears  before  reaching  Ohio  or  Kentucky;  the  Berea  Grit, 
the  Big  Injun  group  and  the  sands  of  the  Conglomerate  series 
extend  from  West  Virginia  into  both  Ohio  and  Kentucky. 
Finally,  comparing  the  Ohio  and  Kentucky  fields,  it  will  be  seen 
that  nearly  all  the  Ohio  sands  are  found  in  Kentucky  as  well, 
up  to  the  base  of  the  Coal  Measures.  No  sands  have  been  located 
as  yet  in  Kentucky  above  the  Conglomerate  Measures,  but,  on 
the  other  hand,  several  producing  sands  have  been  found  in 
the  formations  between  the  Trenton  and  the  Devonian  Black 
Shale  in  Kentucky,  which  do  not  appear  as  producers  in  Ohio. 

Of  the  long  list  of  producing  sands,  from  the  Warren  and 
Bradford,  at  the  base  of  the  Pennsylvania  list,  up,  all  below  the 
Berea  Grit  have  disappeared  before  reaching  Kentucky,  the 
Berea  Grit,  the  Big  Injun  group  and  the  sands  of  the  Conglom- 
erate Measures  being  all  that  are  left  that  are  common  to  all 
four  States.  Of  the  remainder  of  the  Kentucky  sands,  some, 
as  mentioned  above,  are  in  lower  rocks  and  found  in  Ohio  as 
well,  and  some  seem  to  be  found  in  Kentucky  alone.  These  will 
all  be  discussed  in  detail  farther  on. 


16 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


CHAPTER  II. 


General  Geology  of  Oil  and  Gas. 

The  question  of  the  source  or  origin  of  the  vast  supplies  of 
oil  and  gas  found  in  the  rocks  composing  the  earth’s  crust  is 
a very  interesting  one,  but  one  that  can  not  be  answered  posi- 
tively as  yet.  It  can  be  taken  for  granted  that,  they  have  a 
common  origin,  more  or  less  gas  being  found  in  connection 
with  all  oil  fields,  and  the  chemical  composition  of  the  gas  from 
any  one  field  agreeing  with  that  of  the  oil  from  the  same  field ; 
the  reverse  of  this,  however,  is  not  true,  large  gas  fields  exist- 
ing which  have  no  connection  with  oil,  the  gas  being  followed 
directly  by  salt  water,  but  it  is  safe  to  assume  in  these  cases 
that  the  process  of  distillation  has  simply  been  carried  that 
much  farther. 

Numerous  more  or  less  ingenious  theories  have  been  advanced 
to  account  for  the  origin  of  oil  and  gas,  and  most  of  them  are, 
apparently,  based  on  reasoning  sound  enough  as  far  as  it  goes, 
but,  unfortunately,  none  of  them  elastic  enough  to  cover  all  the 
facts  and  conditions  demonstrated  in  the  different  fields  and 
formations  by  the  actual  test  of  the  drill. 

Two  principal  theories  have  heretofore  been  advanced — the 
organic  and  inorganic — the  first  accounting  for  the  oil  and  gas 
as  products  of  organic  matter,  either  animal  or  plant  or  both, 
and  the  second  ascribing  them  to  chemical  reactions  on  inor- 
ganic substances,  aided  by  the  action  of  heat.  To  these  has 
more  lately  been  added  a third  theory,  which,  while  still  ascrib- 
ing the  origin  of  oil  and  gas  to  organic  matter,  brings  in  as 
the  agent  which  brought  about  the  change,  the  action  on  that 
organic  matter  of  bacteria  acting  in  the  absence  of  air,  and 
citing  as  proof  the  production  of  hydrocarbons  by  the  action 
of  bacteria'  under  water  on  vegetable  matter  in  marshes,  as 
going  on  at  the  present  day. 

These  theories  have  been  discussed  in  great  detail  by  the 
late  Dr.  Orton  in  a preliminary  report,  issued  by  the  Kentucky 
Geological  Survey,  on  petroleum  and  natural  gas  in  Western 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


17 


Kentucky,*  and  in  liis  reports  on  the  geology  of  Ohio;  and, 
more  recently,  by  Professor  Bownocker  in  a bulletin  on  oil  and 
gas  in  Ohio.  Reference  is  made  to  those  reports  for  a more 
extended  discussion  of  the  different  theories. 

GEOLOGICAL  CONDITIONS  NECESSARY  FOR  THE  ACCUMULATION 
OF  OIL  AND  GAS  IN  THE  ROCKS. 

It  can  easily  be  demonstrated  that  the  amount  of  petroleum 
present  in  the  different  formations  comprising  the  geological 
scale  in  Kentucky  is  enormously  large.  Wells  can  hardly  be 
drilled  anywhere  without  obtaining  shows  of  oil  or  gas  or  both. 
Rocks  hundreds  of  feet  in  thickness  and  covering  large  areas 
carry,  disseminated  through  their  masses,  perceptible  percent- 
ages of  these  substances — amounts  which  in  the  aggregate  are 
beyond  computation,  but  which,  owing  to  the  fact  that  they 
are  so  disseminated,  are  of  no  practical  value.  Under  these 
circumstances,  the  question  as  to  the  conditions  necessary  for 
the  concentration  of  these  substances  in  quantities  sufficient 
to  make  them  available,  and  the  further  question  as  to  how 
to  recognize  these  conditions  in  advance  of  the  drill  become 
of  utmost  importance. 

Three  conditions  are  generally  insisted  upon  by  geologists 
as  necessary  before  these  accumulations  of  oil  and  gas  can  oc- 
cur, and  to  these  can  be  added  a fourth,  as  important  as  any, — 
possibly  more  important  than  any. 

1.  A porous  rock  or  reservoir  to  contain  the  oil  and  gas. 
This,  while  of  importance,  is  only  relatively  sa  It  does  not 
need  demonstration  to  prove  that  a coarse  sandstone  or  a peb- 
ble-rock will  carry  more  oil  per  cubic  foot  than  a close,  fine- 
grained  limestone  can  carry,  but  the  fact  remains  that  almost 
any  kind  of  a rock,  if  not  too  dense  and  close-grained,  can  act 
as  a reservoir,  and  will,  other  conditions  being  favorable,  pro- 
duce amounts  of  oil  or  gas  surprisingly  large.  The  name  “oil- 
sand,”  applied  to  an  oil-bearing  rock,  does  not  necessarily  mean 
that  it  is  a sandstone.  The  name  was  first  applied  to  the  oil- 
producing  rocks  of  the  old  Pennsylvania  fields,  which  were 
sandstones,  but  by  common  usage  it  is  now  applied  to  any  rock 

*This  report  is  now  out  of  print.  Such  parts  as  are  now  applicable  will  be 
republished  in  another  edition  of  this  Oil  and  Gas  bulletin. — C.  J.  N. 


18 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


which  carries  oil,  and  may  be  a sandstone,  a dolomitic  or  mag- 
nesian limestone,  or  a calcareous  limestone.  Some  of  the  lime- 
stones, while  apparently  very  close-grained,  produce  enormous 
quantities  of  oil  and  gas.  The  question  of  porosity,  however, 
still  remains  an  important  one  in  two  respects — one,  that  the 
amount  of  oil  per  cubic  foot  of  rock  increases  with  the  porosity, 
and  the  other,  that  in  a given  held,  when  the  porosity  of  the  rock 
changes  locally,  the  valuable  accumulations  of  oil  and  gas  will 
be  found  where  the  rock  is  more  open;  pools  in  the  same  gen- 
eral field,  where  all  other  conditions  are  apparently  the  same, 
being  separated  only  by  a space  where  the  oil-bearing  rock  is 
more  dense  and  closer  grained  than  in  other  parts  of  the  field. 

2.  Cover.  Over  all  rocks  carrying  gas  or  oil  in  quantities 
is  a more  or  less  impervious  cover,  the  necessity  for  which  can 
easily  be  seen,  preventing,  as  it  does,  the  oil  from  rising  into 
higher  strata,  and  confining  it  within  the  limits  of  the  porous 
rock  in  which  it  is  found.  The  cover  consists  sometimes  of 
a bed  of  close-grained  shales,  sometimes  of  a very  dense,  ex- 
tremely hard  layer  of  rock,  generally  containing  more  or  less 
lime  and  alumina,  and  called  the  “cap;”  sometimes  of  a bed 
of  clay. 

The  “cap”  of  hard,  dense  rock,  varying  in  thickness  from 
a few  inches  to  several  feet,  is  probably  the  cover  most  often 
found,  although  a bed  of  Impervious  clay  shales  over  an  oil  sand 
is  not  uncommon.  In  the  latter  case  the  oil  sand  itself  will 
generally  be  found  close  and  hard  at  the  top.  In  drilling 
through  a thick  sand,  it  is  not  unusual  to  find  in  records  of  wells 
an  oil  sand  reported  as  carrying  oil  in  the  lower  part;  but  it  is 
quite  probable  that  in  such  cases  there  is  a thin,  stratum  of 
shale,  too  thin  to  be  noticed  by  the  driller,  or  a hard,  thin  shell 
above  the  oil,  separating  it  from  the  overlying  rock,  and  pre- 
venting it  from  rising  higher. 

3.  Such  structure  of  the  rocks  as  will  arrest  the  movement 
of  oil  and  gas  and  confine  the  products  of  large  areas  within 
relatively  small  limits.  The  anticlinal  theory  of  the  accumula- 
tion of  oil  and  gas  in  folds  in  the  rocks  has  long  been  advocated 
by  prominent  geologists  and  has  come  to  be  almost  universally 
recognized  as  the  form  of  structure  necessary  for  valuable  ac- 
cumulations of  those  substances.  The  term  “anticlinal,”  how- 
ever, must  be  taken  in  a broad  sense',  as  the  theory  does  not 
teach  that  an  anticline  or  complete  arch  in  the  rocks  must  exist 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


19 


before  oil  or  gas  can  be  accumulated.  It  is  true  that,  as  first 
noticed  in  the  oil  fields  of  West  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania, 
the  lines  of  production  were  mainly  along  the  lines  of  the  nu- 
merous anticlines,  or  arches,  found  in  those  fields,  but  as  data 
have  accumulated  from  these  and  other  fields,  and  careful  meas- 
urements and  comparisons  made  over  large  areas  of  producing 
territory,  it  has  been  proven  that  not  only  anticlines,  but  other 
folds  in  the  rocks — monoclines,  terraces,  etc. — may  also'  be  ef- 
fective in  producing  an  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas.  In  a 
general  sense,  and  retaining  the  term  “anticlinal,”  given  a por- 
ous rock  containing  oil  and  gas  and  dipping  at  any  angle,  some 
sort  of  a fold  or  change  in  the  dip,  which  will  tend  to  prevent 
the  rise  of  the  oil  and  gas  up  the  dip  and  cause  it  to-  accumulate 
at  that  point,  is  necessary ; and,  given  such  a fold  with  the  other 
conditions  present,  an  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas  may  confi- 
dently be  expected 

It  is  claimed,  as  proof  of  the  anticlinal  theory,  that  all  known 
oil  and  gas  fields,  where  the  necessary  measurements  of  the 
dips  of  the  rocks  could  be  obtained,  have  proven,  to  be  intimately 
connected  with  lines  of  structure — folds  or  changes  in  the  dips 
of  the  rocks  of  some  kind — and  that  even  such  fields  as  have 
not  as  yet  been  so  proven,  probably  would  be1,  if  all  the  data 
could  be  obtained.  The  theory  has  also  been  put  to  further 
proof  by  the  location  of  oil  and  gas  wells  in  advance  of  the 
drill.  Some  of  the  best  known  oil  and  gas  fields  in  other 
States  were  located  in  this  way;  while1,  what  is  equally  im- 
portant, non-producing  territory  was  pointed  out  either  by  the 
absence  of  these  structural  lines  or  the  existence  of  svnclines. 

Structural  folds  in  the  rocks  may  be  of  many  different  forms 
to  be  effective  in  the  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas,  the  theory 
simply  requiring  enough  change  to  enable  the  different  ma- 
terials to  arrange  themselves  in  the  order  of  their  specific  grav- 
ity, the  gas  highest*  the  oil  next,  and  the  salt,  water  lowest.  To. 
make  this  clearer,  sketches  are  given  below  to  show  some  few 
of  the  most  common  forms.  It  is  a very  common  idea  among 
those  who  have  not  had  the  opportunity  to  familiarize  them- 
selves with  the  theory  of  anticlinal  accumulation,  that  an  anti- 
cline will  show  not  only  as  an  arch  in  the  rocks,  but  also  as  an 
elevation  on  the  surface;  as  a matter  of  fact  the  surface  may  be 
of  any  shape  whatever,  the  anticline  or  other  fold  running 
across  and  under  valleys  and  hills  alike. 


20 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  1 shows  an  ideal  form  of  anticline,  with  a possible  devel- 
opment of  salt  water  and  oil  on  each  side  of  the  axis,  and  gas 
at  the  summit  of  the  fold. 


No.  2. 


well  at  F.  salt  water;  A — A,  Oil  Sand. 

No.  2 shows  a monocline,  with  gas  at  the  top  and  oil  and  salt 
water  in  succession,  lower  down  the  dip.  Both  of  these  sketches 


No.  3. 


Possible  effect  of  a double  fold  on  a rising  dip.  A — A,  Oil  Sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


21 


show  a possible  development  of  both  oil  and  gas  ; as  a matter 
of  fact,  the  latter  would  more  likely  be  found  at.  points  along 
the  axis  where  the  elevation  of  the  axis  may  produce  domes. 

No.  3 shows  a possible  application  of  the  anticlinal  theory 
where  the  oil  and  gas  are  caught  in  small  folds  not  near  the 
top  of  the  dip,  and  also  shows  liow  two  “pools”  of  oil  (at  G and 
E)\  and  two  gas  pools,  may  exist  close  together  in  the  same 
field. 

These  sketches  are  simply  intended  to  show,  in  a very  gen- 
eral wTay,  the  manner  in  which  the  gas,  oil  and  salt  water  ar- 
range themselves  in  the  order  of  their  specific  gravity,  and  the 
futility  of  expecting  to  get  oil  or  gas  in  a syncline  where  noth- 
ing but  salt  water  could  be  expected. 

In  Kentucky  but  little  regard  has  been  paid,  so  far,  to  this 
point  of  structure,  and  large  amounts  of  money  have  been  ex- 
pended in  drilling  where  there  was  no  chance  for  an  accumu- 
lation of  oil  because  of  a lack  of  anything  like  a fold  in  the 
rocks,  while  there  is  already  nearly  enough  data  on  hand  to 
demonstrate  that  all  the  fields  which  are  now  producing  are 
intimately  connected  with  folds  of  some  sort.  The  gas  field  in 
Meade  county,  from  which  gas  is  piped  to  Louisville,  is  on 
a small  dome  interrupting  the  westerly  dip  of  the  black  shale; 
the  Cloverport  gas  wells  are  on  a series  of  small  arches  or  anti- 
clines. Both  of  these  fields  have  been  long-lived,  when  the  small 
size  of  the  folds  on  which  they  are  situated  is  considered,  and 
both  give  nothing  but  salt  water  outside  of  the  folds.  Tte 
Warfield  gas  well,  which  produced  gas  in  enormous  quantities, 
is  directly  on  the  summit  of  a sharp  anticline.  The  Ragland 
field,  in  Bath  county,  is  near  the  axis  of  a monoclinal  fold, 
with  the  production  limited  to  a comparatively  narrow  belt 
parallel  to  the  axis;  and  the  Estill  county  and  Wolfe  county 
fields  show  about  the  same  conditions.  The  productive  areas 
in  Wayne  county  and  Cumberland  county  are  limited,  so  far 
as  they  have  been  examined,  to.  small  anticlines  and  domes, 
while  in  the  Knox  county  fields  the  best  wells  can  be  followed 
on  very  narrow  lines  produced  by  sharp  changes  in  the  dips 
of  the  rocks. 

It  is  hoped  that  as  the  work  of  the  Survey  is  extended,  the 
study  of  dips  and  structure  in  the  different  oil  fields  of  the 
State,  which  is  outside  the  present  scope  of  this  bulletin,  may 


22 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


be  taken  np  in  detail  and,  with  the  co-operation  of  the  opera- 
tors, be  worked  out  in  detail  for  each  particular  field. 

4.  Salt  water . The  fourth,  and  what  is  probably  the  most 
important  of  all  the  conditions  for  the  accumulation  of  oil 
and  gas,  is  the  presence  of  salt  water  in  the  same  rock  in  which 
the  oil  and  gas  are  found.  The  discovery  of  oil  and  gas  by 
drilling  for  salt  Avater,  is  a matter  of  history ; that  in  all  oil 
or  gas  fields,  salt  Avater  is  found  somewhere  in  the  same  rock 
as  the  oil  and  gas,  and  conversely,  that,  in  any  porous  rock  con- 
taining salt  Avater,  oil  or  gas  will  be  found  in  some  amount 
higher  in  the  rock,  has  been  proven  in  the  development  of  the 
oil  fields  of  the  world.  The  influence  of  reservoir,  cover  and 
structure  on  the  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas,  have  already  been 
shown,  but  the  presence  of  salt  water  in  the  same  rock  is  para- 
mount to  all  these;  a rock  may  carry  oil  disseminated  through- 
out its  mass,  it  may  be  porous  and  at  places  have  the  proper 
structural  fold  for  the  accumulation  of  oil,  but  without  the 
presence  of  salt  water  the  accumulation  in  quantities  will  not 
take  place.  In  some  fields  fresh  water  may  be  found  below  the 
oil,  but  in  these  cases,  salt  water  will  be  found  further  down 
the  dip,  and  the  theory  holds  good.  The  salt  water  is  the  di- 
rect agent  through  which  the  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas  has 
taken  place.  With  a given  rock  containing  oil  scattered 
throughout  its  mass,  the  salt  water  in  the  same  rock,  rising  up 
the  dip,  collects  the  oil  as  it  rises,  the  latter  by  its  lighter  grav- 
ity then  separating  from  the  water  and  rising  ahead  of  it,  in 
volume  increasing  in  proportion  to  the  distance  along  the  dip 
through  which  it  rises,  finally  being  caught  and  held  in 
some  structural  fold  in  the  rock;  but  (and  this  is  an  important 
modification  of  the  anticlinal  theory)  only  rising  far  enough 
up  the  dip  to  keep  ahead  of  the  salt  water,  so  that  the  position 
of  the  oil  with  reference  to  the  summit  of  the  fold,  may  be  pre- 
determined by  the  height  to  AA7hich  the  salt  water  can  rise. 

STRIKE  LINES. 

The  line  of  strike  of  an  anticlinal,  or  other  fold,  is  a line  par- 
allel to  its  axis  and  at  right  angles  to  the  direction  of  the  dip 
of  the  rocks  down  the  fold,  and  it  is  along  these  strike  lines, 
after  the  width  of  the  field  up  and  doAvn  the  dip  has  been  de- 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


23 


termined,  that  the  extension  of  the  field  must  be  looked  for. 
This  fact  accounts  for  the  widely  prevailing  notion  that  oil 
and  gas  fields  are  all  on  a 45-degree  line  northeast  and  south- 
west. The  anticlines  on  which  the  older  oil  fields  were  found, 
were  smaller  waves  running  in  a generally  parallel  direction 
to  the  Alleghany  mountain  system,  which  runs  approximately 
northeast  and  southwest,  and  in  these  fields  a 45-degree  line 
would  therefore  often  run  through  considerable  oil  territory. 
There  is  no  fixed  law,  however,  in  regard  to  direction  of  struc- 
tural lines  in  the  rocks.  They  may  run  in  any  direction,  and 
the  only  safe  rule  in  locating  extensions  is  to  follow  the  strike 
lines,  or  lines  parallel  to  the  axes  of  the  folds. 


ROCK  PRESSURE. 

The  tension  or  pressure  exerted  by  the  gas  in  a well  is  known 
as  the  rock-pressure,  and  varies  considerably  at  different  depths 
and  in  different  fields.  When  the  well  is  closed  in,  the  pres- 
sure in  the  casing  will,  of  course,  sooner  or  later  equal  the  pres- 
sure in  the  well,  and  the  rapidity  with  which  the  pressure  in- 
creases after  being  closed  in,  is  proportional  to  the  volume  of 
gas  which  the  well  will  produce,  a well  gaining  100  pounds 
per  minute  after  being  closed,  having  a much  larger  produc- 
tion than  one  gaining  only  ten  pounds  per  minute,  although 
the  final  rock-pressure  may  be  the  same  in  both.  The,  rock- 
pressure,  then,  is  the  total  pressure  per  square  inch  attained  in 
the  well  after  being  closed  in,  and  while,  in  the  same  field,  a 
small  well  will,  after  closing  in,  be  longer  in  attaining  this 
pressure  than  a well  of  larger  volume  would,  the  final  pres- 
sure will  be  approximately  the  same  all  over  the  field. 

The  minute  pressure  is  the  pressure  per  square  inch  reached 
in  one  minute  after  being  shut  in,  and,  as  stated  above,  the 
greater  the  volume  produced  by  the  well,  the  greater  the  pres- 
sure reached  in  a minute.  From  the  minute  pressure  and  the 
rock-pressure,  the  volume  discharged  can  be  roughly  estimated. 

The  open  pressure  is  the  pressure  exerted  by  the  gas  in  open 
flow  from  the  casing,  and  the  amount  of  pressure  depends  on 
the  volume  of  gas  produced  and  the  size  of  the  casing,  increas- 
ing the  diameter  of  the  casing  diminishing  the  open  pressure. 
The  open  pressure  is  always  very  much  smaller  than  the  rock- 


24 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


pressure ; a well  having  a rock-pressure  of  500  pounds  may  have 
an  open  pressure  of  less  than  one  pound,  the  open  pressure 
being  entirely  unconnected  with  the  rock-pressure  and,  with 
a given  size  of  casing,  depending  on  the  volume  of  gas  dis- 
charged. A well  with  a very  high  rock-pressurei  and  a very  low 
open  pressure  will,  after  being  closed,  increase  in  pressure  very 
slowly,  the  volume  discharged  being  small. 

OIL  POOLS  AND  LIMIT  OF  SUPPLY. 

The  name  “pool”  is  quite  commonly  applied  to  the  produc- 
tive area  of  an  oil  field,  and  many  persons  use  the  name  in  its 
literal  meaning,  their  conception  of  the  storage  of  oil  in  the 
rocks  being  the  same  as  a pool  of  water  on  the  surface,  many 
even  believing  that  these  “pools”  are,  in  some  cases,  fed  by 
veins  or  running  streams  of  oil.  The  oil-pool  is  simply  that 
portion  of  the  oil  rock  which  is  stored  with  enough  oil  to  givc- 
an  available  supply,  either  by  natural  flow  or  by  pumping,  and 
the  oil  is  stored  in  the  pores  of  the  rock  just  as  water  is  stored 
and  held  in  the  pores  of  a sponge. 

It  is  not  at  all  likely  that  the  production  of  oil  is  still  going 
on;  the  products  have  practically  all  been  stored,  and  when 
tapped  by  the  drill  their  final  extinction  is  only  a matter  of 
more  or  less  time,  depending  on  the  thickness  and  porosity  of 
the  sand,  the  extent  of  the  field,  and  the  rapidity  with  which 
wells  are  drilled  and  pumped. 

The  writer  has  often  heard  the  belief  expressed  that  oil  can 
be  found  anywhere  by  going  “deep  enough.”  It  is  hoped  that 
the  perusal  of  these  pages  will  not  only  dispel  that  idea,  but 
be  of  assistance  to  the  prospective  driller  in  determining, 
approximately  at  least,  how  deep  it  will  be  necessary  to  go  to 
reach  the  sands  he  may  want  to  test,  and  to  show  what  sands 
he  may  expect  to  find  beneath  the  surface  in  different  parts 
of  the  State. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


25 


CHAPTER  III. 


The  Principal  Divisions  of  the  Geological  Scale  in 
Kentucky  and  the  Oil  Sands  Corres- 
ponding to  Each. 

CONGLOM ER ATE  ME ASU RES. 

In  the  Conglomerate  Measures  are  here  included,  not  alone 
the  massive  sandstone,  sometimes  carrying  no.  pebbles,  and 
sometimes  a true  conglomerate  filled  with  water-worn  pebbles, 
known  all  over  Eastern  Kentucky  as  the  Conglomerate  Sand- 
stone, but  all  the  shales  and  sandstones,  with  occasional  in- 
cluded beds  of  coal,  extending  from  the  top  of  the  Chester 
Group  to  the  base  of  the  heavy  shales  which  mark  the  beginning 
of  the  lower  productive  Coal  Measures.  Thin  in  Northeastern 
Kentucky,  and  consisting  there  mainly  of  a heavy  sandstone 
underlaid  by  a bed  of  dark  shale,  the  latter  often  carrying  a 
bed  of  coal,  it  thickens  rapidly  to  the  south,  southeast  and 
southwest,  and,  as  fully  developed  in  Southeastern  Kentucky, 
consists  of  a series  of  heavy,  massive  sandstones,  separated  by 
beds  of  shale  and  slate,  and  carrying  several  seams  of  coal,  and 
reaching  a total  thickness,  at  its  maximum,  of  over  1,000  feet. 
It  forms  the  most  marked  features  of  the  topography  in  its 
outcrop  along  the  western  edge  of  the  eastern  coal-field,  making 
the  massive  sandstone  cliffs  which  everywhere  overlie  the  Ches- 
ter and  St.  Louis  limestones,  and  again,  where  brought  up  by 
the  Pine  Mountain  fault,  forming  the  heavy  sandstone  ledges 
which  cap  that  mountain. 

Beginning  on  the  Ohio,  river,  in  Greenup  county,  its  thick- 
ness is  given  by  Professor  Crandall  as  30  to  100  feet  in  Greenup 
and  Carter  counties,  90  feet  at  Grayson,  158  feet  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Licking  river,  and  about  300  feet  in  Jackson  and  Men- 
efee  counties.  It  is  thicker,  under  cover,  in  Wolfe  and  Morgan 
counties,  the  record,  given  further  on,  of  a well  on  Caney  creek, 
in  Morgan  county,  giving  its  character  there  in  detail.  East 
and  south  of  Morgan  county  it  thickens  much  more  rapidly, 


26 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


and,  going  towards  the  Big  Sandy  river  to  the  east  and  Pine 
mountain  to  the  south,  is  divided  into  a number  of  sandstone 
ledges,  with  heavy  beds  o.f  shale  between,  with  a total  thick- 
ness, as  mentioned  above,  of  from  600  to  1,000  feet  The  main 
ledge  of  the  Conglomerate,  in  the  counties  where  it  has  not  yet 
divided  up,  has  produced  more  or  less  oil,  gas  and  salt,  water 
where  drilled  through.  In  Boyd  county  it  gave  salt-  water.  In 
Morgan  county  it  proved  the  source  of  a very  persistent  flow 
of  gas,  and  in  Breathitt,  a well  drilled  into  it  on  the  waters  of 
Frozen  creek,  gave  a considerable  flow  of  black  oil.  It  was  also 
the  source  of  the  shallow  black  oil  of  Johnson  county.  Its 
production,  however,  has  not  proven,  as  yet,  of  any  special  im- 
portance in  the  area  under  which  it  exists  mainly  as  a single 
heavy  ledge  of  sandstone.  In  those  counties,  however,  where 
it  has  thickened  and  divided  up  into  several  heavy  ledges,  with 
corresponding  shales  between,  the  record'  becomes  entirely  dif- 
ferent. In  Floyd,  Knott,  Martin  and  Pike  counties,  where 
some  extensive  drilling  has  been  done,  the  Conglomerate  series 
form  the  main  part  of  the  formations,  from  near  the  surface 
down  to  from  1,000  to  1,800  feet,  and  in  that  distance  four  well- 
defined  sands,  carrying  gas,  oil  and  salt  water  in  quantities, 
have  been  developed.  In  Knox  and  Whitley  counties  the  record , 
is  about  the  same,  most  of  the  wells  starting  approximately 
at  the  top  of  the  Conglomerate  series,  the  latter  having  a 
thickness  of  800  to  900  feet,  with  from  three  to  four  pro- 
ducing sands,  and  all  the  production  of  the  field,  as  in  the 
Floyd  county  district,  coming  from  the  Conglomerate,  with 
the  one  exception,  common  to  both  fields,  of  deeper  drilling 
getting  additional  production  from  the  Big  Injun  sand.  There 
still  remains  a large  area  in  Southeastern  Kentucky  underlaid 
by  the  thickened  Conglomerate  series,  which  has  not  been 
tested  by  the  drill,  and  other  areas  where  but  little  drilling  has 
been  done,  where  the  chances  for  oil  and  gas  would  seem  to  be 
at  least  worthy  of  a trial.  Under  the  headings  of  the  above- 
mentioned  counties,  respectively,  will  be  given  later  on  a num- 
ber of  records  of  drilled  wells,  which  will  show  the  producing 
sands  and  the  full  thickness  of  the  Conglomerate  series  as 
there  developed.  By  reference  to  Map  No.  1,  accompanying 
this  report,  it  will  be  seen  that,  outside  of  the  counties  of  Knox, 
Floyd,  Johnson  and  Martin,  this  whole  area  is,  as  yet,  prac- 
tically untested. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


27 


In  Western  Kentucky  the  Conglomerate  still  shows  in  out- 
crop around  the  western  coal-field,  but  it  is  thinner  and  quite 
variable  in  character  and  thickness,  and  its  qualifications  as 
an  oil  or  gas  sand  are,  as  yet,  almost  entirely  unknown.  It 
is  a noteworthy  fact,  however,  that  some  of  the  most  important 
occurrences  of  “asphalt  rock”  are  in  the  Conglomerate. 

CHESTER  (MAUCH  CHUNK)  GROUP. 

This  is  represented  by  a series  of  sands,  limestones  and  soft 
red  and  green  shales,  lying  between  the  St.  Louis  limestone 
group  and  the  Conglomerate  Measures.  From  the  Ohio 
river  these  outcrop  southwesterly  along  the  western  border  of 
the  Eastern  Coal-field,  but,  for  some  distance  to'  the  southwest 
from  the  river,  they  are  very  thin,  showing  sometimes  as  a few 
feet  of  red  and  green  shales  and  sometimes  wanting  entirely. 
They  increase  in  thickness  to  the  southwest  and  around  the 
Central  Bluegrass  region,  in  a manner  similar  to  the  thickening 
of  the  St.  Louis  in  the  same  direction.  In  Jackson  county  they 
are  reported  as  showing  fifteen  to  thirty  feet  of  red  and  green 
shales  with  bands  of  intercalated  limestone.  In  Whitley 
county  the  total  thickness  has  increased  to  ninety  feet,  as 
shown  in  the  well  at  Pine  Knot.  In  Clinton  county  Dr. 
Loughridge  gives  a thickness  of  228  feet,  as  follows: 

Shale4,  or  green  marl  and  limestone 130 

Dark,  impure  limestone 73 

Greenish  sandstone  25 

228 

Farther  west  they  thicken  still  more,  and  in  the  western 
part  of  the  State  reach  a thickness  of  from  600  to  800  feet.  A 
record  of  a well  drilled  at  Tell  City,  just  below  Hawesville, 
shows  a thickness  there  of  597  feet. 

In  West  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  the  corresponding  forma- 
tion has  been  given  the  name  of  Mauch  Chunk  red  shales,  and 
Professor  White,  in  his  West  Virginia  report,  gives  it  an  aver- 
age thickness  of  150  feet.  In  Knox  county,  deep  well  records 
show  the  Chester  series  of  shales  and  limestones  as  about  200 
feet  thick.  It  will  be  seen  from  this  that  they  thicken  from 
their  outcrop  in  Northeastern  Kentucky  to  the  southeast,  as 


28 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


well  as  to  tlie  southwest,,  as  do  the  St.  Louis  limestones.  In 
Eastern  and  Southeastern  Kentucky,  the  records  of  drilled  wells 
show  considerable  unconformity  between  the  Chester,  or  Mauch 
Chunk,  and  the  underlying  St.  Louis,  or  Mountain  limestone, 
and  also  between  the  St.  Louis  and  the  underlying  Big  Injun 
group.  All  three  sometimes  show  in  place,  and  again  one  or 
two,  out  of  the  three,  will  be  considerably  cut  down,  and  some- 
times two  will  show  in  one  well,  while  in  another  well,  only  a 
short  distance  away,  one  of  them  will  be  entirely  wanting.  This 
peculiarity  will  be  shown  in  records  of  wells  to  be  given  far- 
ther on. 

So  far  as  known,  no  oil  or  gas  sands  have  been,  as  yet,  discov- 
ered in  the  Chester  rocks,  with  the  exception  of  a gas  flow  from 
a Chester  sand  in  a well  in  Martin  county.  Professor  White  re- 
ports them  as  barren  in  West  Virginia,  and  well  records  in 
Eastern  Kentucky,  with  the  above  exception,  show  nothing;  but 
in  Western  Kentucky  (where  the  formation  has  developed  to 
a series  of  limestones,  shales  and  sandstones,  GOO  to  800  feet 
thick)  some  of  the  massive  sandstones  in  this  group  are,  on 
their  outcrop,  saturated  with  oil,  which  has  oxidized  and  made 
the  well-known  Kentucky  asphalt  rock.  Not  much  drilling 
has  been  done  there  where  these  rocks  are  under  cover  and  it 
may  be  that  they  will  yet  furnish  a supply  of  oil.  There  are 
three  or  four  massive  sandstones  in  tbe  series  there  which  would 
make  suitable  reservoirs.  Plate  No.  2,  showing  the  arch  of  the 
Rough  Creek  anticline  at  a point  about  a mile  south  of  Leitch- 
field,  Grayson  county,  also  shows  a quarry  in  one  of  these  Ches- 
ter sandstones — the  No.  2 sandstone  of  the  survey  reports. 

ST.  LOUIS  LIMESTONE  GROUP. 

The  division  of  the  Sub-carboniferous  known  as  the  St.  Louis 
limestone  group,  and  also  known  as  the  Newman  limestone, 
the  Mountain  Lime,  and  the  “Big  Lime”  of  the  driller,  together 
with  the  overlying  Chester  shales  and  limestones,  forms  the 
division  between  the  sands  and  shales  of  the  overlying  Con- 
glomerate and  Coal  Measures  and  the  underlying  Waverly 
group.  It  is  nearly  always  to  be  found  in  place,  though  of 
varying  thickness,  and  constitutes  a valuable  guide  to  the  drill- 
er; but  being  thinner  and  lying  so  much  nearer  the  surface  in 


No.  2.  Arch  of  the  Rough  Creek  Anticline  in  quarry  south  of  Leitchfield,  Grayson  County. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


29 


parts  of  this  State  than  it  does  in  West  Virginia  and  Penn- 
sylvania, many  drillers  have  been  mistaken  in  its  identity.  Ac- 
customed to  striking  it  deep  down  in  the  wells  after  going 
through  a long  list  of  shales  and  sands,  they  have,  in  Kentucky, 
erroneously  applied  the  name  “Big  Lime”  to  the  long  series  of 
limestones  which  begin  below  the  Devonian  Black  Shale  and 
extend  downward  to  an  unknown  depth,  thus  taking  these 
limestones  to  be  the  same  as  the  “Big  Lime”  of  West  Vir- 
ginia and  Pennsylvania,  when  really  they  belong  much  lower 
in  the  section.  To  any  one  unaccustomed  to  the  Kentucky 
section,  this  is  a very  natural  mistake,  but  one  causing  much 
confusion. 

Beginning  at  the  Ohio  river,  near  Portsmouth,  the  St.  Louis 
limestones  have  thinned  down  to  almost  nothing;  they  are  re- 
ported missing  in  the  wells  at  Portsmouth  and  fronton,  but 
from  there  on  to  the  southeast  and  southwest  they  thicken 
rapidly.  Passing  around  and  to  the  south,  of  the  Central  Blue- 
grass  region,  they  thicken  still  more  rapidly,  reaching  a thick- 
ness of  eight  hundred  feet  and  possibly  more,  in  the  western 
part  of  the  State,  and  forming  the  surface  rocks  over  large 
areas.  In  the  well  near  Ashland,  the  St.  Louis  is  sixty  feet 
thick;  in  a well  near  Huntington,  150  feet  thick,  and  farther 
up  the  Ohio  river,  in  a well  opposite  Gallipolis,  165  feet  thick. 
Crandall  gives  it  a thickness  of  from  0 to  40  feet  on  outcrop  in 
Greenup  county,  35  feet  at  Soldier,  75  feet  at  Olive  Hill,  90  feet 
at  Boone  Furnace,  140  feet  at  Carter  Caves,  20  to  30  feet  in 
Bo  wan  county,  and  40  to  60  feet  in  Menefee.  Linney  gives  its 
outcrop  at  65  and  100  feet  in  Bath  and  Montgomery.  Owen 
gives  outcrops  in  Po-well  and  Estill  counties  of  about  160  feet, 
and  Sullivan  gives  it  as  225  feet  in  Jackson  and  Rockcastle. 
Well  records  give  a thickness  of  20  feet  near  Grayson,  90  at 
Denton  and  109  at  Strait  Creek  in  Carter  county,  75  to  110 
feet  in  Wolfe  and  Morgan,  210  feet  in  Magoffin,  an  average  of 
150  in  Lawrence,  138  to  210  in  Floyd,  about  200  in  Martin  and 
180  to  240  in  Pike.  In  the  Pike  and  Martin  fields,  though,  it 
seems  from  the  records  to  be  very  irregular  in  its  appearance, 
sometimes  showing  its  full  thickness,  sometimes  separated  in 
two  parts  by  a ledge  of  sandstone,  and  again  being  very  much 
broken  and1  mixed  up  with  the  overlying  Mauch  Chunk,  or  Ches- 
ter series,  and  the  underlying  Big  Injun  group.  On  the  Pine 


30 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


mountain  outcrop,  Professor  Crandall  reports  it  as  500  feet 
thick,  but  this  probably  includes  the  overlying  Chester  rocks. 
Professor  C.  J.  Norwood  gives  it  as  about  400  feet  thick  on  the 
Cumberland  mountain  outcrop  at  Cumberland  Gap.  Going 
west,  a well  at  Pine  Knot,  in  Whitley  county,  gives  395  feet,  and 
Loughridge  gives  303  feet  on  outcrop  in  Clinton  county.  In 
the  eastern  part  of  Meade  county  it  is  475  feet  thick,  in  Hart 
over  500  feet,  in  Breckenridge  over  700  feet,  and  it  thickens 
from  that  to  800  feet,  and  probably  more,  in  the  extreme  west- 
ern part  of  the  State.  Under  cover,  in  Eastern  and  Southeast- 
ern Kentucky,  well  records  give  the  following  depths  from  the 
surface  to  the  top  of  the  St.  Louis: 


Ft. 

Carter  County  (Grayson) 80 

Boyd  County  500 

Huntington,  W.  Va 970 

Lawrence  County  157  to  1,025 

Wolfe  County 420 

Morgan  County  360  to  460 

Magoffin  County  715 

Floyd  County  1,150 

Martin  County  1,250 

Pike  County  1,500 

Whitley  County  (Pine  Knot) 900 


(Due  to  an  anticline) 


These  depths,  of  course,  will  vary  somewhat,  but  they  are 
about  the  average,  and  will,  when  combined  with  the  thickness 
given  for  the  St.  Louis  on  preceding  pages,  serve  as  a close 
guide  for  drilling. 

The  St.  Louis  limestones  are  petroliferous  in  a number  of 
places,  giving  a strong  smell  of  petroleum  when  broken  with  a 
hammer,  and  often  showing  small  cavities  tilled  with  oil,  but 
have  furnished  no  supplies  of  oil  or  gas,  unless  the  gas  from  a 
portion  of  the  Pike  and  Martin  county  field  can  be  referred 
to  this  formation  instead  of  the  Big  Injun  group.  The  two 
formations,  as  mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  show  consid- 
erable unconformity  in  this  field;  the  Mountain  Lime  will  be 
present  in  full  thickness,  with  the  Big  Injun  under  it,  and  in 
another  well  close  by  be  almost  or  entirely  gone.  The  heavy 
flow  of  gas  which  is  found  in  this  section,  Professor  White,  in 
his  West  Virginia  report,  attributes  entirely  to  the  Big  Injun, 
claiming  the  latter  to  be  changed  to  part  lime  and  the  gas  to 
be  obtained  from  streaks  of  sand  contained  in  it,  a conclusion 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


31 


hardly  justified  by  the  records  from  the  wells.  The  log  of  the 
old  gas  well  at  Warfield,  in  Martin  county,  shows  the  forma- 
tions nearly  all  Conglomerate,  with  200  feet,  of  white  and  blue 
shales  under  the  Conglomerate  and  100  feet  of  sandstone  and 
“shells”  under  that,  and  then  a heavy  flow  of  gas  from  seven 
feet  of  sandy  limestone.  The  log  of  this  well  does  not  agree  with 
any  other  records  obtained,  the  200  feet  of  light  shales  seeming 
to  be  a local  feature.  In  the  Burning  Springs  well,  located 
just  across  the  river  from  Warfield,  the  Mauch  Chunk  or  Ches- 
ter series  show  very  plainly  at  from  819  to  1,038  feet;  then 
comes  162  feet  of  Mountain  Lime,  from  1038  to  1200,  with  gas 
in  the  limestone  (nearer  the  top  than  the  bottom)  at  1098;  then 
138  feet  of  shelly  slate,  with  gas  in  a sand  “shell”  near  the  top, 
and  again  at  1315,  near  the  bottom.  This  138  feet  of  shelly 
slate  represents  the  Big  Injun  group,  with  gas,  and  the  162 
feet  of  limestone  above  it  is  the  Mountain  Limestone,  also  pro- 
ducing gas. 

Other  wells  in  Floyd,  Lawrence,  Pike  and  Martin  counties 
show  a dividing  ledge  of  sandstone,  contained  in  the  Mountain 
Lime,  from  which  large  flows  of  gas  are  obtained,  with  some 
shows  of  oil.  A number  of  other  wells  undoubtedly  give  gas 
from  the  Big  Injun  alone,  and  one  or  two  from  both  Mountain 
Lime  and  Big  Injun,  so  that  it  seems  certain  that  while  a large 
part  of  the  gas  is  produced  by  the  Big  Injun,  the  Mountain 
Limestone  is  in  this  immediate  section  a gas  producer  also,  the 
gas  coming  from  the  ledge  of  sand  mentioned  above  as  includ- 
ed in  the  limestone. 


WAVERLY  GROUP. 

The  Kentucky  Geological  Survey  applied  the  name  Waverly 
to  the  group  including  all  the  formations  between  the  top  of 
the  Devonian  Black  Shale  and  the  base  of  the  St.  Louis  Lime- 
stones. The  name  was  unfortunately  chosen,  but,  it  has  become 
so  well  known,  as  applied  to  those  rocks,  that  it;  will,  until 
replaced  by  a better  one,  continue  to  be  used  here.  It  includes 
the  Knobstone  series  and  shales  of  Eastern  Kentucky,  described 
by  Dr.  Owen,  and  corresponds:  in  position  to  the  Waverly 
group  of  the  Ohio  scale,  and  the  Poeono  of  West:  Virginia.  In 
Eastern  Kentucky  it  consists  generally  of  a series  of  sandstones, 
shales  and  shaly  sands,  easily  drilled  through,  and  includes 


32 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


within  its  limits  the  Big  Injun  sand,  another  heavy  sand  below 
the  top  of  the  Waverly,  which  may  take  the  place  of  the  Big 
Injun  (see  heading  “Big  Injun  Sand”),  and  the  well-known 
Berea.  Grit  of  the  Ohio  oil-fields.  In  Southern  Kentucky  it 
begins  to  change  in  character,  becoming  more  calcareous1,  es- 
pecially near  the  top,  where  ‘the  Keokuk  Limestones  come  in, 
and  includes  the  Stray,  Mt.  Pisgah,  Beaver,  Cooper  and  Slick- 
ford  sands  of  Wayne  county.  In  Western  Kentucky,  where 
the  Keokuk  thickens  up,  it  becomes  still  more  calcareous,  con- 
sisting mainly  of  limestones  and  limy  shales,  with  a heavy 
bed  of  clay  shales  at  the  bottom,  and  includes  the  Keokuk 
shales  and  limestones.  The  Cloverport  gas  sand  of  Brecken- 
ridge  county,  the  gas-bearing  sands  of  Warren  county,  and  the 
amber  oil  of  Barren  county  are  found  in  the  Keokuk  division. 

The  Waverly  group  covers  considerable  area  in  outcrop,  and 
is  under  cover  in  still  larger  areas.  These  rocks  form  the  sur- 
face rocks  of  a section  extending  around  Central  Kentucky, 
from  the  Ohio  river  in  Lewis  county  to  the  Ohio  river  again  in 
Bullitt  county,  and  from  Boyle  and  Lincoln  counties  southwest 
to  the  Tennessee  line.  From  these  lines  of  outcrop  they  dip 
rapidly  to  the  southwest  and  southeast  under  the  Western  and 
Eastern  coal-fields  respectively. 

In  thickness  the  Waverly  averages  roughly  about  400  feet, 
although  thicker  than  that  under  cover  in  Eastern  Kentucky, 
where  it  will  average  about  600  feet.  The  average  thickness 
on  outcrop  is  as  follows: 


Greenup  County  500  feet 

Bath  County  400  “ 

Fleming  County  400  “ 

Garrard  County  300  “ 

Clinton  County  380  “ 


Thinning  to  the  southeast,  its  outcrop,  where  brought  up  By 
the  Pine  Mountain  uplift,  is  only  about  200  feet  in  thickness'. 
In  Western  Kentucky  the  records  of  the  Meade  and  Barren 
county  wells  give  a thickness  there  of  about  250  feet  to  this 
group,  the  section  showing  very  calcareous  at  the  top,  and  with 
a thick  bed  of  shales  at  the  bottom.  Farther  west,  under  cover, 
the  section  has  changed  materially,  records  in  Warren  show- 
ing a thickness  of  nearly  400  feet,  and  in  Breckenridge  and 
Hart  a thickness  of  over  400  feet,  the  section  consisting  mostly 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


33 


of  very  dark  and  black  limestones  and  lime  shales1,  the  lime- 
stones, many  of  them,  being  argillaceous.  Still  further  west 
no  records  are  available  to  give  the  character  or  thickness  of 
these  beds.  A record  from  Caldwell  county,  given  later  on, 
shows  black  hard  limestones  about  where  they  would  be  due, 

but  the  lines  of  division  can  not  be  drawn  on  the  record. 

/ 


DEVONIAN  BLACK  SHALE. 


The  Black  Shale  constitutes  a well-known  landmark  to  nearly 
every  driller,  its  soft  drilling  and  black  color  making  it  easily 
recognized.  Crossing  the  Ohio  river  from  Ohio*  into  Lewis 
county,  it  follows  in  outcrop  an  irregular  line  clear  around 
the  Central  Bluegrass  region  to  the  Ohio  river  again  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  where  it  crosses  over  into  Indiana.  Another  line 
of  outcrop  begins  on  the  Cumberland  river  on  Forbush  and 
White  Oak  creeks,  in  Wayne  county,  and  extends  down  t tie 
river  and  above  water  level  on  both  sides  to  the  Tennessee 
line.  In  thickness  the  Black  Shale  varies  considerably,  but  in 
a general  way  it  thins  out  to  the  southwest  and  thickens  very 
rapidly  to  the  east.  The  following  are  its  average  thicknesses 
at  various  points  on  its  outcrop. 


Lewis  County  

Fleming  County  . . . 

Bath  County  

Montgomery  County 

Clark  County 

Estill  County  

Powell  County 
Pine  Mountain 
Garrard  County 
Marion  County 
Nelson  County 

Larue  County  

Bullitt  County 

Jefferson  County  . . 

Casey  County  

Russell  County 
Clinton  County  . . . . 
Cumberland  County 
Monroe  County  . . . . 


Feet. 
. 225 
. 200 
. 135 
. 110 
. 100 
. 100 
. 100 
. 150 
. 50 
. 60 
. 50 
. 65 
. 70 
. 100 
. 45 
. 40 
. 30 
. 25 
. 20 


34 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Well  records  give  it  the  following  thicknesses  uuder  cover : 


Magoffin  County 

•Morgan  County  

Wolfe  County  

Menefee  County 
Rockcastle  County  . . 
Whitley  County 

Wayne  County  

Barren  County  

Warren  County  

Breckenridge  County 
Hart  County  


Feet. 

400 

285 

191 

150 

150 

40 

35 

35 

90 

95 

105 


Its  remarkable  thickening  to  the  east  can  best  be  shown  by 
a line  of  wells  through  Ohio  and  Kentucky,  from  Lewis  county, 
Kentucky,  to  Wellsville,  Ohio: 


Thickness. 


In  Lewis  County,  Ky 225 

“ Carter  County,  Ky 450 

At  Portsmouth,  Ohio  560 

“ Ironton,  Ohio  680 

In  Lawrence  County,  Ky 644 

Ohio  River,  near  Gallipolis  1,000  nearly 

Ohio  River,  near  Wellsville 3,000  “ 


In  all  these  counties,  in  Kentucky  as  well  as  in  Ohio,  where 
this  thickening  occurs,  there  are  several  divisions  in  this  shale 
and  the  shales  are  often  of  different  colors — black,  white, 
brown,  etc. — the  other  Devonian  shales  of  Ohio  and  West  Vir- 
ginia being  added  to  the  black  Ohio  Shale  of  the  Kentucky 
outcrop. 

This  thickening  of  the  Devonian  shales,  combined  with  the 
thickening  of  the  St.  Louis  and  the  Conglomerate  measures, 
would  make  very  deep  drilling  necessary  to  reach  the  lower 
rocks  in  parts  of  Eastern  Kentucky. 


THE  DEVONIAN  ( CORNIFEROUS)  LIMESTONES. 

The  Devonian  limestones  in  Kentucky  do  not  attain  much 
thickness,  ranging  from  only  a trace  in  places  up  to  35  or  40 
feet,  but  they  are  important  economically  as  furnishing  the 
producing  rock  for  two  well-developed  oil  fields  and  a gas  field 
of  much  promise,  with  a possibility  of  a greater  development 
in  the  future  in  other  localities.  In  outcrop  they  follow  on  the 


No.  3.  Devonian  Shale,  Corniferous  Limestone  and  Niagara  (Osgood)  Shale 
L.  & E.  R.  R.  East  of  Virden,  Powell  County. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


35. 


map. the  outcrop  of  the  Devonian  Black  Shale  (which  directly 
overlies  these  limestones)  from  the  Ohio  river  in  Lewis  county 
around  to  the  Ohio  river  again  at  Louisville,  at  which  place 
they  form  the  falls  in  the  river.  At  Louisville  the  Devonian 
limestones  probably  have  their  greatest  development  in  Ken- 
tucky. They  are  there  divided  by  Professor  Foerste  in  two 
parts,  the  lower  corresponding  to  the  Corniferous,  and  the 
upper  to  a higher  formation,  possibly  the  Hamilton.  The 
upper  part  does  not  extend  far  into  Kentucky,  but  the  lower, 
or  Corniferous,  as  stated  above,  follows  the  outcrop  of  the 
Black  Shale  clear  around  to  the  Ohio  river  again.  The  Cor- 
niferous is  often  marked,  in  the  upper  ledges,  by  irregular 
masses  of  hornstone  or  flint,  which  give  the  rock  a peculiar 
rugged  appearance,  the  softer  portion  of  the  rock  weathering 
out  and  leaving  the  flint  masses  projecting.  The  average  sec- 
tion of  the  Corniferous  in  Eastern  Kentucky  on  outcrop  shows, 
directly  under  the  Black  Shale,  a few  feet  of  hard,  dark,  bi- 
tuminous limestones,  in  thin  ledges  and  separated  by  thin 
layers  of  dark,  limy  shale;  under  these,  one  or  more  massive 
ledges  of  gray  limestone  with  flint,  and  under  those  several 
ledges  of  gray  magnesian  limestones  with  no  flint,  and  a heavy 
bottom  ledge  of  white  limestone.  The  whole  will  average  about 
twenty  feet  in  thickness  in  Eastern  Kentucky  and  is  underlaid 
always  by  the  Niagara  (Osgood)  Shale.  The  soft  Niagara 
Shale  below  and  Black  Shale  above,  weather  much  more  rap- 
idly than  the  Corniferous,  and  leave  the  latter,  wherever  out- 
cropping, showing  as  a bluff  projecting  beyond  the  underly- 
ing Niagara.  Plate  No.  3,  taken  at  the  cut  on  the  L.  & E.  Rail- 
road, just  east  of  Virden,  Powell  county,  shows  the  Cornifer- 
ous Limestone  overlaid  by  the  Black  Shale  and,  in  turn,  over- 
lying  the  Niagara  Shale.  The  latter  lias  weathered  out  and 
left  the  Corniferous  projecting  beyond  it  in  a vertical  bluff. 
It  is  possible,  and  in  fact  probable,  that  some  of  the  lower 
ledges  of  this  section  do  not  belong  to  the  Devonian — probably 
representing  the  Niagara  Limestone  and  the  Lower  Helder- 
burg  or  Water  Lime  of  the  Ohio  section,  but  the  whole  group 
is  so  thin,  the  name  Corniferous  will  still  be  used  to  cover  it 
all,  at  least  until  a separation  can  be  made. 

The  Corniferous  can  not  be  recognized  in  any  of  the  wells 
in  Southeastern  Kentucky  south  of  Morgan  county.  It  does 


. 36 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


not  appear  in  the  Whitley  county  wells,  the  section  there,  be- 
tween the  Black  Shale  and  the  Hudson,  being  taken  up  by  the 
Niagara  and  Clinton  shales,  and  it  is  wanting  under  the  outcrop 
of  the  Black  Shale  on  Cumberland  and  Green  rivers,  so  that 
its  southern  limit  in  Central  Kentucky  can  roughly  be  taken 
as  an  east  and  west  line  through  the  extreme  southern  edge 
of  Lincoln  county.*  In  Eastern  Kentucky  it  shows  in  well  rec- 
ords as  far  as  Magoffin  county;  beyond  that  the  wells  do  not 
go  deep  enough  to  reach  it.  A deep  well  near  Huntington,  W. 
Va.,  stopped  in  the  Corniferous  at  2,770  feet. 

At  the  crossing  of  the  Ohio  river  just  below  Vanceburg,  in 
Lewis  county,  about  50  feet  of  magnesian  limestones  show,  be- 
tween the  top  of  the  Niagara  Shale  and  the  base  of  the  Black 
Shale.  The  principal  part  of  this  is  probably  Niagara  and 
Lower  Helderburg  or  Water  Lime,  but  waste  of  the  Corniferous 
flint  is  found  at  the  top.  This  50  feet  rapidly  thins  out  to  the 
southwest,  the  line  of  outcrop  from  the  C.  & O.  Railroad,  in 
Bath  county,  northeast  through  Bath  and  Fleming,  showing 
only  occasional  outcrops  of  the  Corniferous  and,  in  other 
places,  only  a red  clay,  with  waste  of  the  Corniferous,  at  the 
base  of  the  Black  Shale  and  in  the  place  of  the  Corniferous. 
South  of  the  C.  & O.  Railroad,  however,  the  Corniferous  is  in 
place,  showing  in  outcrop  in  Bath,  Montgomery,  Clark,  Madi- 
son, Garrard  and  Rockcastle,  and  up  the  Kentucky  and  Red 
rivers  and  their  branches.  On  Red  river  it  runs  under  drain- 
age at  Clay  City,  and  on  Kentucky  river  at  Irvine.  Below 
drainage,  its  position  is  well  shown  in  numerous  well  records 
given  later  on. 

A marked  feature  of  the  Corniferous  group  as  an  oil  sand 
is  the  fact  that,  both  on  outcrop  and  under  cover,  it  carries 
the  oil  sometimes  in  the  hard,  flint  layers  at  the  top  and  again 
.in  the  lower  magnesian  layers.  On  the  outcrop  in  Clark  coun- 
ty, oil  will  run  from  the  bottom  ledge  when  broken  with  a ham- 
mer, while  in  Powell  county,  just  a few  miles  east,  the  reverse 
is  true. 

In  Western  Kentucky  there  is  a large  area  west  of  a line 
from  Louisville  to  the  Tennessee  line,  under  which  the  Devonian 
limestone  may  be,  and  probably  is,  present,  but  probably  very 
thin.  In  all  this  area  there  is  no  outcrop  of  rocks  below  the 


See  map  No.  3 accompanying  this  report. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


37 

Black  Shale,  and  in  the  well  records  it  is  impossible  to  separate 
the  Devonian  limestone  from  other  limestones  just  beneath  it; 
but  it  outcrops  again  in  Western  Tennessee,  and  is,  therefore, 
probably  present,  to  some  extent  at  least,  under  this  area  also. 
Some  of  the  wells  in  Barren  county  give  an  oil  horizon  in  a 
limestone  directly  under  the  Black  Shale,  which  is  probably 
the  Devonian  limestone. 


THE  NIAGARA. 

The  principal  development  of  the  Niagara  series  in  Ken- 
tucky is  as  a bed  of  soft,  light-colored  shales,  with  very  thin 
sheets  of  limestone  intercalated  through  its  mass,  and  lying  be- 
low the  Corniferous  Limestone  and  above  the  Clinton  group.  In 
Eastern  Kentucky  this  shale  ranges  from  about  fifteen  to  twenty 
feet,  in  Garrard  and  Clark  counties,  to  a hundred  and  over  in 
Bath  and  the  counties  to  the  northeast.  Its  greatest  thickness 
seems  to  be  in  Bath,  Madison,  Fleming,  Rowan,  Powell,  Es- 
till,  Menefee,  Mason  and  Lewis  counties.  To  the  east  of  these 
the  shale  bed  thins  down  very  rapidly  and  is  replaced  by  the 
Niagara  limestones  before  reaching  the  Big  Sandy  river.  It 
outcrops,  in  varying  thickness,  from  the  Ohio  river  in  Lewis 
county  around  the  rim  of  the  Bluegrass  to  the  Ohio  river  again 
in  Jefferson  county,  and  is  recognized  in  the  wells  of  Carter, 
Bath,  Menefee,  Rowan,  Powell,  Wolfe,  Morgan,  Estill,  Rock- 
castle and  Whitley  counties.  On  the  lower  Cumberland  river 
outcrop  it  is  either  wanting  or  very  thin. 

In  Jefferson  county,  Professor  Foerste  divides  the  Niagara 
into  four  parts — the  Louisville  limestone,  the  Waldron  shale, 
the  Laurel  limestone  and  the  Osgood  shale,  the  first  at  the 
top,  and  the  last  at  the  bottom.  Under  cover,  west  and  south 
from  Louisville,  its  total  extent  is  unknown,  but  the  records 
of  wells  show  the  two  upper  members  of  the  Louisville  section 
as  probably  cut  out.  The  Niagara  shale  of  Eastern  Kentucky 
is  the  lowest  member,  or  Osgood  shale.* 


*This  is  the  shale  which  is  usually  (though  not  always)  referred  to  by  the 
late  William  Linney  as  the  Crab  Orchard  Shale,  in  his  reports  on  certain  of  the 
central  counties  of  the  State.  For  a more  detailed  discussion  of  the  Niagara 
Shales,  see  the  forthcoming  report  of  Prof.  Foerste  on  the  Clays  of  the  Silurian 
in  Kentucky. — C.  J.  N. 


38 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


The  Niagara  furnishes  no  oil  horizons,  with  one  possible  ex- 
ception, one  of  the  oil-bearing  rocks  in  Barren  county — the 
Boyd’s  Creek  sand — being  probably  referable  to  the  Laurel 
limestone  of  the  Niagara  section  at  Louisville. 

THE  CLINTON  GROUP. 

The  Clinton  group  lies  between  the  top  of  the  Lower  Silurian 
rocks  and  the  base  of  the  Niagara,  and  outcrops  on  both  the 
eastern  and  western  edges  of  the  central  Lower  Silurian  area. 
In  Eastern  Kentucky  it  consists  of  a series  of  limestones  (more 
or  less  magnesian  and  with  some  of  the  layers  carrying  chert), 
soft,  light-colored  shales  and  the  well-known  red  Clinton  iron 
ore,  though  the  latter  is  not  always  present.  Linnev  gives 
thickness  of  the  Avhole  group  as  averaging  from  35  to-  50 
feet  in  the  counties  on  the  eastern  edge.  Plate  No.  4,  taken 
on  the  L.  & E.  Railroad,  west  of  Indian  Fields,  Clark  county, 
shows  nearly  all  of  the  thickness  of  the  Clinton  Group.  The 
lower  and  upper  ledges  shown  are  magnesian  limestones,  sepa- 
rated by  a bed  of  soft,  blue  shale.  On  the  western  out- 
crop it  is  thinner  and  changed  in  character  and  can  with  diffi- 
culty be  recognized  in  the  well  records,  although  undoubtedly 
present  under  a large  area.  Along  the  Cumberland  river 
outcrop  of  the  rocks  under  the  Black  Shale,  the  Clinton  does 
not  appear  west  of  Wayne  county.  In  Eastern  Kentucky  it 
falls  rapidly  with  the  prevailing  dips  to  the  east,  and  southeast, 
probably  reaching  a depth  of  2,000  feet  at  the  Big  Sandy  river, 
and  too  deep  to  be  reached  in  the  southeastern  counties.  Its 
position  is  well  shown  in  the  records  of  wells  given  farther  on. 
Under  cover  the  Clinton  changes  in  character,  the  shales  disap- 
pearing and  the  formation  showing  mostly  as  gray  and  dove- 
colored  magnesian  and  sandy  limestones  in  Eastern  Kentucky, 
and  biue  or  light-colored  limestone  in  Western  Kentucky.* 

The  Clinton  appears  more  or  less  petroliferous  almost  every- 
where that  it  is  drilled  through,  and  no  formation  in  the  Ken- 
tucky fields  has  been  more  sought  for;  but  so  far  very  little  can 
be  credited  to  it  as  a producer.  Wells  in  Morgan  county  are 
producing  a high  grade  oil  from  a siliceous  limestone  in  the 
Clinton,  and  the  oil  horizon  of  the  Wolfe  county  wells  is,  some- 
what doubtfully,  ascribed  to  it,  but  outside  of  those  fields 
lliere  is,  as  yet,  not  much  to  be  said  in  its  favor. 

♦The  increased  thickness  of  the  Clinton  Group  in  East  Tennessee  extends 
northward  part  of  the  way  into  Kentucky  and  is  shown  in  the  deep  well  records 
of  Knox,  Whitley  and  the  southern  edge  of  Wayne  county. 


No.  4.  Clinton  on  L.  & E.  Railroad,  North  of  Indian  Fields,  Clark  County. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


39 


THE  HUDSON  GROUP. 

In  the  Hudson  group  (the  Nashville  group  of  Tennessee ) 
were  included  by  Linney  the  series  of  rocks,  mostly  limestones 
and  shales,  with  occasionally  a sandstone  or  sandy  limestone, 
beginning  at  the  top  of  the  Trenton  and  extending  up  to  the 
base  of  the  Upper  Silurian  rocks,  or  to  the  base  of  the  Niagara 
group  when  the  lower  members  of  the  Upper  Silurian  are  ab- 
sent, and,  in  places  where  all  the  Upper  Silurian  rocks  are 
gone,  as  along  the  lower  Cumberland  river,  extending  up  to 
the  base  of  the  Black  Shale.  In  the  central  parts  of  Kentucky, 
where  this  group  has  its  greatest  development,  Linney  divided 
it  in  three  parts — LTpper,  Middle  and  Lower — and  ascribed  to 
the  whole  group  a thickness  of  G50  feet.  Along  the  Cumberland 
river  the  Hudson  again  outcrops,  but  its  full  thickness  is  not 
shown  above  drainage  until  after  it  gets  across  the  Tennessee 
line,  where  it  corresponds  with  the  Nashville  group  of  Tennes- 
see, and,  according  to  Safford,  has  a thickness  of  about  450  feet. 
This  thickness  agrees  fairly  well  with  what  it  would  be  along 
the  Cumberland  river  in  Kentucky,  where  the  upper  part  of 
the  Hudson  is  gone,  and  the  whole  section,  from  the  top  of  the 
Trenton  rocks  to  the  base  of  the  Black  Shale,  including  the 
Cumberland  Sandstone,  is  composed  of  the  rocks  of  this  group, 
with  a thickness  probably  not  exceeding  about  450  feet. 

In  Southern  and  Western  Kentucky,  where  these  rocks  have 
gone  below  drainage,  not  much  is  known  of  their  character  or 
thickness,  the  line  between  the  base  of  the  Hudson  and  the  top 
of  the  Trenton  being  very  difficult  to  draw  on  such  records  as 
are  available.  In  the  northern  part  of  Pulaski,  the  group  has 
an  average  thickness  of  about  525  feet,  in  Whitley  about  650, 
in  Wayne  about  550,  and  in  Clinton  and  Cumberland  about  450. 
In  the  counties  to  the  north  and  west  of  its  Cumberland  river 
outcrop,  it  is  present  in  its  full  thickness  again.  Barren,  War- 
ren and  a portion  of  Russell  giving  a thickness  of  from  650  to 
700  feet  for  this  group.  In  the  remaining  portions  of  Western 
Kentucky  there  are  as  yet  no  records  available,  and  the  char- 
acter of  this  group  is  therefore  practically  unknown.  Under 
the  Western  Coal-fields,  very  deep  drilling  would  be  necessary 
to  reach  it,  except  possibly  at  places  along  the  axis  of  the 
Rough  creek  anticlinal. 


40 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


Tlie  Hudson  is  the  source  of  some  very  persistent  oil  hori- 
zons, as,  for  instance,  the  Caney  sand  of  Wolfe,  Morgan,  etc., 
and  the  upper  Sunnybrook  of  the  Wayne  district.  The  shallow 
wells  drilled  a number  of  years  back  in  Bourbon  county,  near 
Plum  Lick  and  Middletown,  which  produced  some  quantities 
of  heavy  lubricating  oil,  are  ascribed  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
Hudson,  and  numerous  wells  which  have  been  drilled  into  and 
through  these  rocks  at  various  places  have  given  shows  of  oil 
and  gas,  as  in  Clinton  and  Barren  counties  and  the  shallow 
sands  of  Cumberland  county. 

TRENTON  GROUP — TRENTON,  BIRDSEYE,  CHAZY,  KNOX  DOLOMITE. 

In  the  Trenton  group  are  here  included  all  the  rocks  (mostly 
limestones)  exposed  in  Kentucky  from  the  top  of  the  Trenton 
limestones  proper,  near  Lexington,  down  through  these  Trenton 
limestones,  the  Birdseye  limestones  and  the  Chazy  limestones 
exposed  on  the'  Kentucky  river  at  and  above  High  Bridge,  these 
latter  (Chazy)  limestones  constituting  the  lowest  or  oldest  sed- 
imentary rocks  exposed  in  the  State.  In  addition,  the  group 
will  include  the  portion  of  the  Chazy  which  is  under  drainage 
on  the  Kentucky  river  and  above  the  top  o.f  the  Calciferous, 
and,  in  a part  of  the  State,  certain  lower  rocks  between  the 
Chazy  and  Calciferous,  as  mentioned  later  on.  The  total  ver- 
tical thickness  of  the  section,  from  low  water  in  the  Kentucky 
river  at  Camp  Nelson  to  the  top  of  the  Trenton  near  Lexington, 
would  be  about  600  to  650  feet.  The  section  would  be: 


Feet. 

Upper  beds — Bluegrass  limestones 200  to  255 

Birdseye  and  Magnesian  limestones 110 

Chazy  limestones  ’ 285 


600  to  650 

How  much  thickness  is  to  be  added  to  this,  to  include  the 
rocks  below  the  exposed  portion  of  the  Chazy  limestone  down 
to  the  Calciferous,  the  next  lower  formation  below  the  Trenton 
group  in  Central  and  Northern  Kentucky,  can  not  be  given 
with  accuracy  at  present,  but  it  will  probably  not  exceed  150 
feet,  if  it  be  that  much.  Taking  it  at  150  feet  would  make 
the  Chazy  435  feet,  and  the  whole  Trenton  group  about  800 
feet,  which  agrees  very  closely  with  the  thickness  shown  in 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


41 


wells  in  Central  Kentucky.  The  upper  beds  of  the  Trenton 
group  form  the  surface  rocks  of  Central  Kentucky;*  dipping 
rapidly  to.  the  east  and  west,  they  soon  disappear  from  view 
and  are  to  be  found  at  increasing  depths  as  the  distance  from 
the  central  portion  increases.  At  Lexington,  the  top  of  the 
Trenton  is  at  an  elevation  of  about  1,000  feet  above  sea.  At 
Cincinnati  it  is  about  at  low  water  in  the  river,  at  Louisville 
about  750  feet  below  the  surface,  and  at  Owensboro  probably 
3,500  feet  below.  Going  east  from  Cincinnati  the  Trenton  rises 
for  some  distance,  but  the  dip  then  reverses,  the  top  o.f  the 
Trenton  at  Ironton,  on  the  Ohio  river  opposite  Ashland,  being 
given  by  Orton  as  3,442  feet  below  the  surface;  in  the  south- 
eastern  part  of  the  State  it  would  be,  roughly,  from  2,500  to 
3,000  feet  down.  The  lower  and  middle  members,  of  the  Trenton 
group,  (the  Birdseye  and  Chazy  limestones),  are  seen  partly 
above  drainage  along  the  Kentucky  river,  but  nowhere  else 
in  the  State.  The  Birdseye  will  average  a little  over  100  feet 
in  thickness  (including  the  magnesian  beds),  and  the  Chazy 
about  450,  in  Central  Kentucky.  Composed  mostly  of  differ- 
ent shades  of  mottled  and  dove-colored  limestones,  the  two  to- 
gether are  readily  distinguished,  in  the  drillings,  by  the  abrupt 
change  from  the  gray  limestones  of  the  upper  beds,  but  can  not 
so  easily  be  distinguished  from  each  other,  the  separation  of 
the  two.  not  being  a matter  of  much  importance  to  the  driller 
anyway.  The  characteristic  color  of  these  limestones  is  very 
persistent  and  shows  plainly  in  all  wells  drilled  deep  enough 
to  reach  them  in  Central  Kentucky,  as  far  north  as  Cincinnati 
and  as  far  south  as  Pulaski  and  Wayne  counties;  and  in  Estill 
county  to  the  east  and  Cumberland  county  to  the  southwest. 
The  top  of  the  Birdseye  seems  to  be  marked,  over  a large  area 
in  Kentucky,  by  a bed  of  light  green  shale  from  three  to  ten 
feet  thick.  Drillings  from  a deep  well  in  Estill  county  show 
it  there  as  a light  green,  shaly  sand.  It  shows  above  the  Birds- 
eye at  High  Bridge  as  a light  green  clay,  and  in  the  Wayne 
county  field  as  a white  clay.  In  the  wells  of  the  Cumberland 
county  fields,  a light  green  shale — the  so-called  “green  pencil 
cave”  of  the  drillers — may  possibly  be  at  this  horizon.  The  base 
of  the  Trenton  group  is  marked,  generally,  by  an  abrupt  change 
from  the  limestones  and  dolomites  to  a fine-grained,  white,  cal- 


See  map  No.  2 accompanying-  this  report. 


42 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


ciferous  rock,  with  often  a bed  of  very  hard,  greenish-white 
sandstone  or  quartzite  at  the  to.p. 

In  the  counties  bordering  on  the  Tennessee  line  and  the  Cum- 
berland river,  the  thickness  and  character  of  the  rocks  compos- 
ing the  lower  part  of  the  Trenton  group  changes,  and  they  more 
nearly  resemble  the  section  of  the  same  group  in  the  central 
basin  of  Tennessee,  as  they  approach  the  State  line.  In  Eastern 
Tennessee  there  is  a great  development  of  limestones,  dolomites 
and  shales  over  a sandstone,  the  three  forming  what  is  there 
known  as  the  Knox  group;  the  upper  member  of  this,  com- 
posed mostly  of  dolomites  and  limestones,  is  the  Knox  Dolo- 
mite of  Safford.  These  East  Tennessee  rocks  thin  very  rapidly 
to  the  north  and  northwest,  and  the  shales  become  calcareous, 
but  the  Knox  Dolomite,  showing  as  light  and  dark  gray  and 
very  dark  limestones  and  dolomites,  is  still  present  under  the 
surface  rocks  of  Western  Tennessee,  and,  coming  northward, 
crosses  the  line  into  Kentucky  and  is  present,  but  in  rapidly 
reducing  thickness,  in  the  counties  bordering  on  the  State  line 
and  possibly  a little  farther  north.  The  Knox  Dolomite  belongs 
above  the  Calciferous  in  the  vertical  section  and  part  of  it  at 
least,  if  not  all,  in  the  rocks  of  the  Trenton  period  (Safford 
describing  the  fossils  of  the  Knox  in  Tennessee  as  interming- 
ling with  those  of  the  higher  rocks,  with  no  possibility  of  a line 
between  them),  and  its  presence  in  Southern  Kentucky,  as  dem- 
onstrated by  well  records,  adds  an  additional  thickness  there 
to  the  section  of  the  rocks  of  the  Trenton  period  as  given  above 
for  Central  Kentucky.  In  Wayne  county,  the  total  thickness 
of  rocks  between  the  Black  Shale  and  the  Calciferous  is  about 
1,600  feet;  the  Hudson  is  about  550  feet,  and  the  Trenton,  Birds- 
eye and  Chazy  about  800,  making  1,350  feet  in  all,  thus  leaving 
225  to  250  feet  of  rocks — dark  magnesian  limestones — below 
the  base  of  the  Chazy  and  above  the  Calciferous,  and  represent- 
ing the  thinning  Knox  Dolomite  in  that  section.  How  far 
north  of  Wayne  county  these  lower  rocks  extend  can  not  be 
told  at  present,  but  probably  not  far,  as  they  are  thinning  rap- 
idly to  the  north  and  are  gone  before  they  reach  Central  Ken- 
tucky. In  Bussell  county,  the  total  thickness  between  the  Black 
Shale  and  the  Calciferous  is  again  about  1,600  feet,  and  the 
thickness  of  the  whole  Trenton  group  (including  the  rocks 
under  the  Chazy)  is  about  930  feet.  The  lowest  rocks 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


43 


are  there  beginning  to  show  a change  in  character 
which  becomes  still  more  pronounced  to  the  west  and  along 
the  lower  Cumberland  river,  agreeing  more  closely  with  the 
outcrop  of  the  lowest  rocks  of  the  Trenton  group  in  the  cen- 
tral basin  of  Tennessee.  In  the  reports  on  Tennessee',  Salford 
gives  the  exposed  portion  of  the  Trenton  group  in  the  central 
basin  as  about  550  feet  thick — probably  the  whole  group  in- 
cluding what  is  below  drainage — not  more  than  650  feet  at 
the  most,  if  that  much,  and  the  Knox  Dolomite  underlying  that. 
In  Russell  county  records  the  rocks  of  the  Trenton  group  have 
not  thinned  down  that  much,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  lower 
92  feet,  at  least,  shown  in  the  record,  belong  to  the  Knox  Dol- 
omite, although  the  line  between  the  Knox  and  Chazv  is  very 
hard  to  draw  in  all  these  lower  counties.  Deep  wells  in  Bar- 
ren county  also  show  the  character  of  these  lower  rocks,  but 
do  not  go  deep  enough  to  go  through  them.  In,  the  Bowling- 
Green  well  a ten-foot  bed  of  characteristic  dove-colored  lime- 
stone shows  at  900  feet  below  the  Black  Shale  and  marks  the 
top  of  the  Birdseye,  but  the  limestones  below  that  have  changed 
completely  in  character.  The  well  does  not  go  deep  enough  to 
much  more  than  go  through  the  Birdseye1,  but  the  change  is 
so  great  that  the  base  of  the  Birdseye  can  not  be  given.  In 
the  Cumberland  county  wells,  which  all  start  in  the  Hudson 
(which  is  there  only  about  400  feet  thick),  and  have  their  depth 
entirely  in  Hudson  and  Trenton  rocks,  the  change  in  character 
and  thickness  of  the  lower  part  of  the  rooks  of  the  Trenton 
group  is  still  more  pronounced.  The  records  show  a long  list 
of  limestones,  of  varying  color  and  hardness,  a green  “pencil 
cave”  being  the  most  constant  feature  found.  This  “pencil 
cave^  is  about  700  feet  below  the  base  of  the  Black  Shale  and 
possibly  marks  the  top  of  the  Birdseye  limestone.  Two  records 
are  given  which  show  1,000  feet  of  rocks  below  the  pencil  cave 
(making  about  1,700  feet  below  the  Black  Shale)  and  the  bot- 
tom still  in  limestone.  When  it  is  considered  that  the  Hudson 
here  is  probably  not  more  than  450  feet  thick,  it  is  apparent 
that  there  have  been  about  1,250  feet  of  limestones  drilled 
through  below  the  top  of  the  Trenton  (with  an  oil-sand  nearly 
1,000  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Trenton),  and  the  base  of  the 
limestone  series  still  not  reached.  The  Trenton  group  in  Cen- 
tral Kentucky  (where  the  Knox  Dolomite  is  gone)  is  about  800 


44 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


feet  thick,  the  increased  thickness  of  over  500  feet  here  appar- 
ently belonging  to  the  Knox  Dolomite,  which  outcrops  farther 
to  the  southwest  in  Tennessee.  The  exact  lines  here  between 
the  base  of  the  Chazy  and  the  top  of  the  Knox  can  not  be  drawn 
in  the  records.  Much  of  the  trouble  in  distinguishing  these 
lines  may  be  due  to  descriptions  given  by  different  drillers 
and  may  be  entirely  cleared  up  when  samples  of  the  drillings 
from  this  field  are  available.  Such  drillings  as  have  been  saved 
show  the  Birdseye  and  Chazy  limestones  as  practically  un- 
changed in  character  from  what  they  show  in  Central  Ken- 
tucky. 

The  Trenton  limestones  have  been  the  source  of  enormous 
supplies  of  oil  and  gas  in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  but,  until  recently, 
have  not  been  productive  in  Kentucky  (unless  the  oil  from 
some  of  the  old  Cumberland  river  wells  came  from  the  Tren- 
ton), although  it  can  not  be  said  that  they  have  been  tested  in 
many  places.  More  recently,  however,  wells  in  Wayne  county 
have  produced  oil  from  the  lower  Sunnybrook  sand,  at  a depth 
of  about  550  to  600  feet  below  the  Black  Shale,  which  must  come 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  Trenton,  and  in  Clinton  and  Barren 
counties  some  oil  and  gas  has  been  found  at  about  the  same 
place  and  still  farther  down,  while  in  Cumberland  county  a 
number  of  good  producing  wells  have  been  recently  drilled, 
striking  the  oil  at  several  different  horizons,  all  of  which  (with 
the  exception  of  the  most  shallow  horizons  in  a few  of  the  wells, 
which  were  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Hudson)  were  in  the  Tren- 
ton group.  Judging  from  the  results  in  the  above-mentioned 
counties,  it  may  reasonably  be  expected  to  find  productive  ter- 
ritory in  the  rocks  of  the  Trenton  group,  not  only  in  other  parts 
of  these  counties,  but  also  in  other  counties  bordering  on  the 
Cumberland  river  as  well,  and  possibly  in  other  parts  of  the 
State  where  the  Trenton  may  be  within  reaching  distance  and 
other  conditions  favorable. 

THE  CALCIFEROUS. 


Immediately  below  the  Trenton  group  in  this  State  is  found 
a fine  grained,  white,  porous,  sandy  limestone,  with  sometimes 
a hard,  greenish- white  sandstone  or  quartzite  at  the  top.  It 
has  been  drilled  into  at  a number  of  points,  always  showing 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


46 


approximately  the  same  characteristics.  Its  thickness,  as  shown 
by  a well  at  Frankfort,  is  not  less  than  TOO  feet.  The  Cal- 
ciferous  has  nearly  always,  when  drilled  into  in  Kentucky, 
proved  the  source  of  strong  brines  and  mineral  waters,  the  “Blue 
Lick”  water  of  Central  Kentucky  being  ascribed  to  this  for- 
mation, and  the  water  from  the  St.  Patrick  well  at  Louisville 
probably  coming  from  it  also.  Nowhere  in  Kentucky,  so  far 
as  known,  with  the  exception  of  a well  on  White  Oak  creek  in 
Estill  county,  has  the  Caiciferous  given  definite  promise  as  a 
producer  of  oil  or  gas,  and  in  the  light  of  present  development 
the  prospect  for  any  from  this  formation  seems  very  small; 
at  the  same  time,  older  rocks  have  produced  gas  (a  flow  from 
a well  in  New  York  being  credited  to  the  Potsdam  sandstone), 
and  the  facts  that  these  rocks  are  porous  and  carry  brines, 
would  go  to  prove  that  accumulations  of  gas  and  oil  in  them 
are  not  a matter  of  impossibility. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


The  Oil  Sands  Corresponding  to  the  Different 
Formations. 


The  Conglomerate  Series. 

BEAVER,  HORTON,  PIKE  AND  SALT  SANDS. 

In  Floyd,  Knott,  Pike  aud  Martin  counties  considerable  drill- 
ing has  been  done,  and  the  Conglomerate  series  shown  to  be 
strongly  developed,  averaging  from  600  to  1,000  feet  in  thick- 
ness and  consisting  of  a series  of  alternating  sandstones,  shales 
and  slates,  with  some  included  coals.  These  beds  of  sand  and 
shale  are  quite  variable  in  number  and  thickness,  the  sands,  es- 
pecially, changing  rapidly  in  thickness  or  breaking  up  by  the 
intervention  of  beds  of  shale ; but  the  drill  has  developed  four 
well-marked  and  fairly  persistent  sands,  which  have  been  given 
local  names  of  Beaver,  Horton,  Pike  and  Salt  sands,  all  of 
them  producing,  in  places,  either  oil,  gas  or  salt  water.  In  this 


46 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Conglomerate  series  is  found  the  oil  field  of  Floyd  and  Knott 
counties,  producing  the  Whitehouse  oil,  which  is  piped  to  mar- 
ket and  has  heretofore  commanded  a higher  price  than  any 
other  Kentucky  oil.  This  Conglomerate  group  is  so  variable 
and  changes  so  rapidly  in  a short  distance,  that  any  detailed 
description  of  these  sands  can  hardly  be  given.  The  records 
of  drilled  wells-,  given  later  on,  will  show  more  clearly  their 
order  and  thickness. 


WAGES,  JONES  AND  EPPERSON  SANDS. 

In  Knox  and  Whitley  counties  the  Conglomerate  measures 
average  about  800  to  900  feet  thick  and  present  about  the  same 
characteristics  as  in  Floyd,  Knott,  Pike  and  Martin,  with  the 
exception  that  the  sands  are  much  closer  to  the  surface  and 
seem  to  be  somewhat  more  broken  by  intervening  beds  of  slate. 
Three  sands  have  been  developed  as  producers,  the  Wages, 
Jones  and  Epperson,  with  a fourth  lower  dowTn  shown  in  some 
Avells,  but  not  named.  These  four  sands  correspond  approxi- 
mately with  the  four  previously  described  in  the  Floyd  and 
Knott  field.  In  Knox  considerable  confusion  has  been  caused 
by  the  manner  in  which  the  sands  are  frequently  cut  out,  and  it 
is  quite  probable  that  the  sands  themselves  have  often  been 
mistaken,  the  one  for  the  other,  by  the  drillers-.  Most  of  the 
drilling  in  Knox  has  been  to  these  shallow  sands  and  it  can  not 
be  said  that  the  prospect  for  long-lived  wrells  in  these  sands 
is  very  flattering.  A few7  deeper  wells  have  been  drilled,  but 
records  of  most  of  them  are  not  available.  A record  of  a deep 
well  at  Gray’s  Station  is  given  and  enough  other  records  to 
show  the  average  section  and  the  positions  of  the  sands. 


Waverly  Group. 


BIG  INJUN,  KEENER  AND  SQUAW  SANDS. 

The  Big  Injun  group  lies  directly  under  the  Maun  tan  Lime- 
stone and  generally  separated  from  it  by  a thin  bed  of  slate. 
In  its  full  development  it  would  show7  as  follow's: 

Mountain  Lime — St.  Louis  L.  S.  Group. 


Slate, 

Sand Keener, 

Slate, 

Sand Big  Injun, 

Slate, 

Sand Squaw, 


„ Big  Injun  Group. 

J 


No,  5.  Big  Injun  Sand  on  Brush  creek, ,L.  & N.  Railroad,  Rockcastle  County. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


47 


The  members  of  the  Big  Injun  group  vary  very 
considerably,  both  in  thickness  and  character,  and  one 
or  more  of  them  are  generally  absent,  the  full  group 
as  represented  above  rarely  showing.  When  separated, 
the  first  sand  at  the  top  becomes  the  Keener,  the 
second  sand  the  Big  Injun,  and  the  third,  or  bottom  sand, 
the  Squaw,  of  the  Ohio  and  West  Virginia  fields.  In  Ken- 
tucky the  Big  Injun  has  been  definitely  recognized  in  Pike  and 
Martin  counties,  where  it  is  a source  of  gas  in  large  quantities, 
and  in  Magoffin,  Johnson,  Knox  and  Whitley  counties.  In  a 
well  near  Barboursville,  in  Knox  county,  it  gave  a large  dew 
of  gas  at  about  1,400  feet.  In  Whitley  county  it  shows  in  the 
well  records  at  about  1,300  feet,  and  in  Rockcastle  county  can 
be  seen  in  outcrop  along  the  L.  & N.  R.  R.  a few  miles  north 
of  Livingston.  Plate  No.  5,  taken  at  Brush  Creek,  on  the  L. 
& N.  Railroad,  north  of  Livingston,  Rockcastle  county, 
shows  the  full  thickness  (about  30  feet)  of  the  Big 
Injun  on  outcrop.  Plate  No.  6 gives  an  enlarged 
view  of  the  heavy  sandstone  ledge  at  the  base.  The 
group  there  consists  of  the  above-mentioned  heavy 
ledge  at  the  base,  with  thinner  sandstone  ledges  above  and  a 
yellow,  limy  sandstone  at  the  top.  The  whole  group  is  sepa- 
rated from  the  overlying  St.  Louis  by  about  40  feet  of  material, 
part  of  which  is  slate  and  part  covered.  At  the  base  of  the 
group  is  a soft  shale.  It  would  seem  from  the  records  of  drilled 
wells  that  the  Big  Injun  will  be  found,  of  varying  thickness,  but 
always  present,  in  the  counties  above  named  and  probably  also 
in  all  the  counties  south  of  a line  roughly  drawn  from  the 
northern  part  of  Martin  county,  to  Mt.  Vernon,  in  Rockcastle 
county,  and  as  far  west  as  the  southern  part  of  Wayne  and 
Clinton  counties.  Its  position  in  the  wells  in  the  above  counties 
will  be  shown  later  on  in  the  records  given  of  wells  drilled  in 
those  counties. 

In  this  connection  it  might  be  well  to  mention  a sand  which 
is  found  in  Carter,  Boyd,  Rowan,  Morgan  and  possibly  some 
other  adjoining  counties,  which  comes  a little  lower  down  in  the 
Waverly — farther  below  the  St.  Louis  limestone  than  the  Big 
Injun  should  be1 — which  nearly  always  shows  more  or  less  oil, 
gas  or  salt  water,  and  may  possibly  represent  the  Big  Injun 
in  those  counties.  In  Boyd  county  wells  this  sandstone  gave 
gas  and  salt  water;  in  Morgan  county  it  gave  oil  shows  over 


48 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


a vertical  distance  of  150  feet,  and  at  the  same  horizon  in 
Breathitt  county,  a strong  flow  of  salt  water.  It  can  be  seen 
in  outcrop  near  Gates  on  the  C.  & O.  R.  R.,  in  Rowan  county. 
If  not  the  Big  Injun  sand,  it  is  not  far  below  it  in  position 
and  is  certainly  well  worth  watching  in  any  drilling  done  where 
it  is  under  cover. 


THE  CLOVERPORT  GAS  SAND. 

Detailed  descriptions  of  the  Cloverport  gas  field  are  given  in 
reports  of  the  Kentucky  Geological  Survey  on  the  “Geology 
of  Breckenridge  County”  and  on  “Petroleum,  Gas,  Etc.,  in 
Western  Kentucky.”  The  gas  “sand”  is  an  open,  porous,  dark 
gray  limestone  about  fifteen  feet  thick,  found  in  the  Keokuk 
division  of  the  Waverly  group,  at  a depth  of  872  feet  below 
the  surface.  It  corresponds  very  closely  in  position  to  the  gas- 
bearing rocks  of  Warren  county  described  in  Dr.  Orton’s  report 
cited  herein,  and  has  proved  to  be  the  source  of  a rather 
long-lived  field  at  Cloverport.  Comparatively  little  drilling 
has  been  done  in  the  counties  of  Western  Kentucky,  where 
this  sand  is  to  be  found  under  cover  and  at  a moderate  depth, 
and  future  work  along  the  lines  of  some  of  the  numerous  folds 
which  are  to  be  found  there  may  yet  develop  important  fields 
from  this  horizon. 

THE  BEREA  GRIT. 

The  Berea  Grit,  next  to  the  Trenton  limestone,  has  proved 
to  be  the  most  productive  oil  sand  in  Ohio.,  but  has  not  been 
tested  to  any  great  extent  in  the  Kentucky  fields.  It  is  the 
first  heavy  sandstone  lying  above  the  Devonian  shales,  and, 
under  cover,  extends  over  a large  territory  in  Ohio,  Kentucky 
and  West  Virginia.  Under  cover,  it  is  nearly  always  the  source 
of  more  or  less  oil,  gas  or  salt  water,  while,  on  outcrop  it  gives 
valuable  quarries  of  building  stones  and  flagstones',  the  well- 
known  Rowan  county  freestone  quarries  along  the  C.  & O.  Rail- 
road being  in  this  formation.  Plate  No.  7,  taken  at  one  of  the 
quarries  near  Farmer’s,  Rowan  county,  shows  these  ledges  of 
freestone.  As  exposed  there,  the  Berea  lies  just  above  the  Black 
Shale  and  consists  of  ledges  of  fine-grained  sandstone  of  dif- 
ferent thicknesses,  the  ledges  separated  by  thin  beds  of  shale 
and  quarrying  with  great  regularity.  Over  the  Berea  Grit 


No.  6.  Heavy  ledge  at  base  of  Big  Injun  Sand  in  Rockcastle  County. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


49 


lies  a bed  of  very  black  shale,  the  Berea  Shale,  averaging  about 
ten  feet  in  thickness  and  strongly  resembling  the  Devonian 
Black  Shale.  This  black  Berea  Shale  forms  a valuable  land- 
mark to  the  driller,  drilling  very  black  and  soft,  the  Berea 
Grit  coming  just  beneath  it  and  between  it  and  the  Devonian 
Black  Shale.  The  Berea  Grit  crosses  the  Ohio  river  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Lewis  county,  and  outcrops  in  an  irregular  line 
as  far  south  as  Powell  county,  beyond  which  point  it  may 
still  occur,  but  has  not  been  seen.*  The  following  section  of  the 
rocks  in  Lewis  county  shows  its  position  and  thickness  there: 


Thick- 

ness. 

Thin,  shaly  sandstones  to  top  of  hill.  190 

“Buena  Vista”  building  stones 140 

Red  and  green  shales 15 

Covered  (shales  and  thin  S.  S.’s)....  30 

Black  Berea  STiale 10  to  15 

Berea  Grit  (“Rowan  County  Stone”). . 75 

Covered  10 

Gray  clay  shales 15 

Black  shale  40 

Light  dove-colored  and  light-green 

shales  40 

Black  shale  170 

Magnesian  limestones  50 

Light-colored  shales  about  100 


Total 

Height. 

885 


Geological  Formation. 


695 
555 
540 

510  fWaverly. 

500 
425 
415 
400") 

^-Devonian  Shales. 
320  J 

j Corniferous  and 
( Upper  Silurian. 
100  Niagara  Shale. 


150 


In  Rowan  county  the  Berea  Grit  is  the  freestone  which  is 
quarried  on  the  C.  & O.  R.  R.  at  Farmer,  Freestone  and  Rock- 
ville. At  Farmer  the  Black  Shale  shows  with  its.  base  just  about 
at  the  river  and  the  Berea  is  in  the  quarry  on  top  of  the  hill ; 
going  east,  the  quarries  get  closer  down  to  the  railroad  with 
the  southeasterly  dip  of  the  rocks,  the  Black  Shale  going  be- 
neath drainage  about  half  way  between  Farmer  and  Morehead; 
while  the  top  of  the  Berea,  with  the  overlying  Berea  shale,  goes 
under  at  a point  about  two  miles  west  of  Morehead,  to  be  suc- 
ceeded by  the  ledges  of  the  overlying  Buena  Vista  between  that 
point  and  Morehead. 

West  of  the  Licking  river  the  Berea  Grit  has  almost  entirely 
disappeared.  To  the  south  it  shows,  very  thin  and  patchy, 
along  the  L.  & E.  Railroad,  above  Clay  City,  but  was  not  seen  at 
all  in  Estill  county,  and  that  may  prove  to  be  its  extreme 
southern  limit.  It  is  interesting  to  note,  at  this  point,  that  the 


♦See  map  No.  2 accompanying  this  report. 


50 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Beaver  and  Cooper  sands  of  Wayne  county  are  found  at  just 
about  the  same  place  in  the  section  as  the  Berea  Grit  is  farther 
north,  and  that  through  all  the  southern  tier  of  Kentucky  coun- 
ties, as  far  west  as  the  southern  edge  of  Wayne  county,  and  also 
in  the  northern  counties  of  Tennessee,  as  far  as  Fentress  coun- 
ty, an  oil-bearing  horizon  is  found  at  about  the  same  place. 

Under  cover,  the  Berea  Grit  will  be  found  in  all  the  counties 
east  of  an  irregular  line  drawn  from  the  mouth  of  Kinniconick 
creek  in  Lewis  county  to  Torrent  on  the  L.  & E.  Railroad,  and 
north  of  a line  from  Campton  to  Prestonsburg  on  the  Big  Sandy 
river,  but  at  increasing  depths  in  proportion  to  its  distance  to 
the  east.  In  the  counties  farther  south  it  is  probably  not  pres- 
ent, although  but  little  drilling  has  been  done  to  test  it.  In  the 
extreme  eastern  and  southeastern  counties  of  the  State  the 
Berea  if  present,  would  be  at  a considerable  depth,  owing  to  the 
increased  thickness  of  the  Conglomerate  series  and  the  dip  of 
the  rocks.  Its  position  will  be  shown  in  records,  given  farther 
on,  of  Avells  at  Portsmouth  and  Ironton,  Ohio,  and  in  Boyd, 
Carter,  Lawrence,  Rowan,  Morgan  and  Martin  counties. 

The  Berea  in  Kentucky  is  of  closer,  finer  grain  than  in  Ohio, 
but  wherever  drilled  through,  shows  more  or  less  gas  or  oil, 
and  as  drilling  progresses  in  the  eastern  counties,  may  prove 
to  possess  valuable  oil  fields  within  its  limits. 

The  Devonian. 

THE  BLACK  SHALE. 

The  Black  Shale,  wherever  tested  under  cover,  carries  a large 
percentage  of  oil  disseminated  through  it  and  furnishes  the  oil 
for  numerous  oil  springs  along  its  outcrop.  When  drilled 
through,  it  often  gives  shows  of  oil  and  gas  all  the  way  through 
it,  especially  at  points  where  a hard  layer  in  the  shale  forms 
a cap  or  shell.  In  other  States  it  has  been  found  to  be  a reser- 
voir for  low-pressure  gas  in  moderate  quantities,  but  in  Ken- 
tucky it  has,  so  far,  with  but  one  notable  exception,  given 
neither  gas  nor  oil  in  large  amounts.  The  structure  of  the 
shale  itself  is  not  favorable  for  the  accumulation  of  oil  in  reser- 
voirs unless  somewhere  a sandstone  should  be  found  imbedded 
in  it. 

The  exception  above  referred  to  is  the  well-known  Meade 
county  field,  where  gas  was  found  in  the  Black  Shale  and  piped 
to  Louisville.  The  gas  there  seems  to  be  in  direct  contact  with 


No.  7.  Berea  Sandstone  in  quarry  near  Farmers,  Rowan  County. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


61 


salt  water,  little  or  no  oil  coming  in  the  wells.  A detailed  de- 
scription of  this1  field  is  given  in  a report  on  the  geology  of 
Meade  county,  by  Dr.  Loughridge,  Kentucky  Geological  Sur- 
vey.* 


THE  RAGLAND  SAND. 

The  general  features  of  the  Corniferous  Limestone  and  its 
approximate  line  of  outcrop  have  already  been  given  on  a pre- 
ceding page.  Its  importance  in  this  State  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  it  is  the  source  of  a large  supply  of  gas  in  one  field  (the 
Menefee  county  field)  and  of  the  oil  in  two.  well-developed  oil 
fields — the  Ragland  field  in  Bath  county  and  the  Estiil  county 
field,  near  Irvine,  and  that  it  may,  under  cover,  develop  more  in 
the  future.  Much  confusion  among  operators  and  drillers  has 
been  caused  by  the  identification  of  the  Ragland  sand  as  Clin- 
ton when  the  Bath  county  field  was  being  developed.  Since  that 
identification,  much  drilling  has  been  done  in  Eastern  Ken- 
tucky in  search  of  the  Clinton  sand,  supposing  it  to  be  the  same 
as  the  Ragland,  whereas  the  two  are  entirely  different  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a mass  of  soft,  light-colored  shales 
— the  Niagara  shales — with  sometimes  the  Niagara  limestone 
also  showing  on  top  of  the  shales.  In  the  Bath  county  field 
records  of  veils,  in  almost  every  instance,  showed  a bed  of 
what  the  drillers  called  soft  white  “fire-clay,”  averaging  six  to 
eight  feet  in  thickness,  near  the  base  of  the  Devonian  Black 
Shale  and  but  a short  distance  above  the  oil-sand.  This  white 
clay  was  taken  to  be  the  Niagara  shales  cut  down  in  thickness, 
and  the  underlying  oil  rock,  which  was  a limestone,  to.  be  the 
next  limestone  in  the  descending  order  or  Clinton.  As  a matter 
of  fact,  the  Niagara  shales  have  thickened  considerably  there 
instead  of  being  cut  down,  showing  a thickness  of  about  125 
feet,  on  outcrop  only  a few  miles  away.  The  fact  that  the  De- 
vonian Black  Shale  often  contains  beds  of  soft,  nearly  white 
shale,  not  only  near  the  base  but  higher  up  in  the  section  as 
well,  and  the  additional  fact  that  wherever  the  white  “fire- 
clay” was  drilled  through  in  the  wells,  the  drillers  reported  im- 
mediately under  it  and  between  it  and  the  oil  rock,  about  ten 
feet  of  dark  brown  shale,  was  entirely  overlooked,  and  the  oil 

*This  report,  which  was  prepared  during1  the  administration  of  the  late  John 
R.  Procter,  has  not  yet  been  published.  It  will  be  brought  to  date  and  sent  to 
press  within  a few  months. — C.  J.  N. 


62 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


rock  called  Clinton  when  it  should  have  been  classed  as  Cornif- 
erous.  An  average  record  of  the  Avells  in  Bath  county  taken 
from  the  records  of  about  fifty  wells  would  be  about  as  follows : 


Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  .... 
White  “fire  clay” 
Brown  shale  . . . 

Oil  sand  


Thick- 
ness. Depth. 
.20  20  ) 

.167  187  J 

.205  392S 

.8  400 

. 12  412  J 

. 14  426  i 


Formation. 

Waverly. 

Devonian  Shales. 

Devonian — Cornifer- 
ous  L.  S. 


A section  taken  on  the  outcrop  about  eight  miles  northwest 
of  the  Ragland  field,  and  starting  on  the  Clinton  iron  ore  and 
going  up  into  the  Waverly,  gave : 


Thick-  Total 
ness.  Height. 

Shales  and  sands  to  top  of  hill ..  430 

Gray  sands  and  shales 55  417 

Sand  ledge  2 362 

Gray  shales  25  360 

Hard  sand  ledge 6" 

Soft  black  shale 15  335 

White  clay  shale 10  320 

Black  shale  35  310 

White  and  gray  clay  shale 10  275 

Black  and  brown  shales 110  265 

White  clay  shales about  5 155 

Dark-brown  shale 10  150 

White  clay  shale 2'  140 

Corniferous  limestone  4 138 

Niagara  shales  about  125  134 

Clinton  limestones  and  shales 9 9 

Top  of  Clinton  iron  ore 0 


Formation. 


1 

^ Waverly. 


r”  Devonian  Shales. 


Corniferous. 

Niagara. 

j-  Clinton. 


On  this  outcrop  the  Corniferous  has  begun  to  thin 
down  (as  mentioned  under  heading  of  “Corniferous” 
on  a preceding  page),  showing  and  disappearing 
again,  from  the  C.  & O.  Railroad  north  to  the 

Ohio  river  and  across  to  Highland  county,  Ohio.  The  section 
shows  too.  plainly  for  any  doubt,  that  the  bed  of  white  “fire- 
clay” of  the  drillers  was  the  bed  at  150  to  155  in  the  above 
section,  underlaid  in  the  wells  as  in  the  section  by  ten  to  twelve 
feet  of  brown  Devonian  shale,  and  that  the  oil  rock  under  that 
was  the  Corniferous  limestone.  As  additional  evidence  that 
the  Ragland  sand  is  Corniferous  and  not  Clinton,  attention 
is  called  to  records  of  wells  drilled  in  the  Bath  county  field 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SuiiVEY. 


53 


through  the  Niagara  and  down  to  lower  depths.  These  records 
will  be  given  later  on  under  Bath  county  wells  and  they  show 
not  only  the  “fire-clay”  with  the  brown  shale  under  it>  and  the 
Bagland  sand  (Corniferous)  under  that,  but  also  the  Niagara 
shales  under  the  Ragland  and  developed  to  an  unusual  thick- 
ness. 

Estill  County  Field. — In  the  field,  near  Irvine,  the  majority 
of  the  wells  start  below  the  Waverly  in  the  Black  Shale  itself, 
and  strike  the  oil-rock  at  depths  o.f  from  70  to  90  feet.  The 
white  shale  (white  fire-clay  of  the  drillers)  shows  in  places 
near  the  base  of  the  Black  Shale  and  above  the  oil  rock,  as  at 
Ragland,  and  in  other  parts  of  the  field  is  cut  out.  The  oil  rock 
is  the  Corniferous  and  shows  in  outcrop  about  a mile  west  of 
the  oil  field,  along  the  railroad  and  in  the  town  of  Irvine,  un- 
derlaid by  the  Niagara  shales  in  considerable  thickness,  prob- 
ably 75  to  85  feet  of  the  latter  showing  in  a drain  between,  the 
railroad  depot  and  Irvine.  In  the  wells  a white  limestone  carry- 
ing fresh  water  is  reported  directly  under  the  oil  rock.  An 
examination  of  the  outcrop  proved  this  to  be  the  bottom  ledge 
of  the  Corniferous.  (As  explained  on  a preceding  page,  by 
Corniferous  here  is  meant  the  whole  limestone  formation  from 
the  top  of  the  Niagara  shale  to  the  base  of  the  Black  Shale.  The 
lower  two  or  three  ledges  may  belong  to  the  “Water  Lime”  of 
Ohio,  and  the  Niagara  limestone,  below  the  Corniferous  proper.) 

This  Estill  county  field  illustrates  very  nicely  the  anticlinal 
theory  of  the  storage  of  oil  in  the  rocks.  Just  at  the  edge  of 
Irvine  on  the  east  is  the  top  of  what  was  an  anticlinal  fold,  but 
one  which  broke  at  the  top.  Between  the  railroad 
bridge  over  the  river  and  the  crossing  at  Main  street, 
the  Corniferous  is  exposed  in  the  railroad  cuts  with 
the  Black  Shale  over  it  and  the  Niagara  Shale  under 
it.  Near  the  bridge,  a fault  brings  the  Black  Shale  down 
close  to  the  river  ; between  the  bridge  and  town  several  small 
faults  show,  but  the  rocks  are  nearly  horizontal ; at  the  Main 
street  crossing  the  Corniferous  shows  in  a cut  on  the  west  side 
and  a fault  or  uplift  shows  very  plainly  at  the  same  place.  This 
fault  brings  the  top  of  the  Niagara  shale  on  the  east  side  of 
Main  street  above  the  level  of  the  top  of  the  Corniferous  on  the 
west  side  of  the  street.  From  this  point  the  rocks  seem  to  rise 
very  slightly  to  the  east  for  a short  distance,  then  bend  and  fall 


64 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


rapidly  to  the  east  (the  Corniferous  being  below  the  river  at  the 
oil  field)  and  form  a long  monocline  with  its  axis  just  east  of  Ir- 
vine and  the  oil  field  still  farther  east  and  down  the  slope. 
Wells  drilled  on  this  monocline  show,  near  the  axis,  dry  holes ; 
farther  down  the  dip,  oil ; still  farther  down,  oil,  underlaid  by 
fresh  water,  and  still  farther  down  the  slope  salt  water  alone. 
The  fresh  water  has  evidently  come  in  from  the  river,  and  the 
contents  of  the  rocks  have  arranged  themselves  in  order  of  their 
specific  gravity,  the  salt  water  below  and  the  oil  above,  the  lat- 
ter rising  up  the  dip  only  far  enough  to  keep  ahead  of  the  water, 
and  wells  above  that  point  giving  no  oil. 


1.  Devonian  Black  Shale;  2.  Corniferous  L.  S. — Ragland  Sand;  3.  Niagara 
Shale.  Well  at  A,  dry;  well  at  B,  some  oil;  well  at  C,  oil  and  fresh  water;  well 
at  D.  oil  and  salt  water;  well  at  E,  salt  water. 


As  stated  on  a preceding  page,  the  Corniferous,  which  al- 
ready has  two  oil  fields  and  a gas  field  to  its  credit,  underlies 
a large  area,  extending  from  its  outcrop  and  from  the  Ohio 
river,  east  and  south,  to  an  unknown  distance,  and  somewhere 
within  this  area  may  give  other  profitable  fields  in  the  future. 
As  it  goes  east,  however,  its  depth  below  the  surface  rapidly 
increases  and  it  soon  gets  too  far  below  to  reach.  Professor 
White  has  identified  it  in  a well  near  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  at 
a depth  of  2,770  feet. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


65 


The  Clinton. 

THE  CLINTON  SAND. 

The  Clinton  underlies  a very  large  area  in  Kentucky  and 
has  been  drilled  through  in  a great  number  of  wells,  often  show- 
ing more  or  less  oil  and  gas,  but  so  far,  nothing  worthy  of  spe- 
cial note  except  in  the  Morgan  county  field  and  possibly  the 
Wolfe  county  or  Camp  ton  field.*  In  Morgan  county,  it  is  the 
source  of  a high-grade  green  oil  and  gives  a field  of  much  prom- 
ise. The  “oil-sand,”  as  found  in  Morgan  county,  lies  about  forty 
feet  below  the  base  of  the  Black  Shale  and  near  the  top  of  the 
Clinton  group.  Under  the  Black  Shale  is  found  a few  feet  of 
Corniferous  limestone,  and  under  that  about  thirty  feet  of  soft 
Niagara  shales.  Directly  under  the  Niagara  shale  is  an  ex- 
ceedingly hard,  dense,  impure  limestone  cap,  varying  from  three 
to  eight  feet  in  thickness,  and  under  that  the  oil-sand,  the  latter 
about  thirty-five  feet  thick  and  consisting  of  a firm  gray  rock, 
yjartly  sand,  but  cemented  together  with  lime,  and  quite  po- 
rous. It  varies  considerably  in  hardness  in  different  parts  of  its 
thickness,  two  or  three  “pay”  streaks  being  quite  soft,  and  the 
rest  of  it  rather  hard.  The  extent  of  territory  underlaid  by  the 
sand,  in  the  form  in  which  it  is  found  here,  is  unknown,  but  lit- 
tle drilling  having  been  done  in  the  counties  to  the  east  and 
south. 


The  Hudson  Group. 

THE  CANEY  SAND. 

The  principal  development  of  this  sand  so  far  has  been  in 
Morgan  county,  on  Caney  creek,  and  at  West  Liberty,  but.  it 
has  also  been  found  productive  in  Breathitt  county  and  at 
Campton  in  Wolfe  county.  The  “sand”  is  a bed  of  open,  porous 
sandstone,  sometimes  gray  and  sometimes  white,  included 
in  the  limestone  series  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
Hudson  group,  and  under  a dense,  close-grained,  im- 
pure limestone  cap.  This  cap  is  from  three*  to  five  feet  in  thick- 


*See  note  under  record  of  Wolfe  county  wells. 


56 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


ness  and  very  hard.  The  sand  is  found  on  Caney  creek  at  1,525 
to  1,600  feet  below  the  surface  and  125  feet  below  the  base  of 
the  Niagara  shale.  Its  position  on  the  geological  scale  is  be- 
low the  Clinton  and  not  far  below  the  top  of  the  Hudson.  This 
sand  is  shown  in  outcrop  in  Montgomery,  Clark  and  Madison 
counties  and  is  oil-bearing  even  on  outcrop.  The  Caney  sand 
in  Morgan  county  is  the  source  of  high-pressure  gas  and  an  ex- 
cellent quality  of  green  oil,  but  not  enough  development  has 
been  done  to  determine  the  extent  of  territory  underlaid  by  it, 
or  test  its  productiveness.  There  is  a large  area  in  the  western 
tier  of  counties  of  the  Eastern  Coal-field  where  this  sand  can 
easily  be  reached  by  the  drill  and  where,  as  yet,  little  drilling 
has  been  done.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  coal-field  the  thick- 
ening of  the  Conglomerate  measures  and  the  Devonian  shales 
to  the  southeast,  combined  with  the  dip  of  the  rocks  in  the  same 
direction,  have  put  this  sand  at  depths  too  great  to  be  reached. 

Wayne  County  Sands. 

THE  STRAY,  BEAVER,  COOPER,  ETC. 

In  the  Wayne  fields  oil  and  gas  are  found  at  a number  of 
horizons  below  the  St,  Louis  limestones.  Most  of  the  wells 
start  either  in  the  St.  Louis  or  the  Keokuk  division  of  the  Wa- 
verly  group. 

The  highest  oil  rock  in  the  scale,  so  far  as  known  at  present, 
is  what  is  known  there  as  the  “Stray”  sand,  which  is  found  in 
the  Keokuk  at  a point  about  250  feet  above  the  Black  Shale.  It 
is  by  no  means  regular  as  an  oil  producer,  but  has  produced 
oil  in  sufficient  quantities  to  make  it  worthy  of  note,  being  cred- 
ited with  about  9,000  barrels  at  one  point.  The  oil  from  this 
rock  is  a black,  heavy  oil,  quite  different,  from  the  other  Wayne 
county  oils. 

At  Mt.  Pisgah,  wells  have  been  drilled  which  are  producing 
large  volumes  of  gas.  If  the  records  of  the  wells  are  correct, 
this  gas  was  struck  at  a depth  of  about  260  feet  and  about  170 
feet  above  the  Black  Shale,  which  would  make  it  in  the  Waverlv 
group,  but  at  a different  horizon  from  any  other  known. 

The  best-known  and  largest  producing  oil-sand  in  the  coun- 
ty, and,  at  present,  the  largest  producer  in  the  State,  is  the  next 
in  descending  order — the  Beaver-Cooper-Otter-Slickford  sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


57 


It  is  found  near  the  base  of  the  Waverly,  averaging  probably 
forty  feet  above  the  top  of  the  Black  Shale.  Between  it  and  the 
Black  Shale  is  generally  a bed  of  very  dark  slate,  constituting 
the  base  of  the  Waverly  group.  The  Beaver  averages  about 
fourteen  to  sixteen  feet  thick  and,  like  all  the  other  Wayne 
county  oil  rocks,  is  a limestone,  in  places,  however,  carrying 
some  white  sand  mixed  with  the  lime. 

The  next  lower  sand  is  the  Sunnybrook,  a horizon  given  as 
about  330  to  350  feet  below  the  Black  Shale  and  evidently  be- 
longing in  the  lower  part  of  the  Hudson  group  and  correspoud- 
ing  closely  in  position  to  an  oil-bearing  horizon  found  at  about 
the  same  place  in  the  Hudson  at  a number  of  places  in  Ken- 
tucky. In  Wayne  the  Sunnybrook  is  commonly  called  150  to 
200  feet  thick  and  an  oil  obtained  at  a depth  of  about  600  feet 
below  the  black  shale  is  credited  to  the  same  rock  and  also 
called  Sunnybrook  oil.  When  the  records  of  wells  in  Wayne 
and  some  of  the  other  river  counties  are  compared,  however, 
it  will  readily  be  seen  that  they  constitute  two  different  sands — 
the  upper  and  lower  Sunnybrook.  The  first  would  belong  to  the 
lower  part  of  the  Hudson  and  the  other  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
Trenton  group. 

A sand  (sometimes  a sandy  limestone)  is  present  in  the 
southern  edge  of  Wayne  county,  which  is  just  about  at  the 
place  of  the  Big  Injun,  and  probably  represents  that  group. 
Not  enough  development  has  been  done  in  that  part  of  the 
county  where  it  is  under  best  cover,  to-  tell  whether  it  can  be 
classed  among  the  producers  in  this  county  or  not. 

In  Record  No.  2 of  the  Wayne  county  wells,  given  later 
on,  is  shown  a.  sand  with  a show  of  oil  near  the  bottom  of  the 
Trenton  group  and  only  a short  distance  above  the  top  of  the 
Calciferous.  So  far  as  known,  this  is,  with  a single  exception, 
the  deepest  oil-sand  vet  found  in  Kentucky,  but,  as  it  is  not 
shown  in  other  deep  well  records,  not  much  importance  can, 
at  present,  be  attached  to  it. 


58  KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


The  Trenton. 

CUMBERLAND  RIVER  SANDS. 

The  oil-producing  horizons  of  the  Trenton  group  are  plainly 
shown  in  the  records  given  of  wells  drilled  in  the  Cumberland 
river  counties,  to  which  section  the  productive  area  of  the 
Trenton  group  is,  as  yet,  limited. 

An  examination  of  the  records  of  wells  producing  oil  from 
the  rocks  of  the  Trenton  group  shows  that,  with  the  possible 
exception  of  the  lower  Sunnybrook,  which  seems  to  be  fairly 
constant,  there  is  no  fixed  horizon  at  which  oil  or  gas  is  found, 
wells  in  close  proximity  to  each  other  producing  oil  at  depths 
ranging  from  240  to  850  feet,  with  no  one  definite  point  at  which 
oil  may  be  expected  in  drilling.  The  initial  production  of  some 
of  these  wells  has  been  quite  large,  but  whether  a formation 
showing  so  much  irregularity  in  its  productive  horizons  may 
be  depended  on  to  prove  long  lived,  can  not  be  told. 

The  Calciferous. 

WHITE  OAK  SAND  OF  ESTILL  COUNTY. 

The  Calciferous  until  quite  recently  has  not  been  known  as  a 
gas  or  oil-bearing  rock,  it  generally  producing  strong  brines  and 
mineral  waters  where  drilled  into.  A well  recently  drilled 
at  Elizabethtown,  in  Hardin  county,  has  produced  some  gas 
from  this  formation  at  a depth  of  2,300  feet.  There  is  a flow 
of  Blue  Lick  water  also  in  this  well.  Another  well,  on  White 
Oak  creek,  in  Estill  county,  has  dry  gas  from  the  same  forma- 
tion, at  a depth  of  about  1,940  feet.  The  gas  from  this  well 
has  quite  a high  rock-pressure  and  a reported  measurement  by 
a Pitot’s  tube  gave  a volume  of  a little  over  300,000  cubic  feet 
per  day.  A second  well,  just  completed,  on  White  Oak  creek, 
struck  a strong  show  of  oil  in  the  Calciferous  at  a little  greater 
depth  than  the  gas  in  the  first  well.  The  drilling  was  carried 
a little  deeper  and  a strong  flow  of  salt  water  encountered. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


69 


CHAPTER  V. 


WELL  RECORDS. 

Below  are  given  a number  of  authentic  records  of  drilled 
wells,  arranged  in  order  of  the  counties  in  which  they  were 
drilled.  These  were  selected  from  a large  number  of  records 
to  give,  as  far  as  possible,  typical  well  records  of  the  forma- 
tions passed  through  in  the  respective  counties.  The  records 
are  written  just  as  given  by  the  drillers;  the  identification  of 
the  sands  and  the  names  of  the  formations  are  made  by  the 
writer.  In  these,  as  in  all  records  of  drilled  wells,  allowance 
must  be  made  for  errors  of  drillers  in  naming  rocks,  (hard 
white  sand,  for  instance,  often  being  called  “lime,”  and  vice 
versa),  and  for  omissions  to  note  changes  in  the  nature  of 
strata  passed  through. 

BATH  COUNTY  WELLS. 

No.  1 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

White  fire-clay  

Brown  shale  

Oil  sand  (limestone) 


No.  2 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale 
White  fire-clay  . 
Brown  shale  . . . . , 

Oil-sand  


No.  3 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  .... 
White  fire-clay  . 
Brown  shale 

Oil  sand  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

20 

20 

160 

180 

Waverly. 

206 

386  ' 

| 

7 

393 

> Devonian  Shales. 

13 

406  _ 

f 

19 

425  J 

/ 

j Corniferous — Ragland 
j sand. 

34 

34 

61 

95 

Waverly. 

205 

300  " 

I 

6 

306 

t Devonian  Shales. 

14 

320  _ 

f 

24 

344  \ 

j Corniferous — Ragland 
1 sand. 

37 

37 

60 

97 

Waverly. 

205 

302  - 

) 

6 

308 

V Devonian  Shales. 

14 

322 

f 

24 

346  J 

[ Corniferous — Ragland 
1 sand. 

60 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  4 — Ragland  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Lime  40  40  St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  503  543  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  748  ^1 

White  fire-clay  8 756  [-Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  768  J 

Oil  sand  18  786  Ragland  (Corniferous). 


No.  5 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

White  fire-clay 

Brown  shale  

Oil  sand  

No,  6 — Ragland  farm. 

Blue  lime  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

White  fire-clay  . . 

Brown  shale  

Oil  sand  


15 

15  I 

I 

533 

548  i 

L averly. 

205 

753  ' 

) 

8 

761 

[-Devonian  Shales. 

12 

773  , 

J 

18 

791 “ 

Ragland  (Corniferous) 

40 

40 

St.  Louis. 

607 

647 

Waverly. 

205 

852" 

| 

8 

860 

^Devonian  Shales. 

12 

872  _ 

1 

15 

887  ' 

Ragland  (Corniferous), 

No.  7 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale 
White  fire-clay  . 

Brown  shale  

Oil  sand  


No.  8 — Ragland  farm. 

Lime  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

White  fire-clay  . 

Brown  shale  

Oil  sand  

No.  9 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

White  fire-clay  . . 

Brown  shale  

Oil  sand  


18 

173 

18  | 
191  j 

- Waverly. 

205 

396  "1 

| 

8 

404 

[-Devonian  Shales. 

12 

416  j 

I 

10 

426 

Ragland  (Corniferous), 

40 

40 

St.  Louis. 

503 

543 

Waverly. 

205 

748  ' 

) 

8 

756 

[-Devonian  Shales. 

12 

768  , 

r 

25 

793  ' 

Ragland  (Corniferous), 

20 

141 

20 

161 

j.  Waverly. 

205 

366  ' 

) 

8 

374 

[-Devonian 

Shales. 

12 

386  _ 

J 

19 

405  ’ 

Ragland 

(Corniferous) 

No.  10 — Ewing  farm. 

Lime  

White  slate 
Black  shale 

Fire-clay  

Brown  shale 
Oil  sand  


50 

50 

St.  Louis. 

561 

611 

Waverly. 

205 

816’’ 

| 

8 

824 

[-Devonian  Shales. 

15 

839  „ 

1 

31 

870 

Ragland  (Corniferous). 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


61 


The  above  ten  records  are  of  typical  wells  drilled  into  the 
Ragland  sand.  Below  are  given  records  of  wells  in  the  same 
field,  drilled  down  deeper  and  showing  a heavy  bed  of  Niagara 
shales  under  the  Ragland  sand.  All  are  in  the  Ragland  field. 


No.  11 — Wooley  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale 
White  fire-clay  . , 
Brown  shale  . . . . 
Ragland  sand  . . . 

Blue  shale  

Second  sand 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

^ ^ £ Waverly 

250  270  f waveriy* 

205  475 

8 483  i-Devonian  STiales. 

12  495  J 

30  525  Corniferous  L.  S. 

179  704  Niagara  Shales. 

20  724  Clinton. 


No.  12 — Wooley  farm. 

Sand  and  gravel  

Black  shale  

Ragland  sand  (oil  show) 

Red  mud  

Second  sand 

Blue  mud  

Hard,  red  sand 

Soft,  gritty  lime 

Dark  lime  


15 
145 

28 

157 

10 

25 

8 

16 
96 


, 15 
160 

188 

345 

355 

380 

388 

404 

500 


Devonian  (“fire-clay”  at 
base  cut  out). 
Corniferous. 

Niagara  Shales. 

{Clinton  “oil  sand.” 
Probably  all  Clinton. 

[•  Hudson. 


The  red  sand  at  380  to  388  may  be  Medina. 


No.  13 — Ewing  farm. 


Gravel  56  56 

Blue  shale  607  663  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  868*) 

White  fire-clay  8 876  ^Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  888  J 

Oil  sand  30  918  Corniferous  L.  S. 

Red  mud  245  1,163  Niagara  Shales. 

Second  sand 15  1,178  1 Clinton  “oil  sand.” 

Mud  15  1,193  \ Clinton. 


No.  14— Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

White  fire-clay  . . 

Black  shale  

Oil  sand  

Blue  mud  

Second  sand 


20 

61 

20 ; 
81 

j-  Waverly. 

205 

286  " 

) 

8 

294 

^Devonian  Shales. 

12 

306  __ 

f 

missing 

178 

484 

Niagara  Shales. 

10 

494 

Clinton  “oil  sand.” 

Numbers  11,  12,  13  and  14  all  show  a bed  of  Niagara  shales 
of  unusual  thickness  below  the  Ragland  oil  sand. 


62 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


ROWAN  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Butts  farm. 


Brown  quicksand  

25 

25  D 

Hard,  white  lime 

50 

75  I 

Open,  white  lime 

75 

230  I 

White  shale  

80 

230  1 

White  lime  

110 

340 

White  shale  

110 

450  J 

Brown  shale  

40 

490 

White  sand  

10 

500  L 

Brown  shale  

190 

690 

White  fire-clay  

5 

695  J 

Ragland  sand  (salt  water) 

100 

795 

Red  rock  

50 

845 

White  shale  

55 

900  J 

Tiim**  sh  pills  

200 

1,100  I 
1,560  ) 

Hard  lime  

460 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Waverly. 


^Devonian  Shales. 


Will  include  Ragland 
and  Niagara. 


Clinton  and  Hudson. 


Well  is  about  down  to  top  of  Trenton. 


No.  2 — Triplett  Creek,  12  miles  N.  E.  of  Morehead. 

Soil  

Blue  shale  

Black  slate  

Blue  and  green  shales  (gas  at  171) 

Mixed  shales  

Red  rock  

Black  shale  

Soft  lime  (oil  and  salt  water) .... 


5 

5 

62 

67 

Waverly. 

10 

77 

Berea  Shale. 

94 

171  -j 

Gas  at  place  of  Berea 
1 Grit. 

29 

6 

200  1 
206  j 

- Bedford  (?) 

329 

535 

Devonian  Shale. 

7 

542 

Corniferous  (Ragland) 

MENEFEE  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — G.  W.  Gay  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Soil  

5 

r;  - 

Blue  clay  

10 

15 

White  soapstone  

90 

105 

Blue  slate  

50 

155 

Hard,  gray  lime 

10 

165  ! 

White  soapstone  

3 

16S 

Soft,  blue  slate 

70 

238 

Hard,  blue  slate 

94 

332  4 

Black  shale  

136 

468 

White  fire-clay  

6 

474 

Hard,  brown  shale  

7 

481 

Gas  sand  (gas) 

19 

500  | 

-Waverly. 


’Devonian  Shales. 

Corniferous — -Ragland 
sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


63 


No.  2 — Elijah  Mynhier  farm. 

Clay  

Soft,  blue  shale 

Dark,  hard  lime 

Blue  soapstone  

Blue  slate  

Light  soapstone  

Dark,  hard  lime 

Blue  slate  

Light  soapstone  

Blue  slate  

Light  soapstone  

Hard,  dark  slate 

Soft,  light  slate 

Hard,  gray  lime 

Hard,  black  shale 

■»  Soft,  blue  slate 

Gas  lime  (gas) 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


10 

10^1 

50 

60 

10 

70 

75 

145 

10 

155 

4 

159 

16 

175 

46 

221 

22 

243 

5 

248 

9 

257 

18 

275 

23 

298 

5 

303  > 

137 

440  " 

12 

452  ' 

26 

478  i 

Devonian  Shales. 
Corniferous  L.  S.- 


No.  3— -Or.  W.  Poynter,  No.  1. 

Clay  6 6 

Dark  sandstone  144  150 

Blue  shale  220  370 

Black  shale  150-  520 

Blue  shale  8 528 

Dark  lime  (gas  at  530) 12  540 

Light  lime  (gas,  542  to  563) 23  563 

Blue  shale  2 565 

No.  4 — Cr.  W.  Poynter,  No.  2. 

Clay  7 7 

Dark  sandstone  79  86 

Blue  shale  194  280 

Light  shale  133  413 

Black  shale  144  557 

Blue  shale  6 563 

Black  shale  1 564 

Dark  lime  1 565 

Gray  lime  (gas) 35  600 

Black  lime  1 601 

Blue  shale  3 604 


A measurement  by  Pitot  tube  gave  1.191.816 
cubic  feet  of  gas  in  24  hours. 

No.  5 — T.  E.  Amburgy  farm. 


Clay  23  23 

Blue  sand  222  246 

Pink  shale  10  255 

Blue  shale  215  470 

Gray  lime  5 475 

Blue  shale  10  485 

Black  shale  165  650 

Blue  shale  5 655 

Ragland  sand  15  670 

Ra'gland  sand  (gas) 30  700 


1,112,544  cubic  feet  of  gas  per  day 


j.  Waverly. 
j-  Devonian  Shales. 

j-  Corniferous  L.  S. 
Niagara. 

^-Waverly. 

^Devonian  Shales. 

^j-Corniferous  L.  S. 
Niagara. 


►Waverly. 

• Devonian  Shales. 
Corniferous  L.  S. 


64 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


No.  6 — W.  F.  Fitzpatrick  farm. 

Clay  

Dark  shale  

Light  sand  

Dark  sand  

Light  sand  

Dark  shale  

Light  shale  

Black  shale  

Dark  brown  shale  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  (gas) 

Light  lime  (gas) 

Dark  lime  (gas) 

Light  lime  (gas) 

Blue  shale  


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological 


5 

15 

10 

10 

10 

267 

9 


5 

20  'l 

30 

40 

50  pWaverly. 

317  ! 

326  J 


Formation. 


40  366  'j 

102  468  ^Devonian  Shales. 

5 473  J 

10  483  ^ 

491  ^Corniferous  L.  S’. 
4 495  j 

4 499  J 

4 503  Niagara. 


No.  7— John  Fecraft  farm. 

Clay  

Dark  sand  

Blue  shale  

Dark  sand  

Blue  shale  

Dark  sand  

Blue  shale  

Dark  sand  

Blue  shale  

Dark  sand  

Blue  shale  

Dark  sand  

Blue  shale  

Gray  lime  

Blue  shale 

Gray  lime  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

Brown  shale  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  (gas) 

Blue  shale  

Gray  lime  

Blue  shale  


No.  8— G.  W.  Miller  farm. 

Clay  

Dark  sand  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  

Black  shale  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  

Light  lime  (gas) 

Blue  shale  


7 

7 

61 

68 

4 

72 

21 

93 

1 

94 

6 

100 

45 

145 

3 

148 

12 

160 

10 

170  ' 

13 

183 

11 

194 

318 

512 

2 

514 

6 

520 

2 

522 

8 

530  J 

6 

536  " 

9 

545 

98 

643  > 

58 

701 

9 

710 

36 

746 

5 

751 -J 

5 

756  L 

68 

824  J 

9 

9 

176 

185  'j 

236 

421  l 

222 

4432  J 

1432 

587  ) 

8 

595  \ 

16 

611  j. 

10 

621  f 

7 

628 

Waverly. 


Devonian  Shales. 


Corniferous  L.  S. 
Niagara. 


Waverly. 

Devonian  Shales. 

Corniferous  L.  S. 
Niagara. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


66 


No.  9 — Jack.  Barnett  farm. 

Clay  

Dark  sand  

Gray  sand  

Blue  sand  

Blue  slate  

Dark  lime  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  

Blue  shale  

Gray  lime  

Black  shale  

Brown  shale  

Blue  shale  

Brown  shale  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  (gas) 

Blue  shale  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

10 

10 

62 

72 

13 

85 

55 

140 

140 

280 

5 

285 

13 

298 

4 

302 

145 

447 

2 

449 

91 

540 

43 

583 

12 

595 

8 

603 

5 

608 

12 

620 

153 

775 

Geological  Formation. 


y Waverly. 


'Devonian  Shales. 

Corniferous  L.  S. 
Niagara. 


No.  10 — Catherine  Tabor  farm. 

Clay  

Blue  sand  

Dark  sand  

Yellow  lime  

Dark  sand  

Yellow  lime  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  

Light  lime  (gas) 

Blue  shale  


9 

9 

111 

120  'J 

270 

3§0  1 

2 

392  [ 

98 

490 

2 

492 

25 

517  J 

153 

670  j. 

10 

680  ) 

14 

694  ) 

9 

703  ) 

7 

710 

Waverly. 


Devonian  Shales. 

Corniferous  L.  S. 
Niagara. 


MONTGOMERY  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1— Mt.  Sterling. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Clay  4 4 

Blue  lime  631  635 

“Trenton”  80  715 

Hard,  blue  and  gray  lime 288  1,003 

No.  2 — Spencer  Creek. 

Drift  8 8 

Blue  lime  763  771 

“Trenton”  80  851 

Lime  252  1,103 


The  separation  of  the  Trenton  in  these  two  wells  was  made  by  the  driller. 
The  wells  are  entirely  within  the  Hudson  and  Trenton  Groups. 


66 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


CLARK  COUNTY  WELL. 

Deep  Well  on  Lulbegrud  Creek. 

Well  started  at  base  of  black  shale. 

Records  from  top  down  to  1,050  were  lost. 

1,050  to  1,090,  fine-grained,  dove-colored  limestone. 

At  1,200,  fine-grained,  bluish-gray  limestone. 

1,240-1,255,  very  light,  dove-colored  limestone. 

At  1,378,  dark,  reddish-gray  lime,  mixed  with  nearly  black  lime.  Oil  smell. 
1,390-1,400,  dark,  dove-colored  limestone. 


These  rocks  correspond  to  the  Birdseye  and  Chazy  limestones 
seen  at  High  Bridge  and  Camp  Nelson  on  the  Kentucky  river 
and  belong  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Trenton  period.  The  well 
did  not  go  deep  enough  to  reach  the  bottom  of  the  Chazy. 


POWELL  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Janies  Welsh  farm. 

Clay  

Black  shale  

Hard,  brown  flint 

Yellow  soapstone  

Hard,  blue  lime,  (oil  at  133) 

Soapstone  

Blue  lime  (gas  at  310) 

White  lime  

Brown  shale  

White  lime  

Blue  lime  

Brown  lime  

Blue  lime  

Bottom  at  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

17 

17) 

8 

25  \ 

24i 

49 

65 

114 

19 

133  l 

14 

147  ) 

509 

656  ''I 

25 

681 

19 

700 

9 

709  { 

66 

775 

20 

795 

90 

885 

951- 

Devonian  Shales. 

Corniferous. 
Niagara  Shale. 

Clinton. 


>Hudson  and  Trenton. 


(Compare  record  of  Well  No.  7,  Estill  county.) 

No.  2 — Duther  Stephens’  farm. 


Clay  13  13  ) Devonian  Shales  (Rag- 

Black  shale  117  130  ) land  sand  missing). 

Soapstone  62  192  Niagara  Shale. 

Brown  lime  (oil  show) 4 196  ) 

Blue  soapstone 10  206  ) C in  on‘ 

Blue  lime  ’ 976  1,182^ 

Brown  lime  10  1,192  (.Hudson  and  Trenton. 

Blue  lime  15  1,207  J 


In  both  No.  1 and  No.  2,  a few  feet  of  the  limestone  at  the  top 
of  what  is  marked  “Hudson  and  Trenton”  probably  belong 
to  the  Clinton. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


67 


No.  3 — Luther  Stephens’  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth. 

Clay  14  14 

Black  shale  126  140 

Gray  lime  10  150 

Soapstone  45  195 

Brown  lime  (oil) 32  1982 

Soapstone  102  209 

Blue  and  gray  lime 31  240 

Brown  lime  5 245 

Blue  lime  59  304 

No.  4— Miles  Porkner  farm. 

Clay  1.  14  14 

Black  shale  118  132' 

Soapstone  3 135 

Hard,  gray  lime 7 142 

Soapstone  53  195 

Gray  lime  3 198 

Soapstone  12  210 

Gray  lime  (oil) 20  230 

Gray,  brown  and  blue  lime 21  251 

No.  5 — Jas.  H.  Lane  farm. 

Clay  and  sand 22  22 

Black  shale  80  102 

Brown  lime  (gas  and  salt  water) . 10  112 

Soapstone  48  160 

Blue  lime  15  175 

Soapstone  5 180 

Blue  lime 556  736 

Brown  lime  5 741 

Blue  lime  66  807 


No.  6 — Robert  Rose  farm. 

■Slate  and  gravel 

Black  shale  

Gray  flint  lime  (gas  and  salt 

water)  

Brown  lime 

Soapstone  

Blue  lime  

Gray  lime  

Blue  lime  


No.  7 — O.  M.  Law  farm. 

Clay  12  12 

Black  shale  138  150 

Flint  lime  10  160 

Soapstone  40  200 

Hard,  gray  lime  (oil  trace) 32  2032 

Soapstone  102  214 

Blue  lime  292  506 


13  13 

87  100 

10  110 

10  120 

80  200 

595  795 

15  810 

70  880 


Geological  Formation, 
j.  Devonian  Shales. 

^ Ragland  Sand  (Cor- 
■j!  niferous). 

Niagara  Shale. 

j-  Clinton. 

1 Hudson. 

| (A  part  or  all  of  the  31 
J feet  may  be  Clinton.) 


1*  Devonian  Shales. 

j Ragland  Sand  (Cor- 
niferous). 

Niagara  Shale. 


Possibly  all  Clinton. 
Hudson. 


j.  Devonian  S’hales. 

j Ragland  Sand  <.Cor- 
l niferous). 

Niagara  Shale. 

j.  Clinton. 

S Hudson. 

t (Probably  some  Clin- 
J ton  at  the  top.) 


j.  Devonian  Shales. 

) Ragland  Sand  (Cor- 
) niferous). 

Niagara  Shale. 

Clinton  and  Hudson. 


j.  Devonian  Shales. 

j Ragland  Sand  (Cor- 
l niferous). 

Niagara  Shale. 

j.  Clinton. 

Hudson. 

(Probably  some  Clin- 
ton at  the  top.) 


68 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


No.  8 — C.  B.  Skidmore  farm,  near  Stanton. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Clay  

25 

25 

Soapstone  

100 

125  " 

| 

Hard,  gray  lime 

2 

127 

W Waverly. 

Soapstone  . . , 

137 

| 

f 

Devonian. 

Black  shale  

307  -l 

(Corniferous  miss- 
„ ing.) 

Soapstone  

143 

450 

Niagara. 

Hard,  gray  lime 

25 

475 

Clinton  (?) 

Hard,  blue  lime 

700 

1,175  | 

1 Hudson  and  Trenton. 

Hard,  brown  lime 

334 

1,509  J 

No.  9 — J.  F.  Martin,  No.  3. 

Clay  

Soapstone  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  (gas  show) 

Soapstone  

Brown  lime  *.  . 

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Blue  lime  

Soapstone  

Blue  lime  


No.  10 — Wm.  Truett  farm. 

Clay  

Soapstone  

Red  Rock  

Soapstone  

Black  shale  

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  

Blue  lime  

Soapstone  

Blue  lime  

Soapstone  

Brown  lime  

Blue  lime  


270 

275 

Waverly. 

125 

400 

Devonian. 

24 

424 

Corniferous. 

140 

564 

Niagara. 

10 

574  ] 

6 

580 

(•  Probably  all  Clinton. 

20 

600  J 

1 

75 

675  ] 

1 

12 

687 

r Hudson. 

122 

809  J 

1 

10 

10 

90 

15 

45 

120 

10 

5 

115 

10 

20 

10 

10 

5 

149 


100 

115 

160 

280 

290 

295 

410 

420 

440 

450 

460 

465 

614 


Waverly. 


Devonian. 

Corniferous. 

Niagara. 


Clinton  and  Hudson. 


No.  11 — Wingate  Anderson  farm. 

Clay  

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  


Black  shale  (gas  at  160) 


Soapstone 
Blue  shale 


Blue 


..  r oil  show  at  400. 

ime' ' t gas  show  at  1.200. 


I 


20 

30 

5 

35 

135 

35 

105 

985 

262 


20 


50 

55 

90 

225 

260 

365 


l»  Waverly. 

( Devonian. 

) (Corniferous  missing.) 
[■  Niagara. 


( Clinton,  Hudson  and 
1,350  < -r- 

{ Trenton. 

1,612  Birdseye  and  Chazy. 


Brown  lime 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


69 


No.  12 — J.  P.  Martin  farm,  No.  1. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Clay  

10 

Soapstone  

215 

225 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

350 

Devonian. 

Gray  lime  (gas) 

24 

374 

Corniferous. 

Soapstone  

141 

515 

Niagara. 

Brown  lime 

10 

525  "I 

I 

Soapstone  

5 

530  1 

l Clinton. 

Gray  lime  (oil  show) 

20 

550  J 

1 

Blue  lime  

60 

610  : 

Soapstone  

15 

625 

Blue  lime  

150 

775 

► Hudson. 

Soapstone  

10 

785 

Blue  lime  

29 

814 

ESTILL  COUNTY  WELLS. 

West  farm — Irvine  field. 


No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  4 

No.  5 

No.  6 

Clay  

14 

3 

25 

45 

4 

22 

Black  shale  (Devonian) 

419 

69 

50 

17 

91 

52 

Oil  sand  (Corniferous) 

20 

20 

18 

13 

16 

13 

83 

92 

93 

75 

111 

87 

No.  7 — West  farm. 

Clay  

Black  shale  

Hard,  gray  lime.... 
Light,  gray  lime.  . . . 

Gray  soapstone  

Hard,  gray  lime .... 

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Red  lime  

Bastard,  gray  lime.  . 
Bastard,  brown  lime 
Bastard,  gray  lime. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

45 

45 

24 

69 

Devonian  Shale. 

■\  Corniferous  L.  S. — Es- 

2 5 

94 

till  sand  (Ragland 

36 

130 

j sand). 

145 

275 

Niagara  Shale. 

30 

305 

10 

315 

l 

1 

8 

323 

r“  Clinton. 

10 

333 

j 

17 

350 

Lower  Silurian  (Ordo- 

40 

390 

• vician)  Limestones. 

839 

1,229 

f Hudson  and  Trenton 

J Groups. 

Of  the  above  records,  the  first  six  ivere  taken  at  random 
from  a number  of  records  of  wells  drilled  into  the  oil-sand. 
The  seventh  was  drilled  deeper  ; it  shows  an  unusual  thick- 
ness of  Corniferous  (the  limestones  on  outcrop  about  a mile 
west  are  only  25  to  30  feet  thick),  and  also  shows  145  feet  of 
Niagara  shales  under  the  oil-sand.  The  thirty  feet  of  limestones 
under  the  Niagara  shale  are  nearly  all  Clinton,  but  the  upper 
layers  may  belong  to.  the  Niagara.  The  well  went  probably 
250  feet  in  the  Trenton  rocks,  or  about  to  the  top  of  the  Birds- 
eye. 


70 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


A combined  section  made  from  the  log  of  the  above  well  (No. 
7),  the  log  of  a well  now  being  drilled  on  White  Oak  creek,  and 
a detailed  section  of  the  St.  Louis,  etc.,  given  in  volume  4 of 
the  Owen  reports,  would  show  the  rocks  from  near  the  top 
of  the  Conglomerate  measures  down  to  probably  within  100 
feet  of  the  base  of  the  Chazy  limestones.  The  well  on  White 
Oak  started  near  the  top  of  the  Black  Shale  and  is  down  over 
1,900  feet.*  The  record  was  not  kept  in  the  upper  part,  but 
begins  at  1,260  feet,  which  would  be  just  about  where  the  record 
of  No.  7 ends.  The  following  is  the  section  combined  as  above: 


COMBINED  SECTION  IN  ESTILIi  COUNTY. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Heavy  sandstone  

196 

2,7S8 

Shales  and  shaly  sandstone 

5.0 

2,592 

Black  slate  

4 

2,542 

Coal  

1 

2,538 

Gray  shales 

4 

2,537 

Coal  

1 

2,533 

15 

2,532 

Buff,  earthy  limestones 

S 

2,517 

Archimedes  limestone  

2 

2,509 

Gray  limestone  

13 

2,507 

Calcareous  shales 

10 

2,494 

Oolitic  limestone  

10 

2,484 

Buff  limestone  

11 

2,474 

Semi-oolitic  limestone  

22 

2,463 

Gray  limestones  

12 

2,441 

Earthy,  buff  limestone 

5 

2,429 

Thin,  gray,  cherty  limestones... 

24 

2,424 

Massive  limestone  

22 

2,400 

Blue  limestone  and  shales 

38 

2,378 

Earthy,  yellow  limestone 

6 

2,340 

Sandstones  and  shales 

490 

2,334 

Black  shale  

125 

1,844 

Estill  County  oil  sand 

about 

25 

1,719 

Blue  and  gray  shales 

145 

1,694 

Gray  lime  

5 

1,549 

Gray  lime  

25 

1,544 

Gray  shale  

10 

1,519 

Gray  lime  

8 

1,509 

Red  lime  

10 

1,501 

Gray  lime  

17 

1,491 

Brown  lime  

40 

1,474 

Gray  lime  

839 

1,434 

Greenish-white,  friable,  shaly 

sand- 

stone  

10 

595 

Hard,  fine-grained  limestone. 

dark 

dove  color,  with  occasional  bands 

of  dark-blue,  hard  limestone 

425 

585 

Hard,  gray  limestone 

145 

160 

White,  fine-grained  sand  and 

lime 

mixed  

15 

15 

Bottom  of  White  Oak  well 


Geological  Formation. 


Conglomerate  Meas- 
ures, 271. 


1 

(-Chester,  33. 

1 


[ St.  Louis,  150. 


Waverly,  490. 
Devonian  Shales,  125. 
Corniferous,  25. 

Niagara,  150. 


1 

[-Clinton,  53. 

J 


n 


Lower  Silurian. 
(Ordovician). 

Hudson  and  Trenton 
Groups,  1476. 


Calciferous. 


*This  well  has  since  been  drilled  deeper,  striking  high  pressure  gas  in  the 
Calciferous,  at  about  1,940  feet. 


No.  8.  Boyd  well  at  Campton,  Wolfe  County. 
(Showing  a Standard  Rig.) 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


71 


The  first  fifteen  feet  are  Calciferous;  the  next  570  feet  Chazy 
and  Birdseye,  with  about  ten  feet  of  fine,  light  green  sand  mark- 
ing the  top  of  the  latter.  Of  the  839  feet  of  limestones  above 
that,  the  lowest  200  to  250  feet  constitute  the  Trenton  lime- 
stones, and  the  rest,  up  to  about  1,500,  belong  to  the  Hudson. 

BREATHITT  COUNTY  WELL. 

Frozen  Creek. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Clay 12  12 

White  sand  53  65 

Porous,  bastard  lime  (?) 2 67 

White  sand 73  140 


The  well  is  all  in  the  Conglomerate  and  gave  a strong  show 
of  black  oil  in  the  two  feet  of  “bastard  lime.” 

WOLFE  COUNTY  WELL. 


Well  at  Campton.  Thick- 

ness. Depth. 

Conglomerate. 

(White  sands  and  slates) 420  420 

St.  Louis  L.  S 110  530 

Waverly. 

(Blue  and  white  shales) 498  1,028 

Devonian  black  shale 191  1,219 

Niagara. 

(Blue  shale)  31  1,250 

Clinton  L.  S. 

(Oil  sand)  16  1,266 


(No  mention  is  made  of  the  Berea  Grit,  although  it  must  have  been  passed 
through.) 


The  above  geological  divisions  are  as  reported  on  the  record 
sent  in.  A record  of  a well  drilled  since,  accompanied  by 
samples  of  the  drillings  from  the  lower  part,  of  the  well,  shows, 
under  the  Black  Shale  and  at  the  place  of  the  shales  called 
“Niagara,”  about  16  feet  of  light-colored  shale,  then  12  feet  of 
black  shale  and  then  the  oil  rock,  the  latter  strongly  resembling 
the  Ragland  of  Bath  county.  The  12  feet  of  black  shale  direct- 
ly over  the  oil-rock,  makes  it  probable  that  the  latter  is  the 
Corniferous  and  not  Clinton. 


72 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


MAGOFFIN  COUNTY  WELL. 

Near  Hendricks  F.  O. 


Drift  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Shelly  slate 

White  lime  

White  sand  

Gray  lime  

Black  slate  

Shelly  sand  

Bastard,  gray  sand. 

S’helly  slate  

Black  slate  

Lime  

Bastard,  gray  sand. 
Slate  and  red  shale 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


40 

260 

85 

75 

25 

40 

190 

210 

245 

20 

100 

100 

400 

290 

50 

77 


40  " 
300 
385 
460  - 

485 
525 
715  - 
925 
1,170 
1,190  I 
1,290  r 
1,390  J 
1,790 
2,080  ^ 
2,130  l 
2,207  J 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


St.  Louis  L.  S. 
Waverly. 

Devonian  Shale. 

Upper  and  Lower  Sil- 
urian Limestones. 


There  is  no  Niagara  Shale  reported  in  this  record  and  nothing 
by  which  to  distinguish  the  possible  Devonian  and  Upper  Si- 
lurian limestones  contained  in  the  upper  part  of  the  290  feet 
of  limestone  next  below  the  Black  Shale.  The  last  two  members 
are  evidently  Hudson. 


MORGAN  COUNTY  WELL. 

This  well,  drilled  on  Oaney  creek  just  below  the  town  of 
Caney,  will  give,  not  only  the  section  for  that  immediate  lo- 
cality, but  a typical  record  for  Morgan  county.  The  record 
was  very  carefully  kept  by  Mr.  G.  M.  Sullivan,  and  all  forma- 
tions noted,  giving  an  accurate  record  or  geological  section 
from  the  lower  part  of  the  Coal  Measures  down  nearly  to  the 
Trenton. 


Caney  Creek  Well. 

Drift  

Shale  

Sand  (gas  at  75,  125  and  200) 

Pebble  rock  

Sand  

Pebble  rock  

Dark  shale  and  sand 

Dark  shale  

Shaly  sand  

Sand  

Pebble  rock 

Coal  

Dark  shale  


Thickness. 

15 

10 

235 

5 

40 

13 

12 

10 

5 

35 

30 

1 

42 


Depth, 

15 
25 
260 
265 
305  I 
318 
330  I 
340  } 
345  I 
380 

410 

411 
453 


Geological  Formation. 
Base  of  Coal  Measures. 


Conglomerate  Meas- 
ures. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


73 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Limestone  

Limy  shale  

Limestone  

Sand  and  shale  (oil  at  625). 

Limy  shale  

Red  sand  

Dark-blue,  sandy  shale  (gas 
at  850,  865  and  920) . v . 

Hard,  fine  sand  

Shale  

Fine  sand  (salt  water) 

Coarse  sand  

Dark  shale  

Sand  

Dark  shale  

S’hale  and  sand 

Very  black  shale  

Sand  (oil  at  1,052) 

Dark  shale  and  sand 

Black  shale  (gas  and  oil  at 

1,145)  

Soft,  blue  shale 

Sandy  lime  (Clinton  sand  at 

1,408)  

(Oil  and  gas  at  1,408.  S'alt 

Lime  

Lime  and  sand 

(Oil  and  gas  at  1,525). 

Lime  

Sand  

Blue  and  dark,  sandy  lime.. 

Red  shale  

Blue  shale  

Hard  lime  

Blue,  clay  shale 

Hard,  gray  lime 

Red  shale  

Blue  shale  and  lime 

Red  shale  

Dark-blue  shale 

Dark-gray  lime  

Sand  

Blue,  sandy  and  limy  shale.  . 

Hard,  sandy  lime., 

Sandy  and  limy  shale 

Dark-blue,  lime  shale 

Probably  stopped  just  short 


15 

468 

5 

473  } 

52 

525  J 

235 

760  1 

5 

765 

1 

766 

154 

920 

5 

925 

5 

930 

2 

932 

8 

940  r 

33 

973 

2 

975  | 

37 

1,012  1 

16 

1,028  1 

7 (Berea  Sh.) 

1,035  1 

24  (Berea  Grit) 

1,059  1 

28 

1,087  J 

283 

1,370  i 

30 

L 

1,400 

50 

1,450 

vater  at  1,416. 

65 

1,515  I 

15  (Caneysand)  1,530 

87 

1,617 

10 

1,627 

25 

1,652 

133 

1,785 

79 

1,864 

5 

1,869 

22 

1,891 

9 

1.900 

6 

1,906  - 

12 

1,918 

4; 

1,922 

20 

1,942 

25 

1,967 

7 

1,974 

4 

1,978 

7 

1,985 

4 

1,989 

32 

2,021  J 

of  the  top  of  the  Trenton. 


Geological  Formation. 
St.  Louis  L.  S. 


Waverly  and  Berea. 


Devonian  Black  Shale, 
with  a little  Cornifer- 
ous  L.  S.  at  the  base. 
Niagara  Shale. 

Clinton. 


Hudson. 


7 ir. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


CARTER  COUNTY  WELL. 


Guffey  Well,  near  Grayson. 

Quicksand  

Black  slate  

Sandstone  

Black  slate  

Limestone  

Dark  green,  sandy 'shale 

Light  gray  slate  and  sand  shells. 

Sandstone  and  shale 

Sandstone,  slate  and  shells 

Black  slate  

Berea  sand  (oil  and  gas) 

Gray  slate  

Red  slate  

Black  slate  

White  slate  

Black  slate  

White  slate  

Black  slate  

White  slate  

Limestone  (oil  and  gas; 

Limestones,  fine  and  coarse  


accurate,  but  gives  a typical  section  of  the  Carter  county  rocks 
from  just  below  the  Coal  Measures  down  to  about  the  top  of 
the  Niagara  Shale.  This  well  was  drilled  just  north  of  Grayson 
and  in  a synclinal  basin,  this  latter  accounting  for  the  strong 
flow  of  salt  water. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

2S 

28 

*1 

1 Conglomerate 

30 

58 

Meas- 

12 

70 

i ures. 

10 

80 

J 

20 

100 

St.  Louis. 

230 

270 

330 

600 

50 

650 

£ 

S5 

735 

1 

L © 

22 

757 

Berea  Shale. 

> 

112 

869 

Berea  Grit. 

25 

894 

1 Bedford. 

6 

900 

f J 

116 

1,016 

1 

1 

5 

169 

1,021 

1,190 

20 

1,210 

r Devonian  Shales. 

95 

1,305 

! 

118 

1,423 

J 

2 

1,425 

Corniferous. 

C Upper  Silurian  lime- 

55 

1,475. 

1,4S0 

-i  stones  (Niagara  and 
Helderburg). 

trained  observer  and  is  not  only 

WELL  AT  CINCINNATI. 


At  280,  a dark-gray,  crystalline  limestone. 

At  290,  a bed  of  gray  and  white  sand. 

At  305,  a mottled,  light,  crystalline  limestone  and  a dark,  limy  shale.  (Can 
not  tell  which  belongs  above  the  other.) 

At  334,  344  and  3S5.  gray,  limy  shales. 

At  450  and  505,  lighter  gray,  lime  shales. 

At  575  and  610,  light  gray,  lime  shales. 

At  640,  darker,  lime  shales. 

At  675,  soft,  white,  shaly  limestone. 

At  775,  soft,  very  porous,  white,  lime  shales. 

From  815  to  1,330,  fine-grained,  white,  sandy  limestone. 


This  record  is  taken  from  an  incomplete  set  of  drillings. 
The  well  started  a little  above  the  top  of  the  Trenton,  the  speci- 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


75 


men  at  280  being  from  the  bottom  part  of  the  upper  Trenton 
rocks.  The  shales  and  shalv  limestones  are  different  from 
records  for  the  same  part  of  the  geological  section  elsewhere, 
taking  the  place  of  the  Chazy  limestones.  The  last  515  feet 
(Trom  815  to  1,330)  represents  the  Galciferous,  the  next  for- 
mation below  the  Trenton  group,  and  the  basal  member  of  the 
Lower  Silurian. 


PORTSMOUTH  AND  IRONTON,  OHIO,  WELLS. 


The  two  following  records  are  given  in  order  to  show  the 
section  on  the  Ohio  river  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  State. 
They  are  taken  from  volume  6 of  the  Ohio  reports: 


Portsmouth  Well. 

Waverly  

Berea  shale  

Berea  grit  

Bedford  shale  

Devonian  shales  

Upper  Silurian  limestones 

Medina  

Hudson  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

120 

120 

30 

150 

50 

200 

50 

250 

560 

810 

675 

1,485 

50 

1,535 

4165 

2,000 

Helderburg,  Niagara, 
Clinton. 


Ironton  Well. 

Coal  measures  . . . .% 

Conglomerate  and  Logan  Group 

Blue  shale  

Sandstone  

Cuyahoga  shales  

Berea  shale 

Berea  grit  

Bedford  shale  and  sand 

Ohio  Shales  (Devonian)  

Corniferous  and  Upper  Silurian  limestones 

Upper  Silurian  and  Hudson  shale  and  limestone 

Top  of  Trenton  at 

Bottom  of  well  at 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

282 

282 

300 

582 

30 

612 

30 

642 

348 

990 

20 

1,010 

47 

1,057 

90 

1,147 

680 

1,827 

584 

2,411 

1,031 

3,442 

3.442 

3,660 

Ill  these  records,  no  mention  is  made  of  the  Niagara  Shale, 
they  agreeing  with  records  of  wells  in  Northeastern  and  East- 
ern Kentucky,  showing  it  thinned  out  just  east  of  the  deep 
trough  of  shale  mentioned  above  on  page  37,  and  replaced  by  the 
Niagara  limestones. 


76 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


BOYD  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Well  near  Summit  Station. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Coal  Measures  and  Conglomerate 675  675 

St.  Louis  limestone  60  735 

Waverly  sands  and  shales 590  1,325 

Berea  shale 20  1,345 

Berea  grit  13  1,358 

Bedford  shale  57  1,415 


The  well  started  fifty-two  feet  above  Coal  No.  6 and  stopped 
just  above  the  Devonian  black  shale.  Shows  of  oil  and  gas  and 
salt  water  were  struck  in  the  Waverly  sands,  and  gas  and  green 
oil  in  the  Berea  Grit. 


No.  2 — Longabaugh  Well  four  miles  south  of  Ashland. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Clay  

Slate  

White  sand  

Slate  

Dark  sand  

White  sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  (salt  water) 

White  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Black  sand  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Limestone  

Shales  and  sands  (salt  water  at 
698)  


14 

14  * 

10 

24 

38 

62 

28 

90 

20 

110 

28 

138 

38 

176 

20 

196 

110 

306 

35 

341 

48 

389 

15 

404 

20 

424 

15 

439  1 

31 

470 

5 

475  I 

25 

500  J 

50 

550 

532 

1,082 

Geological  Formation. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


St.  Louis  Limestone. 
Waverly. 


Some  oil  was  reported.  The  well  probably  stopped  in  the  Berea  Grit. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


77 


No. 


No. 


NO. 


LAWRENCE  COUNTY  WELLS. 


1— -Broas  Well  on  Hood  Creek. 

Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation, 

Soil  

18 

18  1 

Sand  

32 

Clay  

39 

Sand  

7 82 

1172 

Conglomerate  Meas- 

Shale  

52 

1692 

* ures. 

Sand  

50 

2192 

Coal  

2 

2212 

Slate  

12 

2332  „ 

Limestone  

1032 

337 

Sand  

272 

364 

y Chester  and  St.  Louis. 

Limestone  (oil  at  320) 

26 

390  J 

Slate  and  shale  

384 

774 

Waverly. 

Sand  

100 

874 

Berea  (?) 

Black  shale  

5S0 

1,454 

Devonian. 

Sand  

16 

1,470 

Limestone  

145 

1,615 

Some  oil  in  S't.  Louis. 

2 — F.  F.  Well  on  Big-  Blaine  Creek. 

Thickness. 

Soil  12 

Fire  clay  6 

Gray  sand  32 

Black  shale  94 

White  sand  24 

Black  shale  3 

Dark  sand  21 

Gray  sand  and  pebbles 7 

White  sand  21 

Coarse  pebbles  (oil  show) 12 

White,  coarse  sand  (oil  show) 442 

Sand  and  shale 25 

Coarse,  white  sand  and  pebbles  (oil,  gas) . . 252 

Honey-comb  rock  4I02 


All  Conglomerate 
Measures. 


3672 


Lubricating  oil  in  last  member. 


3— Griffiths  Creek. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Sands  and  shales 

790 

790  -j 

j Coal  Measures  and 
) Conglomerate. 

Limestone  

152 

942 

St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  (oil  at  1,423) 

481 

1,423 

Waverly. 

Gray  sand  (oil  at  1,510) 

87 

1,510 

Berea. 

9 

20 

1,530 

Hard  shales  

4 

1,534 

Black  shale  and  lime  shells 

644 

2,178  " 

Limestone  (oil)  

3 

2,181 

Blue  shale  (gas  at  2,211) 

30 

2,211 

- Devonian  Shales. 

Green  shale  (gas  at  2,350) 

158 

2,369 

Black  and  blue  shales 

38 

2,407 

78 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  4— -Horsford  Well,  iy2  miles  above 

mouth 

of  Big  Blaine. 

Thickness. 

, Depth. 

Coal  Measures  and  Conglomerate. 

1,025 

1,025 

. 

St.  Louis  

140 

1,165 

Waverly  

535 

1,700 

Berea  shale  

27 

1,727 

. 

Berea  grit  (gas) 

60 

1,787 

Black  shale  

53 

1,840 

Gas  in  Berea  grit.  Stopped  at  1,840 

in  top  of  Devonian  shales. 

No.  5 — Mouth  of  Big  Blaine. 

Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Soil  

20 

20 

Yellow  sand  

15 

35 

White  sand  

45 

80 

Gray  shale  and  red  rock 

35 

115 

Gray  sand  

25 

140 

- Coal  Measures. 

WThite  sand  

170 

310 

Brown  shale 

45 

355 

Gray  sand  

60 

415 

Black  slate  

15 

430  j 

i 

White  sand  

110 

540  - 

Gray  shale  

50 

590 

Black  shale  

20 

610 

Gray  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . . 

125 

735 

Conglomerate  Meas- 

Black  slate  

30 

765 

* ures. 

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . 

95 

860 

Black  shale  

10 

870 

(No  St.  Louis  shown.) 

White,  conglomerate  sand 

365 

1,235  u 

Waverly,  including 

Green  sand  

5 

1,240 

place  for  St.  Louis.  The 

Gray,  slate  shells 

410 

1,650 

5 feet  of  green  sand  is 

Black  slate  (Berea  shale) 

10 

1,660 

probably  part  of  Ches- 

White  sand  (Berea  grit),  gas.... 

2 

1,662 

* ter  and  the  2 foot  gas 

Sand,  lime  and  shells 

15 

1,877 

sand  part  of  the  Berea 

Sand  and  shale 

65 

1,742 

Grit  under  10  feet  of 
Berea  Shale. 

Black  slate  

5 

1,747  ^ 

Sand  and  shells 

5 

1,752  ( 

► Devonian  Shales. 

Bluish-black  slate  

648 

2,400 

Light  gray  slate 

192 

2,592  J 

Limestone  

5 

2,597 

Corniferous. 

This  record  shows  four  heavy  sands  in  the  Conglomerate 
measures,  which  correspond  approximately  to  the  sands  of 
Floyd,  Pike  and  Martin  counties. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


79 


No.  6 — Berry  Well,  on  Hood  Creek. 

Soil  

S'hale  

Hard  sand  

Fine  sand  and  shale 

Dark  sand  

Shale  

Gray  sand  

Clay  shale  

Gray  sand  

White  sand  

Shale  

Lime  


Gray  sand  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

Sand  and  shale 

Sand  and  blue  shale 

Lime  and  sand  (oil  and  gas) 

White  lime  

Lime  and  sand 

Hard,  reddish  sand 

Yellow  sand  (oil) 

Hard,  reddish,  speckled  sand. 

Dark  sand  (oil) 

Lime  


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


20 

20  I 

82 

102 

25 

127 

14 

141 

10 

151 

9 

160  - 

63 

223 

4 

227  1 

36 

263 

137 

400  1 

95 

495  J 

152 

647 

195 

842 

48 

890 

15 

905 

195 

1,100 

515 

1,615  l 

105 

1,720  J 

20 

1,740 

80 

1,820 

65 

1,885 

27 

1,912 

3 

1,915 

2 

1,917 

28 

1,945 

160 

2,105 

Conglomerate  Meas- 
ures. 


Sc.  Louis. 

Berea  Grit  (?) 

Probably  all  Devon- 
ian. 


JOHNSON  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Well  on  Tom’s  Creek — Van  Hoose  farm. 


Black  slate  

Brown  sand  

White  slate.  

Gray  sand  

White  slate  

White  sand  

White  lime  

Dark  sand  

White  slate  

Gray  sand  

Hard,  slate  shell.  . . . 

Black  shale  

White  slate  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  

Gray  lime  to  bottom 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


185 

185 

1 

20 

205 

1 

30 

235 

I Coal  Measures  and 

130 

365 

j Conglomerate  Meas- 

42 

407 

ures. 

265 

672 

J 

150 

822 

St.  Louis. 

100 

922 

Place  of  Big  Injun  Sand. 

244 

1,166 

L Waverly. 

75 

1,241 

r 

56 

1,297 

J Place  of  Berea  Grit. 

500 

1,797 

14'3 

1,940 

Devonian  Shales. 

13 

1,953 

J 

15 

1,968 

Clinton  (?) 

2,006 

The  well  started  in  the  base  of  the  Coal  Measures  and  shows  two  heavy 
sands  (at  235-365  and  407-672)  in  the  Conglomerate  Measures. 

Samples  of  drillings  showed  the  lime  at  1,953  to  be  Clinton. 


80 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  2 — J.  C.  Murphy  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Sand  and  gravel  

30 

30  ' 

Black  slate  

80 

White  sand  

80 

160 

_ Conglomerate  Meas- 

Black slate  

165 

ures. 

White  sand  

370 

535  ^ 

White  lime  

158 

693 

St.  Louis. 

Black  slate  and  shale 

843  -> 

| 

White  slate  

209 

1,052 

I Waverly. 

Gray  sand  

73 

1,125  1 

I Place  of  Berea  Grit. 

White  slate  and  shell 

50 

1,175  J 

I 

Black  shale  

450 

1,625  j 

- Devonian  Shales. 

White  slate  

1,780  i 

White  lime  

90 

1,870 

Dark  lime  

92 

1,962 

MARTIN  COUNTY  WELLS. 

No.  1 — Jack  Cassidy  farm — Hardin  Br.  of  Coldwater  Pork  of  Rockcastle  Cr. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Drift  

24 

Gray  sand  

88 

112 

Light  slate  

124 

White  sand  

18 

142 

Light  slate  

40 

182 

Gray  sand  

3 

185 

Black  slate  

190 

Gray  sand  

266 

Black  slate  

8 

274 

Gray  sand  

13 

287 

Light  slate  

30 

317 

Black  slate  

404 

Vers7-  dark  sand  (gas) 

15 

419 

Stray  Gas  Sand. 

Black  slate  

56 

475 

White  sand  (salt  water)  . . . . 

93 

568 

Beaver  Sand. 

Black  slate  

573 

Gray  and  white  sands 

69 

642 

Horton  Sand. 

Black  slate  

7 

649 

Gray  sand  

60 

709 

Stray  Sand. 

Black  slate  

2 

711 

Gray  sand  

24 

735 

Black  slate  

3 

738 

White  sand  

102 

840  ‘'I 

| 

Dark  gray  sand 

4 

844 

r*  Pike  S'and. 

White  sand  

58 

902  J 

1 

Black  slate  

53 

955 

Dark  gray  sand 

4 

959 

Dark  slate  

33 

992 

Limy  sand  

6 

998 

Light  slate  

4 

1.002 

White  sand  (gas) 

14 

1,016 

Salt  Sand. 

Light  slate  

34 

1.050 

Base  of  Conglomerate 

Dark  lime  

8 

1.058 

1.111 

Measures. 

Red  shale  

Light  slate  

8 

1.119  1 

L Chester  Group  (Mauch 

White  sand  

26 

1,145  I 

Chunk). 

White  lime  

15 

1,160 

Black  slate  

30 

1,190  J 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


81 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Dark  lime  (gas  at  1,340) .... 

1,390 

St.  Louis — (Gas). 

Sandy  slate  

1,402 

Big  Injun. 

Red  shale  

27 

1,429 

Logan  Shale. 

Dark  slate  

4»45 

1,874 

Pocono  Slate. 

Very  black  slate 

18 

1,892 

Berea  Shale. 

Gray,  limy  sand 

1,919 

Berea  Grit. 

Light  slate  

20 

1,939  ■>> 

Dark  slate  

32 

1,971  ! 

Brown  slate 

10 

1,981  f 

. Devonian  Shales. 

Dark  slate  

24 

2,005  J 

This  well  shows  six  sands  in  the  Conglomerate  Measures,  and  also  gave  a 
strong  flow  of  gas  at  1,340,  in  the  St.  Louis.  The  Big  Injun  is  only  represented 
by  12  feet  of  sandy  shale. 


No..  2 — Warfield  Well. 

Thickness.  Depth. 

Soil  32  32 

Space  11  43 

Coal  7 50 

Gray  sand  97  147 

Coal  3 150 

White  sand  50  200 

Shale  (salt  water) 75  275 

Sand  20  295 

Shale  214  509 

Sugar  sand  71  580 

Smut  seam  1 581 

Space  12  593 

Sand  (oil  show) 88  681 

Shale  18  699 

Sand  51  750 

Shale  200  950 

Pebbly  sand,  (oil,  gas) 50  1,000 

White  and  blue  shale 200  1,200 

Coarse,  pebbly  sand 10  1,210 

Shells  90  1,300 

S’andy  lime  (gas) 7 1,307 


Geological  Formation. 


j Probable  Top  of  Con- 
| glomerate  Measures. 


Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

May  represent  the 
Mauch  Chunk  Shales. 

}May  be  Mt.  Lime  and 
Big  Injun — broken. 
Heavy  gas  flow. 


No.  3 — Burning  Well — across  the  river  from  the  Warfield  Well. 


Soil  

Light  slate  

White  sand  

Coal  

Light  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Light,  shelly  slate 

Black  slate  

Light,  shelly  slate 


26 

26 

46 

72 

44 

116 

5 

121 

80 

201 

18 

219 

20 

239 

20 

259 

57 

316 

50 

366 

75 

441 

Conglomerate  Meas- 
ures (top  uncertain.) 


82 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


White  sand 

Light  slate 
White  sand 
White  slate 

White  sand 

Shelly  slate 
Red  shale  . 
Light  slate 
Red  shale  . 
Light  slate 
Hard  sand 
Red  shale  . . 
White  sand 
Red  shale  . 
Light  slate 

Lime  

•Slate  

Red  shale  . 
Shelly  slate 
Dark  sand  . 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

130 

571 

15 

586 

46 

632 

20 

652 

112 

764 

55 

819 

30 

849 

5 

854 

25 

879 

15 

894 

18 

912 

10 

922 

24 

946 

4 

950 

22 

972 

4 

976 

10 

986 

2 

988 

20 

1,008 

30 

1,038 

Lime 


162  1,200 


Slate  and  sand  shells 


138  1,338 


Well  has  three  sands  in  Conglomerate  Measures. 
Louis  and  Big  Injun. 


No.  4 — Sam.  Munsey  farm — Big  Branch  of  Wolf  Creek. 


Thickneess. 

Depth. 

Drift  

56 

56 

Light  slate 

SO 

Gray  sand  

35 

115 

Light  slate  

23 

138 

Dark  gray  sand 

37 

175 

Dark  slate  

18 

193 

Coal  N 

22 

195 

Dark  slate  

15 

210 

Coal  

4 

214 

Sandy  slate  

8 

222 

Shelly  slate  

240 

462 

Light  sand  

16 

478 

Shelly  slate  

167 

645 

Gray  sand  

45 

690 

Dark  slate  

8 

698 

Gray  sand  

87 

785 

White  sand  

48 

833 

Coal  

32 

836 

Dark  gray  sand 

29 

865 

Dark  gray  slate 

893 

White  sand  (black  oil) 

79 

972 

Shelly  slate  

38 

1,010 

Geological  Formation. 

Gas,  Oil  and  Salt  Wa- 
ter. 

Gas  and  Salt  Water. 

Gas  and  Salt  Water. 

Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 


. Chester  Group  (Mauch 
Chunk). 


j St.  Louis — Gas  in  the 
l limestone  at  1,098. 

{Big  Injun  Group — Gas 
in  sand  shells  at  1,202 
and  1,315. 

Gave  gas  from  both  S't. 


Geological  Formation,, 

1 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


83 


Red  shale  

Black  sand  

Black  slate  

Red  shale  

Black  slate  

Red  shale  

Dark  gray  sand  (gas) 

Dark  gray  slate 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Dark  lime  

White  lime  

Dark  gray  sand 

Sandy  slate  

Black  slate  

Dark  sand  

Dark  slate  

Black  slate  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

15 

1,025 

14 

1,039 

6 

1,045 

10 

1,055 

18 

1,073 

78 

1,151 

12 

1,163 

30 

1,193 

36 

1,229 

6 

1,235 

20 

1,255 

155 

1,410 

10 

1,420 

16 

1,436 

6 

1,442 

15 

1,457 

78 

1,535 

4 

1,539 

Geological  Formation. 

Chester  Group  (Mauch 
Chunk). 

St.  Louis. 

Big  Injun  Group, 
Pocono  Slate. 


This  well  only  shows  two  sands  in  the  Conglomerate  measures,  with  the 
anomaly  of  a strong  gas  flow  from  a sand  in  the  Chester  group.  The  Mountain 
Lime  and  Big  Injun  were  both  unproductive. 


No.  5 — J.  M.  Stepp  farm— Wolf  Creek. 


Drift  

Sand  

Coal  

Slate  

Dark  sand  . 
White  sand' 
Light  slate 
White  sand 
Light  slate 
White  sand 

Coal  

Light  slate 
Gray  sand  . 

Coal  

White  sand 
Light  slate 
White  sand 
Black  slate 
White  slate 
White  sand 
Light  slate 
White  sand 
Black  slate 
White  sand 
Light  slate  . 
Gray  sand  . 
Light  slate 
White  sand 
Gray  sand  . 
Dark  slate 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

18 

18 

12 

30 

22 

32 

12 

44 

15 

59 

40 

99 

10 

109 

40 

149 

5 

154 

56 

210 

22 

212 

105 

317 

8 

325 

22 

327 

10 

337 

20 

357 

12 

369 

20 

389 

40 

429 

21  . 

450 

50 

500 

24 

524 

25 

549 

30 

579 

24 

603 

24 

627 

25 

652 

13 

665 

35 

700 

40 

740 

Geological  Formation. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


(Upper  part  of  Con- 
glomerate Measures 
badly  broken.  Three 
sands  at  810,  919  and 
984,  respectively.) 


84 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

White  sand  

15 

755 

Sandy  slate  

20 

775 

Gray  sand  

25 

800 

Black  slate  

10 

810 

White  sand  

100 

910 

Coal  

3 

913 

Light  slate  

6 

919 

White  sand  

24 

943 

Gray  sand  

13 

956 

Dark  slate  

14 

970 

Light  slate  

14 

984 

White  sand  

19 

1,003 

Yellow  sand  

56 

1,059 

White  sand  

64 

1,123 

Black  slate  

20 

1,143 

Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

Red  shale  

6 

1,149 

Light  sand  

100 

1,249  ! 

Chester  Group  (Mauch 

Dark  slate 

18 

1,267  f 

Chunk). 

Red  shale  

36 

1,303  J 

Blue  lime  (oil  show) 

40 

1,343  ) 

St.  Louis,  with  oil  at 

White  lime  (gas) 

177 

1,520  (• 

1,320  and  gas  at  1,400. 

Blue  slate  

33 

1,553 

Big  Injun  Slate. 

FLOYD  COUNTY  WELLS. 

No.  1 — B.  Allen  farm. — Head  of  Sugar  Camp  Br.  of  Right  Beaver. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Drift  

34 

Slate  

11 

45 

Gray  sand  

15 

60 

Slate  

115 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Gray  sand  

34 

149 

Conglomerate. 

Slate  

158 

Gray  sand  

32 

190 

Black  slate  

24 

214 

Gray  sand  

16 

230 

Black  slate  

4 

234 

Gray  sand  

11 

245 

Black  slate  

35 

280 

Coal  

22 

282 

Black  slate  

38 

320 

Probable  top  of  Con- 
glomerate Measures. 

Gray  sand  

68 

388 

Black  slate  

27 

415 

Gray  sand  

20 

435 

Black  slate  

41 

476 

Gray  sand  

54 

530 

Black  slate  

38 

568 

Coal  

22 

570 

Black  slate  

630 

Sand  (salt  water)  

198 

828 

Beaver  Sand. 

Coal  

829 

Dark  slate  

40 

869 

Gray  sand  

46 

915 

| 

White  sand  

47 

962  1 

L Horton  Sand. 

Gray  sand  

22 

984  J 

1 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


85 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Dark  slate  

1,008 

Dark  gray  sand 

8 

1,016 

Dark  slate  

40 

1,056 

Gray  sand  

7 

1,063 

White  sand  

35 

1,098 

Gray  sand  

17 

1,115 

White  sand  

39 

1,154 

Dark  slate  

32 

1,186 

Gray  and  white  sands 

(gas,  oil, 

salt  water)  

1,236 

Geological  Formation. 


1 

Pike  Sand. 

j 


Salt  Sand. 


The  well  is  all  in  Coal  Measure  and  Conglomerate  rocks.  A section  of 
the  hill,  a short  distance  up  the  creek  from  the  well,  gives  the  No.  1 coal  about 
30  feet  above  the  creek;  this  will  connect  the  well  section  with  the  section 
of  the  Coal  Measures  above  ground. 


No.  2 — Geo.  Allen  farm — Right  Beaver. 


Conductor  

Slate  

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

S’late  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

Gray  sand  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Black,  gray  and  white  sands.... 

Black  slate  

White  sand  (oil) 

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

23 

23 

17 

40 

22 

42 

38 

80 

50 

130 

22 

152 

107 

259 

61 

320 

80 

400 

52 

452 

90 

542 

132 

674 

7 

681 

94 

775  -'j 

27 

802  ! 

98 

900  r 

17 

917  J 

75 

992 

9 

1,001 

7 

1,008 

70 

1,078 

v2 

142 

1,093 

47 

1,140 

Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  S’and. 


Salt  Sand. 


86 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


No.  3 — Newt.  Allen,  farm — Right  Reaver  above  Wilson  Creek. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Conductor  45  45 

Slate  85  130 

Gray  sand  (gas) 31  161 

Slate  50  211 

Gray  sand  12  223 

Slate  53  276 

Gray  sand  19  295 

Slate  74  369 

White  sand  166  535 

Slate  8 543 

White  sand  (salt  water) 205  748 

Coal  22  750 

Gray  sand  18  768 

Dark  slate  28  796 

Yellow  slate  5 801 

Gray  and  white  sands  (gas) 56  857 

Black  slate  13  870 

White  sand  15  885 


Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 
Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 
Salt  Sand. 


No.  4 — Mary  Estep  farm — Right  Beaver. 


Drift  58  58 

Slate  40  98 

Sand  21  119 

Slate  81  200 

Sand  29  229 

Slate  10  239 

Sand  14  253 

Slate  69  322 

Sand  20  342 

Slate  98  440 

Sand  (gas)  118  558 

Slate  2 560 

Sand  (saltwater) 112  672 

Slate  30  702 

Sand  (gas,  salt  water) . ...  67  769 

Slate  19  788 

Shelly  slate  52  840 

Gray  sand  44  884 

Dark  sand  9 893 

White  sand  (gas,  oil)# 87  980 

Slate  * 14  994 

Light  sand  26  1,020 

Slate  23  1,043 

Sand  (oil  and  salt  water) * 66  1,099 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


Horton  Sand. 


j-  Pike  Sand. 


Salt  S'and, 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


87 


No.  5 — John  Martin  farm — Right  Beaver. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 
Drift  25  25 

Slate  25  50  All  Coal  Measures  and 

Coal  32  53  Conglomerate. 

Slate  17  70 

Sand  51  121 

Slate  34  155 

Sand  55  210 

Slate  2 '212 

Sand  29  241 

Slate  194  435 

Sand  (gas)  219  654  Beaver  Sand. 

Coal  22  656 

Slate  19  685 

Sand  105  790  Horton  Sand. 

Slate  3 793 

Sand  31  824 

Slate  3 827 

Sand  35  862 

Slate  35  897 

Sand  (oil;  56  953  Pike  Sand. 

Slate  34  987 

Sand  10  997 

Slate  5 1,002 

Sand  18  1,020 

Slate  29  1,049 

Sand  67  1,116  Salt  Sand. 


The  record  is  all  in  Coal  measures  and  Conglomerate  and  shows  the  latter 
broken  by  additional  beds  of  slate  and  sand  coming  in. 


No.  6 — John  Martin  farm. 

Soil  

Dark  sand  

Coal  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

White  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Dark  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Dark  sand  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  (oil) 

White  slate  

White  sand  (oil) 

Black  slate  

White  sand  (oil) 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

40 

4*0 

15 

55 

5 

60 

35 

95 

15 

110 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

67 

177 

Conglomerate. 

27 

204 

8 

212 

43 

255 

57 

312 

. 20 

332 

107 

439 

231 

670 

Beaver  Sand. 

6 

676 

6 

682 

30 

712 

137 

849 

Horton  Sand. 

10 

859 

23 

882 

30 

912 

84 

996  " 

I 

4 

1,000 

f-  Pike  Sand. 

36 

1,036  _ 

1 

8 

1,044  " 

43 

1,087 

Salt  Sand. 

88 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  7 — Estep  farm — One  and  one-half  miles  below  mouth  of  Jones’  Pork  of  Right 
Beaver. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Soil  

37 

Slate  

160 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

S’and  

262 

Conglomerate. 

Dark  slate  

173 

435 

Gray  sand  

10 

445 

j-  Beaver  Sand.  ' 

White  sand  

236 

681 

Coal  

9 

683 

Gray  sand  

8 

691 

Slate  

25 

716 

White  sand  

149 

865 

Horton  Sand. 

Dark  gray  sand 

10 

875 

Dark  slate  

920 

White  sand  

44 

964 

1 

Sand  and  slate 

30 

994 

> Pike  S’and. 

White  sand  

43 

1,036 

J 

Dark  slate  

18 

1,054 

White  sand  . . 

26 

1,080 

Salt  Sand. 

No.  8 — Mouth  of  Salt  Iiick. 

Soil  

34 

34 

Black  slate  . 

10 

44 

White  sand  

50 

94 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

30 

100 

124 

224 

Conglomerateto  1,130. 

Light  slate  

76 

300 

White  sand  

20 

320 

Light  slate  

130 

450 

White  sand  (oil,  gas,  salt  water) 

212 

662 

Beaver  Sand. 

Black  slate  

30 

692 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

108 

800 

Horton  Sand. 

Coal  

l2 

8012 

Black  sand  

122 

814 

Dark  sand  

30 

844 

Black  slate  

59 

903 

White  and  gray  sand  (gas  and  oil) 

93 

996 

Pike  Sand. 

Very  black  slate 

60 

1,056 

White  and  gray  sand  (salt  water) 

50 

1,106 

Salt  Sand. 

Black  slate  

11 

1,117 

Base  of  Conglomerate 

Dark  lime  

13 

1,130  ■] 

Measures. 

| 

Slate  and  lime  shells 

35 

1,165 

Chester  Group. 

Lime  and  slate 

8 

1,173 

Slate  and  lime  shells 

19 

1,192  J 

1 

Lime  (oil  and  gas  at  1,269) 

138 

1,330 

St.  Louis  Limestone. 

Red  shale  

95 

1,425 

May  correspond  to  Lo- 

Slate and  sand  shells 

181 

1,606 

gan  Shale. 

I 

Black  slate  

44 

1,650 

L Waverly  (Pocono). 

Light-blue  slate  and  sand  shells.. 

130 

1,780  J 

1 

Very  black  slate 

200 

1,980  ] 

Slaty  lime  (gas) 

2 

1,982  1 

L, 

Black  slate  (gas) 

225 

2,207  ! 

' Devonian  Shales. 

Soft,  light  slate.  

33 

2,240  J 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


89 


No.  9 — Refat  farm — Pitt’s  Pork  of  Middle  Creek. 


Soil  

Light  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Light  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Very  dark  slate 

White  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Black  slate  

Very  dark  sand  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Black  slate  

Black  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand,  pebbly  at  base  (gas,  oil 
and  salt  water) 

Black  slate  

Sub.  Carb.  limestone 

Red  shale  .... 

Black  slate  ... 

White  and  shelly  slate 

Dark  slate  

White  and  shelly  slate 

Brown  slate  

White  slate  

Brown  slate  

Black  slate  (gas) 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

22 

22 

28 

50 

20 

70 

30 

100 

70 

170 

8 

178 

82 

260 

65 

325 

58 

383 

17 

400 

28 

4i28 

22 

450 

18 

468 

78 

546 

10 

556 

8 

564 

35 

599 

16 

615 

49 

664 

142 

806 

5 

811 

25 

836  ) 

34 

870  \ 

17 

887 

8 

895 

25 

920 

235 

1,155 

16 

1,171 

201 

1,372 

38 

1,410 

85 

1,495 

100 

1,595  ( 

95 

1,690  { 

60 

1,760  J 

96 

1,856 

12 

1,868  [ 

268 

2,136  ( 

15 

2,141  J 

Base  of  Conglomerate  at  1,171.  Chester  either  missing 
feet  of  Sub.  Carb.  L.  S.  Bottom  of  well  in  Devonian. 


No.  10 — Middle  Creek,  near  Frestonsburg. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Drift  

61 

61 

White  sand  

5 

66 

Light  slate  

34 

100 

Gray  sand  

4 

104 

Light  slate  

36 

140 

Gray  sand  

50 

190 

Black  slate  

5 

195 

Gray  sand  

260 

Light  slate  

121 

381 

Geological  Formation. 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  to  1,171 


Beaver  Sand. 
Horton  Sand. 


Pike  and  Salt  Sands. 
Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

St.  Louis  L.  S’. 

Logan  Shale. 

Waverly  (Pocono). 


Devonian  Shales. 


or  included  in  the  20) 


Geological  Formation. 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  to  851. 


90 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Thickness. 

White  sand  175 

Coal  4 

Gray  sand  . . 15 

Dark  slate  15 

White  sand  114 

Black  slate  8 

Dark  sand  12 

White  sand  (salt  water) 15 

Very  dark  sand 25 

Black  slate  (gas  and  oil  show) ...  25 

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . . 62 

Black  lime 25 

White  lime  39 


Depth. 
556 
560 
575 
. 590 

704s 
712 
724 
739 
764 
789 
851 
876 

915 


Geological  Formation. 
Beaver  Sand 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 

Chester  Lime. 

Part  of  Chester,  or 
possibly  top  of  St. 
Louis. 


No.  11 — Dan.  Howard  farm — Bight  Beaver. 

Soil  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Sandy  slate  

Light  sand  

Light  slate  

Gray  sand  

Light  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . . . 

White  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Very  dark  sand  

Slate  and  sand  shells 

Black  slate  (oil  show) 

Sand  (oil  and  salt  water) 


No.  12 — Jack  Allen  farm — Right  Beaver,  near  Salt  Lick, 


Conductor  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Light  slate 

Blue  sand  

Black  slate  . . . . 
Dark  gray  sand 
Light  slate 
Black  sand 
Light  slate 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate 
Black  sand 
Light  slate 


20 

20 

6 

26 

12 

38 

27 

65 

33 

98 

67 

165 

43 

208 

22 

230 

20 

250 

50 

300 

40 

340 

60 

4i00 

25 

425 

243 

668 

26 

694 

118 

812 

28 

840 

18 

858 

33 

891 

79 

970 

near 

Salt  I 

29 

29 

26 

55 

35 

90 

12 

102 

55 

157 

44 

201 

15 

216 

5 

221 

22 

243 

12 

255 

35 

290 

3 

293 

47 

340 

18 

358 

10 

368 

19 

387 

27 

414 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


91 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Gray  and  white  sands  (gas  and 

salt  water)  

Coals  

White  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  and  black  sands 

Very  black  slate 

Light  sand 

Light  slate  

Dark  gray  sand 

Black  slate  

Sand  (oil)  


Conductor  

Slate  

Coal  

Black  slate  .... 

Coal  No.  1 

White  sand  .... 

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Light  slate  

Coal 

Light  slate  

Sand  

Light  slate  

Light  sand  

Light  slate  

Light  sand 

Slate  

Dark  sand  

Black  slate 

White  sand  (gas; 
Light  slate  .... 
White  sand  .... 

Light  slate  

White  sand  

Coal  

Sand  

Dark  slate 

Dark  gray  sand . . 
Very  black  slate. 

Sand  (gas)  

Black  slate  


238 

652 

Beaver  Sand. 

2 

654- 

8 

662 

' 22 

684 

114 

798 

Horton  Sand. 

5 

803 

44 

847 

53 

900 

11 

911 

3 

914 

2 

916 

8 

924 

28 

952 

Pike  Sand. 

of  Salt  Lick. 

22' 

22 

18 

40 

42 

44 

51 

95 

42 

99 

All  Coal  Mea: 

28 

127 

Conglom 

28 

155 

15 

170 

17 

187 

32 

190 

20 

210 

3 

213 

85 

298 

22 

320 

5 

325 

22 

347 

183 

530 

5 

535 

45 

580 

124 

704 

Beaver  Sand 

10 

714 

129 

843 

Horton  Sand. 

5 

84/8 

67 

915 

Pike  Sand. 

3E 

918 

352 

953 

5 

958 

19 

977 

87 

1,064 

49 

1,113 

Salt  Sand. 

3 

1,116 

No.  14 — Near  Howard’s  Store — Right  Beaver. 


Conductor  31 

Gray  sand  50 

Dark  slate 60 

Gray  sand  13 

Dark  slate  74 

Gray  sand  43 

Dark  slate  216 

White  sand  (gas) 171 


31 

81 

1.41 

154 

228 

271 

487 

658 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


92 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Dark  slate 2 660 

White  sand  (salt  water) 104  764 

Gray  sand  22  786 

White  sand  108  894 

Coal  1=  895 

Gray  sand  20  915 

Dark  slate 20  935 

Gray  and  white  sands  (gas  and 

oil)  107  1,042 


Geological  Formation. 


j>  Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


No.  15 — Dan.  Howard  farm — Right  Beaver,  above  Salt  Dick. 


Conductor  

52 

52 

Gray  sand  

15 

67 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Dark  slate  

12 

79 

Conglomerate. 

Gray  sand  

14 

93 

Dark  slate 

72 

165 

Gray  sand  

45 

210 

Dark  slate  

212 

422 

White  sand  (gas) 

231 

653 

Beaver  Sand. 

Dark  slate  

40 

693 

White  sand  (salt  water) .... 

107 

800 

*Horton  Sand. 

Coal  

l2 

801 

Gray  and  white  sands 

14! 

815 

Dark  slate  

4 

819 

Black  sand  

15 

834 

Black  slate  

Gray  and  white  sands  (gas.  and 

46 

880 

oil)  

59 

939 

Pike  Sand. 

16 — Tucker  Allen 

farm— 

-Right  Beaver,  above 

Goose 

Creek. 

Conductor  

43 

43 

Gray  sand  

58 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Gray  slate 

41 

99 

Conglomerate. 

Gray  sand  

155 

Gray  slate  

107 

262 

Gray  sand  

40 

302 

Gray  slate  

78 

3S0 

Gray  sand  (gas) 

438 

Dark  slate  

42 

4S0 

White  sand  

168 

648 

Beaver  S’and. 

Dark  slate  

32 

680 

White  sand  

94 

774 

Horton  Sand. 

Dark  slate 

41 

815 

Gray  sand  

10 

825 

Black  slate  

835 

Black  and  gray  sands... 

4 

839 

Yellow  slate  . . . . 

6 

S45 

Gray  and  white 

sands 

(oil  and 

gas)  

92 

937 

Pike  Sand. 

Dark  slate 

10 

947 

White  sand  (salt  water)  . 

28 

975 

Salt  Sand. 

Dark  slate 

30 

1,005 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


93 


No.  17 — Webb  farm — Henry  Br.  of  Right  Beaver. 


S’oil  

Very  dark  slate. 
White  sand 
Light  shale  . . . . 

Gray  sand  

Bark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand 

Dark  slate 

White  sand 

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Dark  slate 

White  sand  . . . . 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate 

White  sand  (gas) 

Dark  slate 

Red  shale  

Slate  and  shells.  . 
Sub.  Carb.  lime.  . 

Red  shale  

Shelly  slate  .... 

Black  slate  

Very  dark  sand.. 
Brown  slate  .... 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

27 

27 

6 

33 

45 

78 

72 

150 

59 

209 

17 

226 

25 

251 

21 

272 

18 

290 

160 

450 

60 

510 

Beaver  Sand. 

7 

517 

103 

620 

Horton  Sand. 

8 

628 

20 

648 

24 

672 

63 

735 

Pike  Sand. 

15 

750 

12 

762 

95 

857 

Salt  Sand. 

15 

872 

Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

76 

948  j 

1 Chester  (Mauch 

177 

1,125  j 

i Chunk). 

195 

1,320 

St.  Louis. 

35 

1,355 

Logan  Shales. 

205 

1,560  ^ 

1 

76 

1,636  1 

Waverly  (Pocono). 

90 

1,726  J 

I 

204 

1,930 

Devonian. 

The  90-foot  sand  reported  at  1,636  is  at  the  place  of  the  Berea  grit. 
No  Big  Injun  sand  shown. 


These  Floyd  county  records  have  been  chosen  from  a large 
number  of  records  to  show  the  position  of  the  four  Conglomerate 
sands,  and  the  section  of  the  rocks  under  the  Conglomerate 
measures.  Tn  other  records  the  sands  constituting  the  Beaver, 
Horton,  Pike  and  Salt  sands  are  often,  one  or  more  of  them, 
broken  by  the  interpolation  of  beds  of  slate  or  by  two  of  the 
sands  coming  together,  or  by  one  of  the  sands  suddenly  thin- 
ning down,  to  come  in  again  elsewhere,  this  irregularity  being 
everywhere  characteristic  of  the  Conglomerate  measures. 


94 


■No 


NO. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


PIKE  COUNTY  WELLS. 


. 1 — Schomherg  Well — Caney  Fork  of  John’s  Creek 


Drift  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Lime  

Sand  

Lime  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Red  rock  

Slate  

Sand  

Red  shale  

Red  shale  and  slate . . 

Gray  and  white  lime. 

Slate  

Reddish  sand  

Slate  

2 — Cedar  Creek. 

Drift  

Slate  

Light  sand  

Light  slate  

Light  sand 

Light  slate  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Black  sand  (gas)  . . . . 
Sand  (salt  water) . . . 

Black  slate 

White  sand  

Brown  sand  

Light  slate  ......... 


ohn’s  Creek. 

;kness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

42 

42 

30 

72 

Coal  Measures  and 

32 

101 

Conglomerate  to  1,336. 

216 

320 

35 

355 

66 

421 

57 

478 

13 

491 

8 

499 

9 

508 

5 

513 

8 

521 

20 

541 

22 

563 

12 

575 

65 

640 

Beaver  Sand. 

15 

655 

230 

885 

Horton  Sand. 

30 

915 

! 

1.336  -i 

Pike  and  Salt  Sands. 

421 

> Base  of  Conglomerate 
^ Measures. 

18 

1,354  " 

5 

1,359 

77 

1,486 

^ Chester  Group  (Mauch 

8 

1,444 

Chunk). 

56 

1,500  - 

240 

1,740 

St.  Louis,  with  oil  and 
gas  at  1,615. 

45 

1,795  j 

i 

80 

1,875  ('  Big  Injun  Group. 

260 

2,135 

Pocono  Slate. 

52 

52 

42 

94 

Coal  Measures  and 

36 

130 

Conglomerate  to  1,181. 

88. 

218 

33 

251 

79 

330 

45 

375 

51 

426 

53 

479 

77 

556  1 

8 

564 

f*  Beaver  and  Horton 

193 

757  J 

Sands. 

64 

821 

49 

870  ) 

10 

880  J 

Pike  Sand. 

50 

930 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


95 


White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Black  sand  

Dark  slate  

Dark  limy  sand 

Black  lime  

Shelly  slate  

Red  shale  

Gray  sand  

Red  shale  

Gray  lime 

White  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  (oil  and  salt  water) . . 


Drift  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Dark  sand  

Black  slate  

Dark  sand  

Sandy  slate  

Blue  sand  (salt  water) 

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Sandy  slate  

Black  slate  

Blue  sand  

Black  slate  

Blue  sand  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Black  slate  

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . 

Gray  sand  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Black  slate  

Dark  slate 

White  sand  

Gray  sand  

Light  slate  

Red  shale  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Lime  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

White  sand  (gas) 

Dark  slate 


ckness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

190 

1,120  i 

j-  S’alt  Sand. 

12 

1,132 

49 

1,181 

Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

14 

1,195  ' 

16 

1,211 

25 

1,236 

12 

1,248 

1 Chester  Group  (Mauch 

10 

1,258 

Chunk).  ^ 

20 

1,278 

3 

1,281 

69 

1,350  > 

1 

1,351 

St.  Louis — nearly  cut 
out. 

62 

1,413 

Keener  Sand. 

27 

1,440 

61 

1,501 

Big  Injun,  with  oil  and 
salt  water. 

Creek. 

34 

34 

27 

61 

32 

93 

Coal  Measures  and 

53 

146 

Conglomerate  to  1,400. 

3 

149 

11 

160 

18 

178 

59 

237 

7 

244 

78 

322 

30 

352 

32 

384 

21 

405 

57 

462 

17 

479  i 

20 

499  j 

Beaver  Sand. 

67 

566 

150 

716  j 

129 

845  i 

* Horton  Sand. 

35 

880 

146 

1,026 

18 

I Pike  Sand. 

231 

1,275  J 

1 

32 

1,307 

33 

1,340 

12 

1,352  j 

48 

1,400  j 

' Salt  Sand. 

Base  of  Conglomerate 

90 

1,490  " 

Measures. 

6 

1,496 

| 

33 

1,529  1 

>■  Chester  Group  (Mauch 

63 

1,592 

Chunk). 

8 

1,600  j 

May  be  part  of  Mt. 

30 

1,630 

Lime. 

33 

1,663  ) 

23 

1,686  } 

Big  Injun. 

65 

1,751 

Pocono  Slate. 

96 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  4 — Big  Creek. 

Drift  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Sand  

Dark  slate  

Limy  sand  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Coal  

Sand  

Slate  

Lime  

Slate  

Black  sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Light  gray  sand 

Limy  gray  sand 

White  sand  

Coal  

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) 

Coal  

Dark  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Very  black  slate 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

S’ub.  carb.  lime 

Dark  gray  sand 

Slate  


Thickness.  Depth. 


24 

10 

12 

8 

35 

10 

21 

4 

15 

46 
15 
55 
80 

4 

42 

64 

10 

30 

10 

15 

75 

15 

355 

27 

22 

47 

14 
47 

32 

134 

32 

12 

24; 

152 

24 
61 

215 

25 

15 


24 

34 

46 

54 

89 

99 

120 

124 

139 

185 

200 

255 

335 

339 

381 

445 

455 

485 

495 

510 

585 

600 

955 

982 

1,004 

1,051 

1,065 

1,112 

1,115 

1,249 

1,252 

1,264 

1,288 

1,440 

1,464 

1,525 

1,740 

1,765 

1,780 


•To.  5 — riem.  Maynard  farm — Big  Br.  of  Brushy  Pork. 


Drift  

Sand  

Light  slate 
Gray  sand 
Dark  slate 
White  sand 
Dark  slate 
White  sand 
Black  slate 

Coal  

Light  slate 
Gray  sand  . 
Dark  slate 
Coal  


9 

4 

27 

54 

11 

37 

62 

30 
16 

3s 

7 

105 

31 
42 


9 

13 

40 

94 

105 

142 

204 

234 

250 

253 

260 

365 

396 

400 


Geological  Formation. 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  to  1,525. 


Beaver  Sand  (Thick- 
ened). 


"j 

Horton  Sand. 

J 


Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 

} Chester  and  Mountain 
Lime. 

Big  Injun. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  to  1,312. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


97 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  (salt  water) 

Light  slate  

White  sand  

Dark  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . 

Black  slate  

Blue  sand  

Black  slate  

Sand  (gas  and  salt  water) 

Dark  sand  

White  sand  

Coal  

Sand  

Red  shale  

Sandy  slate  

White  sand 

Lime  

Slate  

White  sand  

Dark  sand  

Sandy  slate  

Gray  sand  

Sandy  slate  

Lime  (red  shale  at  base) 

Blue  sand  

Slate  

Dark-brown,  slate  


10 

410 

18 

00 

<M 

1 

15 

443 

f*  Beaver  S’and. 
{ 

21 

464 

28 

492  - 

1 

70 

562 

21 

583 

Horton  Sand. 

208 

791 

251 

1,042 

Pike  Sand. 

13 

1,055 

12 

1,067 

68 

1,135 

88 

1,223  ^ 

1 

8 

1,231 

>-  Salt  Sand. 

56 

1,287  ^ 

1 

1 

1,288 

Base  of  Conglon 

24 

1,312 

Measures. 

12 

1,324  1 

15 

1,339 

61 

1,400 

12 

1,412 

8 

1,420 

49 

1,469 

' Chester  Group  ( 

28 

1,497 

Chunk). 

24 

1,521 

18 

1,539 

27 

1,566  , 

214 

1,780 

St.  Louis. 

20 

1,800 

Big  Injun. 

410 

2,210 

Pocono  Slates. 

47 

2,257 

Devonian  Shale. 

These  Pike  county  wells  start  near  the  base  of  Coal  Measures,  No.  1 coal  be- 
ing about  100  feet  above  the  bed  of  the  river  at  Pikeville. 


KNOTT  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Ball’s  Pork,  five  and  one-half  miles  from  Hindman. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Soil  

10 

10 

Light  slate  

10 

20 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

S'a  n d 

4 

24 

Conglomerate. 

Coal  

52 

29 

Dark  slate  

5 

34 

Gray  sand  

32 

66 

Coal  

32 

69 

Light  slate  

15 

84 

Sanrl  

16 

100 

Slate  

20 

120 

Gray  sand  

27 

147 

Coal  

32 

150 

Black  slate  

16 

166 

White  sand  

44 

210 

Coal  

42 

214 

98 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation, 

Black  slate  

34 

248 

Gray  sand  

15 

263 

Light  slate  

60 

323 

White  sand  

12 

335 

Light  slate  

30 

365 

Coal  

42 

369 

Dark  slate  

70 

439 

Gray  sand  

12 

451 

Light  slate  

54 

505 

Sand  

20 

525 

Black  slate  

128 

653 

Probable  top  of  Con- 

White sand  

37 

690 

glomerate  Measures. 

Dark  slate 

62 

752 

White  sand  

25 

777 

Shelly  slate 

188 

965 

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water, , 

215 

1,180 

Beaver  Sand. 

Black  slate  

20 

1,200 

White  and  dark  sands 

126 

1,326 

Horton  Sand. 

Dark  slate  (salt  water) 

12 

1,338 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

312 

1,650 

Pike  and  Salt  Sands. 

No.  2 — J.  M.  Conley  farm — Head  of  Salt  Lick  Cr. 


Drift  

22 

22 

Slate  

30 

52 

Sand  

20 

72' 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Coal  

2* 

74 

Conglomerate. 

Dark  slate 

45 

119 

Gray  sand  

3 

122 

• 

Dark  slate  

23 

145 

Top  of  Conglomerate 

White  sand  

49 

194 

Measures. 

Slate  

54 

248 

White  sand  

47 

295 

Dark  slate  

50 

345 

White  sand  

48 

393 

Dark  slate  

45 

438 

White  sand  

30 

468 

Dark  slate 

70 

538 

Gray  sand  

50 

588  ] 

1 Beaver  and  Horton 

White  sand  

250 

838  i 

j-  Sands. 

Coal  

2 

840 

Dark  slate  

39 

879 

Gray  and  white  sands  (salt  water) 

105 

984 

Pike  Sand. 

Dark  slate  

25 

1,009 

Gray  sand  

15 

1,014 

Slate  

156 

1,180 

White  sand  (oil  and  salt  water) . . 

28 

1,208 

Salt  S’and. 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


99 


No.  3 — Triplett  well — Jones  Pork. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Sand  and  gravel 31  31 

Slate  9 40 

Coal  3 43 

Slate  and  sand  shells 80  123 

Black  shale  27  150 

Sand  50  200 

Slate  30  230 

Sand  20  250 

Black  slate  and  sand  shells 150  400 

Sand  (gas)  10  410 

Slate  25  435 

Sand  180  615 

Slate  35  650 

Sand  130  780 

Broken  sand  and  slate 100  880 

Sand  (black  oil  at  990) 110  990 

Black  slate  10  1,000 

Slate  and  sand  shells 51  1,051 

Top  of  salt  sand  at 1,051 

Stopped  in  broken  sand  at 1,096 


No.  4— Wm.  Inman  farm — Rock  Pork  of  Right  Beaver. 


Drift  24  24 

Slate  30  54 

Sand  12  66 

Slate  19  85 

Coal  2 87 

Slate  45  132 

Sand  15  147 

Slate  41  188 

Sand  (salt  water) 45  233 

Slate  68  301 

Sand  8 309 

Slate  127  436 

Sand  20  456 

Slate  6 462 

Sand  18  480 

Slate  8 488 

White  sand  79  567 

Slate  ' 3 570 

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water)  . 115  685 

Slate  ...4  * 2 687 

Light  sand  22  709 

Slate  38  747 

White  and  gray  sands  (salt  water)  124  871 

Black  slate  2 873 

Gray  sand  (oil  show) 20  893 

Black  slate  2 895 

White  sand  (salt  water) 121  1,016 

Black  slate  35  1,051 

White  sand  (oil  and  salt  water) . . 106  1,157 


Geological  Formation. 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

Probable  top  of  Con- 
glomerate Measures. 

Beaver  Sand. 

Horton  Sand. 

Pike  Sand. 

Salt  S’and. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 

Horton  Sand. 
Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 


100 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


ffo.  5 — Andy  Cobum  farm — Bock  Pork  of  Right  Beaver. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  

Slate  

Sand  

Coal  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  and  red  shale. 

Coal  

Slate  


26 

38 

16 

62 

9 

20 

145 

82 

67 


26 

64 

80 

86 

95 

115 

260 

26S 

335 


Dark  gray  sand 
White  sand  . . . 

Slate  

Sand  


375 

385 

462 

472 


Light  gray  sand 

(oil  and  gas) .... 

148 

694 

Slate  

14 

708 

Very  dark  sand  . 

7 

715 

Gray  sand  (salt 

water)  . . 

108 

823 

Slate  

14 

837 

Gray  sand  (salt 

water)  . . 

120 

957 

Slate  

28 

985 

White  sand  (gas, 

oil, 

salt 

water, . 

126 

1,111 

Slate  

35 

1,146 

Sand  and  slate  . . 

27 

1,173 

Gray  and  white  sands 

(salt  water) 

31 

1,204 

Black  slate  . . . . 

18 

1,222 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

41 

1,263 

6 — Esther  Horton 

. farm — Rock  Pork 

of  Right  Beavei 

Drift  

21 

21 

Slate  

100 

121 

Sand  

14 

135 

Slate  

41 

176 

Sand  

36 

212 

Slate  

3 

215 

Sand  

35 

250 

Slate  

151 

401 

Sand  

9 

410 

Slate  

35 

445 

White  sand  . . . . 

213 

65S 

Coal  

22 

660 

Sand  

30 

690 

Coal  

22 

692 

Slate  

31 

723 

Sand  (oil)  

S9 

812 

Slate  

12 

824 

Black  sand  

11 

835 

Black  slate  

9 

844 

Sand  

13 

857 

Slate  

5 

S62 

White  sand  (gas, 

oil, 

salt 

water) . 

136 

998 

Black  slate  . . . . 

17 

1,015 

Gray  sand  (gas; 

87 

1,092 

White  sand  . . . . 

18 

1,110 

Gray  limy  sand. 

29 

1,139 

Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Probable  top  of  Con- 
glomerate Measures. 


Beaver  Sand. 
Horton  Sand. 

Pike  Sand  (with  a 
break). 


Salt  Sand  (with  a 
break) 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  S’and. 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


101 


No.  7 — Andy  Coburn  farm — Rock  Pork. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  20  20 

Slate  39  59 

S'and  21  80 

Slate  12  92 

Coal  8 100 

Sand  42  142 

Slate  48  190 

Sand  48  238 

Slate  242  480 

Sand  (gas  and  salt  water) 228  708 

Slate  44  752 

Sand  20  772 

S’late  (salt  water)  16  788 

Sand  63  851 

Black  slate  12  863 

Gray  sand  9 872 

Black  slate  9 881 

White  sand  52  933 

Black  slate  4 937 

White  sand  82  1,019 

Black  slate  28  1,047 

White  sand  51  1,098 

Slate  and  shells 21  1,119 

White  sand  (salt  water) 29  1,148 


Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


Horton  Sand. 


L Pike  Sand  (with 
break). 


1 Salt  Sand  (with 
break). 


No.  8 — Webb  farm — Above  mouth  of  Jones’  Fork. 


Drift  

Coal  

Sand  

Black  slate  

Light  slate  

Coal  

Slate  and  sand  layers 

White  sand 

Slate  

White  sand  (gas,  oil,  salt  water) . 

Slate  

Sand  (salt  water) 

Slate  

Black  sand  

White  sand  

Black  slate  to  bottom. 


35  35 

5 40 

40  80  All  Coal  Measures  and 

80  160  Conglomerate. 

70  230 

3 233 

207  440 

40  480  Beaver  Sand. 

20  500 

220  720  Horton  Sand. 

5 725 

127  852  Pike  Sand. 

35  887 

25  912  ^ 

94  1,006  \ Salt  Sand- 


102 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  9 — Lindsay  Triplett  farm — Jones’  Pork. 


Soil  

Thickness. 
36 

Depth. 

36 

Slate  . 

6 

42 

Black  sand  

160 

202 

Gray  sand  

110 

312 

Slate  and  shells 

160 

472 

Gray  sand  

100 

572 

Slate  

5 

577 

White  sand  (.salt  water) 

203 

780 

Slate  and  shells  

75 

855 

Black  sand  

20 

875 

Slate  

25 

900 

White  sand  

125 

1,025 

Slate  

25 

1,050 

White  sand  

75 

1,125 

Slate  

20 

1,145 

White  sand  

30 

1,175 

Black  slate  

5 

1,180 

White  sand  (salt  water)  . . . . 

32 

1,212 

KNOX  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — John  J.  Disney  farm — Big1  Richland  Creek. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Soil  15  15 

Slate  35  50 

Sand  5 55 

Slate  45  100 

Shale 140  240 

Sand  (oil  show) 20  260 

Shale  5 265 

Sand  10  275 

Sliale  85  360 

Sand  20  380 

Black  sand  I Oil,  gas  and  33  413 

Gray  sand  j saltwater 79  492 

Light  sand  J 68  560 


No.  2 — W.  M.  Gilbert  farm — Big  Richland  Creek. 


Sand  60  60 

Shale  120  ISO 

Coal  6 186 

Sand  18  204 

Shale  66  270 

Sand  (salt  water) 25  295 

Shale  133  428 

Sand  (oil  at  445) 67  495 


Geological  Formation. 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

Beaver  Sand. 

Horton  Sand. 

Pike  Sand. 

Salt  Sand. 


Geological  Formation. 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

Wages  Sand. 

I 

I 

Jones  Sand. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Jones  Sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


103 


No.  3 — Anthony  Mills  farm — Goose  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Soil  

6 

6 

Slate  

1 

7 

Gravel  

9 

16 

Slate  

90 

Coal  

7 

97 

Gumbo  

I2 

98 

Slate  

153 

Sand  

20 

173 

Shale  

10 

183 

Slate  

26 

209 

Sand  

15 

224 

Slate  

276 

Salt  sand  . ... 

7 

283 

Slate  

92 

375 

Sand  

389 

Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


No.  4 — Madeline  Gray  farm — Gray’s  Station. 


Soil  

Shale  

White  sand  

Black  shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Coal  

Sand  

Red  shale  

Black  shale  

Sand  

Red  shale  

Hard,  black  shale 

Red  shale  

Hard  lime  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  

Soft  shale  

White,  hard  lime 

Soft,  black  lime 

Hard,  gray  lime 

Blue  lime  

Gray  lime  

White  lime  

Dark  gray  lime 

Sand  

Coarse,  green  sand 

Black  shale  

White  shale  

Dark  shale  

Dark  sand  

Dark  shale  

Pale-green  sand  and  shale 

Shale  and  sand 

Dark  shale  and  sand 

Shale  and  sand  


20 

20  'I 

80 

100 

215 

315 

30 

345 

150 

495  j> 

8 

503 

129 

632 

3 

635 

275 

910  J 

40 

950  'l 

20 

970 

10 

980  | 

% 25 

1,005  ! 

' 24 

1.029  | 

41 

1,070 

10 

1,080  1 

28 

1,108  J 

70 

1,178 

5 

1,183 

90 

1,273 

4 

1,277 

241 

1,301  [ 

20 

1,321 

15 

1,336 

14 

1,350 

19 

1,369  - 

7 

1,376  ) 

20 

1,396  J 

24 

1,420  'j 

5 

1,425 

15 

1,440 

5 

1,445 

10 

1,455  y 

20 

1,475 

10 

1,485 

15 

1,500 

40 

1,540  - 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Chester. 


1"  St.  Louis. 


Big  Injun. 


}-  Waverly. 


104 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Sand,  lime  and  shale. 

Light  sand  

Light  shale  

Sand  and  shale  

Lime  and  shale 

Black  shale  

White  shale  

Sand  

Light  shale  

Lime  

Light  shale  

Shale  and  sand  

Light  shale  

Lime  

Light  shale  

Sand  

Sand  and  shale 


Soil  

Sand  

Gray  shale  

Gray  sand  

Black  shale  

Sand  

Mixed  shale  

Black  shale  and  coal. 

Stray  sand  (oil) 

Sand  (oil)  


Clay  

Slate  

Sand  (black  oil  show) 

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  (oil)  


Soil  

Sand  

White  slate  

Brown  shale  

Slate  

Sand  (show  of  oil) 

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Black  slate  (salt  water  and  gas) . . 
Sand  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

32 

1,572  " 

15 

1,587 

13 

1,600 

“ Waverly,  continued. 

15 

1,615 

50 

1,665  „ 

120 

1,785  ) 

5 

1,790  j 

■ Devonian  Shales. 

5 

1,795 

25 

1,820  ' 

2 

1,822 

30 

1,852 

48 

1,900 

1 

30 

1,930 

Niagara  and  Clinton. 

5 

1,935 

(Base  uncertain.) 

20 

1,955 

7 

1,962 

12 

1,974 

. — Typical  ‘ 

‘Jones  Sand”  welL 

17 

17 

15 

32 

25 

57 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

33 

90 

Conglomerate. 

140 

230 

20 

250 

Wages  Sand. 

100 

350 

15 

365 

10 

375 

Stray  Sand. 

15 

390 

Jones  Sand. 

m — Little  Richland 

Creek. 

*8 

8 

30 

38 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

70 

108 

Conglomerate. 

100 

208 

20 

228 

Wages  Sand. 

70 

298 

8 

306 

Stray  Sand. 

44 

350 

30 

380 

Jones  Sand. 

) Richland 

Creek. 

15 

15 

25 

40 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

20 

60 

Conglomerate. 

20 

80 

60 

140 

20 

160 

Wages  Sand. 

85 

245 

15 

260 

Stray  Sand. 

30 

290 

5 

295 

68 

363 

Jones  Sand. 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


105 


NTo.  8 — John  Wages  farm — Little  Richland  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Clay  

9 

9 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Shale  

30 

39 

Conglomerate. 

Sand  (black  oil)  

15 

54 

Wages  Sand  No.  1. 

Slate  

50 

104 

Sand  

20 

124 

Slate  

20 

144 

Sand  (oil)  

18 

162 

Wages  Sand  No.  2. 

9 — Barbourville. 

Dark  shale  

90 

90 

(All  Coal  Measures 

Fine,  gray  sand 

20 

110 

"1  and  Conglomerate). 

Dark  gray  sand 

90 

200 

r Wages  Sand. 

Gray  sand  

15 

215 

J 

Dark  shale  

25 

240 

Sand  and  black  shale 

25 

265 

Gray  sand  

10 

275 

j-  Jones  Sand. 

Fine,  gray  sand 

65 

340 

Black  shale  and  sand 

78 

418 

Fine,  gray  sand 

42 

460 

Dark  shale  and  sand 

75 

535 

Fine,  gray  sand 

5 

540 

Fine,  brown  sand 

10 

550 

1 

Epperson  Sand. 

Brownish  sand  (oil) 

52 

555 

1 

J 

Brown  sand  (salt  water) 

25 

580 

Limestone  reported  at  1,200  feet. 

10 — Dozier  farm — righting  Creek. 

Sand  

16 

16 

S’hale  

25 

41 

Coal  

3 

44 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Black  shale  

123 

167 

Conglomerate. 

Lime  

23 

190 

Sand  

35 

225 

Wages  Sand. 

Lime  

15 

240 

Slate  

120 

360 

Sand  

100 

460 

Jones  Sand. 

Slate  

15 

475 

Sand  

250 

725 

Epperson  Sand. 

Coal  

2 

727 

Sand  

173 

900 

Salt  Sand. 

The  lime  reported  in  this  well  at  190  and  240  is  probably  close,  hard  sand. 

Enough  deep  drilling  has  been  done  in  Knox  county  to  dem- 
onstrate, when  the  records  are  combined  with  those  from  ad- 
joining counties,  the  presence  of  the  Big  Injun  sand  under  the 
whole  area  at  average  depths  of  from  1,200  to  1,400  feet.  At 
points  in  this  county  this  sand  has  already  given  strong  hows 
of  gas  and  this,  with  the  reputation  this  sand  already  has  as 
a producer  in  otherlocaliti.es,  combined  with  the  moderate  depth 
at  which  it  can  be  reached,  ought  to  make  it  worthy  of  a more 
extended  test  of  its  possibilities  as  a producer  here. 


106 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


ROCKCASTLE 

COUNTY 

WELL. 

Near  Mullen’s  Station. 

Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Conglomerate  

100 

100 

Conglomerate. 

St.  Louis  limestone 

100 

200 

St.  Louis.  ' 

Fine  sand  

150 

350  j 

• Waverly. 

STiale  

200 

550  j 

Black  shale  

150 

700 

Devonian  Shale. 

Heavy,  sandy  limestone 

20 

720 

Corniferous. 

Shale  

30 

750 

Niagara  Shale. 

Shaly,  blue  limestone 

300 

1,050  " 

: Hudson,  with  prob- 

Sandy  limestone  

90 

1,140 

L ably  some  Upper 

Thin,  crystalline  limestones 

200 

1,340  J 

| Silurian  at  the  top. 

Gray,  crystalline  limestones 

150 

1,4-90 

Trenton  (?) 

White,  lithographic  limestones. . . . 

— 

— 

Birdseye  (?) 

The  upper  part  of  the  150  feet  of  sand  shown  under  the  St.  Louis  L.  S.  belongs 
to  the  “Big  Injun.” 


PULASKI  COUNTY  WELL. 


Well  at  Eubanks. 


Depth. 


Geological  Formation. 


At  50 — .Very  light,  fine-grained,  soft  lime St.  Louis. 

160— Dark  shale  J.Waverly  (50  to  360). 

360  to  400 — Black  shale  Devonian. 

At  400 — Dark  gray,  crystalline  lime Corniferous. 

510 — Gray  lime (Clinton  and  Niagara  not  shown). 

540 — Dark,  greenish-gray,  shaly  lime Top  of  Hudson  about  425. 

675 — (Light  shales  and  lime. 

695 — Mottled,  red  lime. 

700 — Mottled,  red  lime. 

728 — Mottled,  gray  and  white  lime. 

800 — Small  flow  of  gas. 

800 — Gray  lime. 

825 — Very  dark  lime. 

870 — Dark  gray  lime. 

928 — Very  dark  lime. 

986 — Mixed,  light  and  dark  gray  lime Top  of  Trenton  about  950. 

1,045 — Light  lime. 

1,100 — Mottled,  gray  lime. 

1,125 — Mixed,  gray  and  white  lime Top  of  Birdseye  about  1,200. 

1,230 — Very  dark  dove-colored  lime. 

1,235 — Light  dove-colored  lime. 

1,240 — Dark  dove-colored  lime Birdseye  and  Chazy  to  bottom. 

1,245 — Hard,  light-green  sandstone,  with  dark  specks. 

1,250 — Mottled,  dove-colored  lime. 

1,330 — Dove-colored  lime. 

1,400—  “ “ “ 

1,520 — “ “ “ 

Bottom  at  1,520. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


107 


Attention  is  called  to  a persistent  bed  of  red  rock  which  ap- 
pears in  this  well  at  195  feet  below  the  Black  Shale,  at  185  feet 
below  the  Clinton  in  the  Pine  Knot  well,  at  155  feet  below  the 
Black  Shale  in  the  Dishmgn  well  in  Wayne  county,  and  at  165 
feet  below  the  Black  Shale  in  one  of  the  Tennessee  wells.  It 
shows  at  695  and  700  in  the  above  record.  The  same  thing  shows 
in  Warren  county  in  the  Bowling  Green  well  at  180  feet  below 
the  Black  Shale, 


WHITLEY  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  I — One  mile  north  of  Pine  Knot. 


This  well  was  drilled  by  Mr.  L.  E.  Bryant,  who  kept  an  ac- 
curate set  of  samples  of  the  drillings.  The  record  is  one  of  the 
best  in  that  section  of  the  State  and  furnishes  a typical  sec- 
tion of  the  Conglomerate  measures  in  their  increased  thickness, 
and  of  the  underlying  rocks  down  into  the  upper  part  of  the 
Trenton  group.  The  well  begins  about  90  feet  below  the  Laurel 
coal  and  just  below  the  top  of  the  Conglomerate  measures. 

Pine  Knot  well. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Sand  55  55 

Coal  % 

Sand  28  83 

Slate  10  93 

Sand  112  205 

Slate  10  215 

Sand  95  310 

Slate  10  320  I 

Slate  and  sand  10  330  I 

®and  5 335  Conglomerate  Meas- 

Slate  5 340  ' ures. 

Sand  5 345 

Slate  25  370 

S’and  50  420 

Slate  20  4'40 

Sand  61  501 

Coal  3 % 504% 

Slate  56  560 

Slate  and  sand  10  570 

Sand  10  580 

Slate  32  612 


108 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Sand  

23 

635 

Slate  

7 

642 

Sand  

13 

655 

Slate  

20 

675 

10 

685 

Slate  

25 

710 

Sand  and  slate 

12 

722 

Slate  

19 

741  j 

Coal  

6 

747 

Slate  and  sand  

13 

760 

Slate  

7 

767 

Sand  

8 

775 

Slate  and  sand  

10 

785 

Sand  

15 

800 

Black  slate  

7 

807  - 

Red  sand  - 

11 

818  'j 

Dark  slate  

3 

821 

6 

827  1 

Dark  lime 

20 

847 

Brown,  limy  marl 

8 

855  1 

Dark  blue  slate 

7 

862  \ 

Reddish  lime 

4 

866 

Light  brown,  limy  marl 

10 

876 

Dark  blue  slate 

4 

880 

Light  brown,  limy  marl 

5 

885 

Gray,  limy  marl  and  blue  slate... 

15 

900  v 

Dark  lime  

55 

955  ' 

Light  lime  with  oolite 

20 

975 

Dove-colored  lime  

5 

980 

Dark  lime  and  shale 

5 

985 

Light  colored  lime 

20 

1,005 

Dark  lime  with  streaks  of  shale  . 

25 

1,030 

Dark  shale  and  lime. 

5 

1,035 

Dark  dove-colored  lime 

20 

1,055  1 

White  and  brown  limes  with  lay- 

ers of  black  slate 

20 

1,075  1 

Light  brown  lime 

5 

1,080  | 

Gray  limy  shale 

5 

1,085 

Brown  lime  

20 

1,105  1 

Light  dove-colored  and  white  limes 

190 

1,295  J 

Light  brown  lime  

5 

1,300  ^ 

Light  green,  sandy  lime 

5 

1,305  1 

Very  light  brown,  sandy  lime.... 

15 

1,320  1 

Very  dark  lime  and  slate 

10 

1,330  1 

Gray  lime  

20 

1,350  1 

Dark,  limy  sand 

10 

1,360  1 

Brownish,  impure  lime 

10 

1,370  1 

Dark,  limy  slate  

10 

1,380  1 

Very  dark  lime  

30 

1.410 

Dark,  limy  slate 

5 

1,415 

Dark  lime  

5 

1,420  | 

Dark  slate  

8 

1,428 

White  and  gray  limes 

12 

1,440 

Light  lime  

30 

1,470 

Gray  and  white  limes  

20 

1,490 

Hard,  dark  and  white  sands 

5 

1,495 

Alternating,  gray  and  white  sands 

and  sandy  limestones 

65 

1,560 

Geological  Formation. 


Conglomerate  Meas- 
ures, continued. 


Base  of  Conglomerate. 


Chester  Group. 


St.  Louis  Group. 


Oil  Show. 


Keokuk — Waverly 
Group. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


109 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Soft,  limy  shale  and  hard  sand 

shell  5 1,565 

Gray,  sandy  lime 5 1,570 

Dark,  limy  shale  30  1,600 

Black  shale  15  1,615 

Dark  brown  shale 15  1,630 

Black  shale 5 1,635 

Dark  brown  shale 5 1,640 

Black  shale  5 1,645 

Dark,  greenish  shales 30  1,675 

Greenish-gray  shales  with  streaks 

of  lime  a'nd  reddish  shale. — 47  1,720 

Red  iron  ore  at  1,720 

Iron  ore,  dark  shales  and  magne- 
sian limestone  15  1,735 

Dark,  limy  shale 7 1,742 

Dark  limes  and  limy  shales 43  1,785 

Dark  limes  55  1,840 

Dark  gray  and  dark  reddish  limes  40  1,880 

Dark  and  light  gray  limes  and 

dark,  limy  slate 85  1,915 

Dark,  reddish  lime 25  1,940 

Dark  gray  lime 35  1,975 

Dark  bluish-gray  and  white  limes  305  2,280 

Cave  in  dark  slate  at 2,290 

Dark,  bluish-gray  and  white  limes  102  2,392 

Blue  and  white  limes  and  gray 

lime  shale  18  2,410 

Light  -gray  lime  shale  with  dark 

slate  shells  12  2,422 

Gray  lime  30  2,452 

Grayish-brown  and  white  crystal- 
line limes  59  2,511 


Geological  Formation. 

Keokuk- Waverly 

Group,  continued. 

J 

- Devonian  Shales. 

j-  Niagara  Shales, 
f-  Clinton. 


Hudson. 

J About  base  of  Hudson. 
► Trenton  Group. 


J 


No.  2 — J.  P.  Sharp  farm — Rockhold  Station — Eastern  edge  of  Whitley  county. 


Soil  

14 

Black  shale  

36 

50 

White  lime  

55 

Coal  

56 

Coal  Measures  and 

Blue  slate  

145 

Conglomerate  to  1,057. 

White  sand  

155 

Black  slate  

185 

White  sand  

205 

Black  slate  

315 

Gray  sand  

505 

Black  slate  

545 

White  sand  

165 

710 

' 

Black  slate  

740 

White  sand  (oil  show) 

230 

970 

Black  slate  

1,005 

Sand  

1,031 

Coal  

2 

1,033 

Black  slate  

4' 

1,037 

White  sand  

1,0412 

Black  shale  

1,057 

Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

110 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


White  lime  . 
Black  shale  . 
White  sand  . 
White  shale 
White  lime 
White  shale 
White  lime  . 
White  shale 
White  lime  . 
Brown  sand 
Blue  sand  . . 
Blue  shale  . . 
Brown  shale 
White  shale 
Brown  shale 
White  shale 
Red  shale  . . 
White  shale 
Red  shale  . . 
White  shale 
White  lime  . 

STiale  

White  lime 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

5 

1,062 

4 

1,066 

25 

1,091 

60 

1,151 

54 

1,205 

50 

1,255 

30 

1,285 

5 

1,290 

265 

1,555 

35 

1,590 

' 27 

1,617 

188 

1,805 

120 

1,925 

15 

1,940 

5 

1,945 

60 

2,005 

5 

2,010 

35 

2,045 

15 

2,060 

5 

2,065 

70 

2,135 

70 

2,205 

25 

2,230 

Geological  Formation. 


- Chester  and  St.  Louis. 


J 

j-  Big  Injun. 

Waverly. 

j*  Devonian  Shales. 

* Niagara  and  Clinton 
Shales. 

Hudson. 


WAYNE  COUNTY  WELLS. 


Id  Wavne  but  few  complete  records  have  been  kept,  in  the 
great  majority  of  wells  the  depth  of  the  pay  below  the  surface 
being  all  that  is  recorded.  Logs  of  two  deep  wells  showing  the 
section  down  to  very  old  rocks  are  given,  with  a log  showing  the 
average  section  for  1,000  feet  in  depth  and  logs  showing  the 
Mt.  Pisgah  gas  field.  These,  with  the  average  depths  given  for 
the  Beaver  sand,  cover  the  field  fairly  well.  In  the  northwest- 
ern part  of  the  county,  the  Black  Shale  comes  to  the  surface  and 
the  Beaver  sand  is  above  drainage.  The  first  two.  records  show 
the  increased  thickness  of  the  Trenton  group,  with  the  Knox 
dolomite  coming  in  above  the  Calciferous. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


111 


No.  1 — H.  McBeath  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Surface  

o 1 

| 

Space  (lime  and  shales) .... 

764 

764  i 

1 St.  Louis,  Keokuk  and 

Beaver  sand  (thin) 

772  ] 

i Waverly. 

Space  (slate)  

822  J 

1 

Black  shale  

35 

857 

Devonian. 

Lime  (includes  both  Sunnybrook 

sands)  

803 

1,660 

Hudson  and  Upper 

Trenton. 

White  slate  

3 

1,663 

Top  of  Birdseye. 

Dark  brown  lime 

277 

1,940  ' 

Lime  shells  and  slate  

260 

2,200 

Dark  brown  lime  

30 

2,230 

” Birdseye  and  Chazy 

Dark  and  light  lime 

170 

2,400 

and  Knox  Dolomite. 

Flint  shells 

2,430  „ 

White  salt  sand 

5 

2,435 

Top  of  Calciferous. 

Well  started  near  top  of  St. 

Louis  Group. 

The  Trenton  Group  includes 

about  250  feet 

of  the 

lower  part  of  the  803 

feet  of  limestone,  and  also  the  Birdseye  and  Chazy  down  to  about  2,230,  and 
the  Knox  Dolomite  down  to  2,430. 

The  upper  part  of  the  803  feet  of  limestone  is  mostly  Hudson,  with  probably 
a very  little  Clinton  at  the  top. 


No.  2 — J.  W.  Barnes  farm. 


Lime  

Gray  slate  

Gray  and  white  lime  and  slate... 

Black  shale  

Blue  lime  

Pepper  and  salt  lime 

Brown  lime  

Blue  slate  

Dark  lime  

Brown  flint  

Blue  lime  

White  sand  (oil  show) 

Brown,  flinty  lime 

Light  brown  sand 

White  lime  

Lime  

White  salt  sand 


Thickness.  Depth. 


254 

254 

140 

394 

46 

440 

40 

480 

100 

580 

300 

880 

200 

1,080 

10 

1,090 

200 

1,290 

60 

1,350 

540 

1,890 

25 

1,915 

15 

1,930 

5 

1,935 

10 

1,945 

10 

1,955 

26 

1,981 

Geological  Formation. 


Beaver  Sand. 
Devonian. 

Hudson  and  Upper 
- Trenton. 

=;  Top  of  Birdseye. 


_ Birdseye  and  Chazy 
and  Knox  Dolomite. 


Calciferous. 


112 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  3 — J.  A.  Brown  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Soil  35  35 

White  lime 165  200 

Hard,  black  sand  (gas  at  335)....  138  338  'l 

Soft,  black  slate 2 340 

White  sand  (gas) 2 342 

Black  lime  8 350 

White  lime  (gas)  50  4'00 

Black  slate  75  475 

White  lime  10  485  1 . 

Black  slate  5 490 

Hard,  white  sand 12  502 

Hard,  white  lime 48  550 

Blue  slate  30  580 

Pay  sand  (“Beaver”  sand)  oil 8 588 

Blue  slate  2 590  J 


Geological  Formation. 


About  base  of  St. 
Louis  Group. 


Waverly — Keokuk 
Group. 


No.  4 — Well  west  of  Mill  Springs.  (Starts  in  base  of  St.  Louis.) 


Lime  360  360 

Beaver  sand  11  371 

Black  shale  380  Devonian  Shale. 

Sunnybrook  sand  81Q  to  960 

Bottom 1,003  Bottom  in  Trenton 

L.  S. 


This  record  shows  reputed  thickness  of  the  Sunnybrook  sand.  The  upper 
pay  in  this  is  in  Lower  Hudson  and  the  second  in  the  Trenton. 


No.  5 — Dishman  well. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Hard,  white  limestone 

170 

170 

White  sandstone  

100 

270 

Limestone  

310 

580 

Sandstone  

30 

610 

Black  shale  

35 

645 

Slate  and  shells 

35 

680 

Limestone  

120 

800  -j 

Slate  and  red  rock 

20 

820  1 

Soft,  slaty  lime 

448 

1,268  | 

Slate  and  shells 

28 

1,296  } 

Black  pencil  cave 

4 

1,300 

Slate  and  shells 

20 

1,320  1 

White  cave  

5 

1,325  j 

Geological  Formation. 
S't.  Louis. 

May  be  Big  Injun. 

Beaver  Sand. 
Devonian. 

Probably  Clinton. 


Hudson  and  Upper 
Trenton. 


The  base  of  the  Hudson  is  probably  about  1,268,  showing  a slight  thick- 
ening south  from  the  Cumberland  river. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


113 


No.  6 — Duncan  & Bohon  farm. 

Depth. 


Top  of  “Beaver”  sand 730 

Bottom  of  “Beaver”  sand 736 

Top  of  Black  Shale 765 

Bottom  of  Black  Shale 807 


No.  7 — Cyrus  Brown  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Hard,  white  limestone 

105 

105 

Bluish-white  limestone  

10 

115 

About  base  of  St. 

White  lime  

60 

175  ' 

Louis. 

Dark  lime  (gas  at  205) 

69 

244. 

White  lime  

55 

299 

Hard,  black  lime  (gas  at  305) . . 

30 

329 

Hard,  dark  lime 

40 

369 

Waverly — Keokuk 

Hard,  white  lime 

20 

389 

1 Group. 

Soft,  white  lime 

116 

505 

Dark  slate  

25 

535  I 

1 

Hard  shell  

545  | 

White  sand  (Beaver  sand)  . . . . 

13 

558  J 

Dark  shale  

40 

598 

Devonian  Black  Shale. 

Dark  sand  

15 

613 

Dark  lime  

477 

1,090 

Brown  lime  

210 

1,300 

Dark  lime  

45 

1,345 

Dark  flint  

1,350 

Dark  lime  

152 

1,502 

Bottom  of  well  is  probably  in  the  Chazy  limestone. 


8 — J.  H.  Duncan  well. 

Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Clay 

44 

Lime  

363 

St.  Louis  and  Keokuk. 

White  slate  

423 

Waverly  Shale. 

Black  shale  

457 

Devonian. 

Lime  

950  ' 

1 

Sunnybrook  sand  

120 

1,070 

r Hudson  and  Trenton. 

Lime  

1,158  ^ 

1 

R.  E.  Vickery  farm. 

No.  1 

Top  of  Beaver  sand 414i 

Bottom  of  Beaver  sand 430 


No.  2 No.  3 
417  412 

432  430 


No.  4 No.  5 
409  403 

423  419 


Hurt  farm — Cooper  District. 

No.  1 No.  2 


Top  of  Cooper  sand 346  434' 

Bottom  of  Cooper  sand 360  450 


114 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Mt.  Pisgah  gfas  wells.  (Start  in  St.  Iiouis  L.  S.) 

No.  1 — Depth,  200  feet. 

Capacity  about  7,000,000  feet  per  day. 

No.  2 — Gas  at  260. 

Top  of  Black  Shale,  430. 

Capacity,  2,000,000  feet  per  day. 

No.  3 — Gas  at  260. 

Top  of  Black  Shale,  445. 

Capacity,  3,000,000  feet  per  day. 

These  three  wells  were  drilled  deeper,  but  the  main  flow  of  gas  is  given  at 
260  below  the  surface. 

In  the  Cooper,  Beaver  Creek,  Steubenville,  Chenoe  and  Mill  Springs  dis- 
tricts, the  records  show  the  Beaver  sand  just  above  the  Black  Shale  and  at 
depths  varying  from  340  to  600  or  more  feet,  according  to  the  elevation  of  the 
surface. 


CLINTON  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Sarah  Sidwell  farm — Cartwright  district.  Depth. 

Starts  about  at  top  of  Waverly 0 

Top  of  Black  Shale 350 

Base  of  Black  Shale 380 

Limestone  to  bottom  at 1,150 

Gas  and  amber  oil  in  Hudson  at 649 

No.  2 — W.  J.  Williams  farm — Cartwright  district. 

Starts  near  top  of  Waverly 0 

Top  of  Black  Shale 330 

Base  of  Black  Shale 355 

Limestone  to  bottom. 

Green  oil  from  836  to  854  in  Hudson. 


CUMBERLAND  COUNTY  WELLS. 

The  Cumberland  county  wells  all  start  in  the  Hudson,  at 
varying  distances  below  the  Black  Shale,  and  are  entirely  within 
the  Hudson  and  Trenton  groups,  with  the  greatest  part  of  their 
depth  in  the  latter.  The  Hudson  here  is  cut  down  in  thick- 
ness to  probably  about  450  feet.  In  the  Trenton  group  are  here 
included  all  the  rocks  from  the  top  of  the  Trenton  (Bluegrass) 
limestones  proper,  down  through  the  Birdseye,  Cliazy  and  Knox 
dolomite.  This  is  the  arrangement  adopted  by  Hr.  Safford  in 
his  report  on  the  geology  of  Tennessee,  and  is  used  here  pro- 
visionally and  until  a more  definite  classification  can  be  given 
to  this  group. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


115 


As  will  be  seen  from  these  records,  the  limestones  under  the 
Chazy  have  thickened  very  much,  one  record  (No.  20)  showing 
over  1,250  feet  of  limestones  below  the  top  of  the  Trenton  group, 
with  an  oil-bearing  sand  nearly  1,000  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
Trenton,  and  the  base  of  the  limestone  series  still  not  reached. 
These  records  show  a list  of  limestones  of  such  varying  hard- 
ness and  color  as  to  make  it  impossible  at  present  to  draw  the 
line  exactly  between  the  Hudson  and  Trenton  rocks,  but  the 
approximate  position  of  the  oil  and  gas-bearing  horizons  (as 
to  whether  in  Hudson  or  Trenton  groups)  is  given  as  closely 
as  possible.  The  only  definite  mark  in  the  field  seems  to.  be 
the  green  “pencil  cave.”  The  best  production  is  below  this  and 
apparently  from  limestones  in  the  Chazy,  but  at  no  fixed  dis- 
tance below  the  pencil  cave. 


Ho.  1 — Wm.  Hurt  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geeological  Formation 

Blue  lime  

60 

60 

Gray  lime  (gas) 

125 

185 

Hudson. 

Gray  lime  

140 

325 

Black  lime  (gas) 

45 

370 

Hudson. 

Gi’ay  lime  

55 

425 

Gray  lime  

50 

475 

Gray  lime  (gas) 

30 

505 

Trenton. 

Black  lime 

40 

545 

White  lime  

90 

635 

Gray  lime  

30 

665 

Gray  lime  

115 

780 

Gray  lime  

70 

850 

Gray  lime  (show  of  oil  and  gas) . 

65 

915 

Trenton. 

Gray  lime  

125 

1,040 

Gray  lime  . 

215 

1,255 

White  lime  

. 7 

1,262 

No.  2— Wm.  Hurt,  No.  2. 

Blue  lime  

300 

300 

Gray  lime  

400 

Black  lime  

220 

620 

All  in  Hudson  and 

Gray  lime  

30 

650 

Trenton  Groups. 

White  lime  

70 

720 

Gray  lime  

Pencil  cave  at  625. 

1,000 

116 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  3 — B.  F.  Irvine  farm. 

Soft,  blue  lime  (oil) 

Soft,  black  lime  (salt  water) . . 
Soft,  gray  lime  (sulphur  water) 
Hard,  white  lime  (salt  water) . . 
Soft,  gray  lime  (sweet  water) . . 

Soft,  black  lime  (gas) 

Soft,  gray  lime  (pencil  cave) . . 
Hard,  gray  lime  (bitter  water) . 
Soft,  gray  lime  (salt  water) 
Hard,  gray  lime  (salt  water) . . . 
Soft,  white  lime  (salt  water) . . 
Hard,  white  lime  (salt  water) . . 
Soft,  gray  lime  (salt  water) . . . . 
Hard,  gray  lime  (copper  water) 
Soft,  gray  lime 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

75 

75 

Hudson. 

125 

200 

200 

400 

40 

440 

20 

460 

60 

520 

Trenton. 

50 

570 

40 

610 

40 

650 

25 

675 

20 

695 

55 

750 

95 

845 

80 

925 

75 

1.000 

4 — Win.  Bryant  farm. 

White  lime  

50 

50 

Blue  lime  (gas  at  225) 

200 

250  Hudson. 

Gray  lime  

50 

300 

Blue  lime 

75 

375 

Gray  lime  

50 

425 

Gray  lime  

150 

575 

Dark  gray  lime  (pencil  cave  at 

600)  

50 

625 

White  lime 

100 

725 

Gray  lime  

30 

755 

Dark  gray  lime 

100 

855 

Gray  lime 

50 

905 

Gray  lime  

'75 

980 

Gray  lime  

52 

1,032 

5 — W.  M.  Bryant,  No.  2. 

Blue  lime  

100 

100 

Hard,  black  lime 

30 

130 

Soft,  black  lime 

350 

480 

White  lime  (small  gas) 

20 

500  Trenton. 

Brown  lime  

20 

520 

White  lime  

20 

540 

Brown  lime  

20 

560 

White  lime  

15 

575 

Gray  lime  

83 

658 

Pencil  cave  ! 

2 

660 

White  lime  

90 

750 

Brown  lime  

360 

1,110 

Gray  lime  

270 

1,380 

Brown  lime  

20 

1,400 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


117 


No.  6 — Ellen  Smith  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Soil  10  10 

Blue  lime  90  100 

Black  lime  20  120 

Gray  lime  (gas  at  135) 50  170 

Gray  lime  22  192 

Brown  lime  (gas  at  220) 60  252 

Black  lime  150  402 

Gray  lime 108  510 

Black  lime  (gas  at  520) SO  590 

Green  pencil  cave 3 593 

Brown  lime  30  623 

Brown  lime  and  sand 93  716 

Brown  lime  69  785 

Brown  lime  18  803 

Brown  lime  85  888 

Brown  lime  81  969 

Brown  lime  (oil  show  at  975) ....  12  981 

Gray  lime  6 987 

Brown  lime 18  1,005 


No.  7— Cloyd  Heirs,  No.  3. 

S’oil  

Blue  lime 

Black  lime 

Gray  lime  

Brown  lime  

Gray  lime  

Brown  lime  

Black  lime  (gas  at  445) 

Brown  lime  

Green  pencil  cave 

Hard,  brown  lime 

Soft,  brown  lime 

Brown  lime  and  sand.. 

Soft,  brown  lime 

Hard,  brown  lime 

Soft,  brown  lime 

Gray  lime  

Dark  brown  lime 

Brown  lime  

Brown  lime  

Light  gray  lime 

Brown  lime  

Black  lime  

Light  brown  lime 

Gray  lime  

Brown  lime  

White  lime  

Brown  lime  

White  lime  

Gray  lime  


42 

42 

160 

202 

30 

232 

40 

272 

30 

302 

75 

377 

70 

447 

48 

495 

7 

502 

2 

504 

5 

509 

30 

539 

131 

670 

15 

685 

85 

770 

75 

845 

IS 

863 

20 

883 

57 

940 

40 

1,120 

60 

1,080 

40 

1,120 

80 

1,200 

60 

1,260 

60 

1,320 

20 

1,340' 

20 

1,360 

30 

1,390 

30 

1,420 

80 

1,500 

Geological  Formation. 

Hudson. 

Hudson. 

Trenton. 

Trenton. 


Trenton. 


118 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  8 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  1. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Dark  gray  lime  

250 

250 

Gray  lime  

20 

270 

Dark  brown  lime 

55 

325 

Dark  gray  lime 

30 

355 

Gray  lime  

45 

400 

Light  brown  lime 

48 

448 

Gray  lime  (gas  at  448) 

44 

492 

Trenton. 

Dark  blue  lime  (oil  show  at  492) . 

12 

504 

Trenton. 

Gray  lime  (oil  show  at  505) 

12 

516 

Trenton. 

Green  pencil  cave 

3 

519 

Gray  lime  

6 

525 

Brown  lime  (gas  at  525) 

24 

549 

Trenton. 

Dark  gray  lime 

25 

574 

Light  gray  lime 

35 

609 

Light  brown  lime 

23 

632 

Brown  lime  

6 

638 

Dark  blue  lime 

15 

653 

Gray  lime  

32 

685 

Brown  lime  

15 

700 

Brown  lime  

150 

850 

Light  brown  lime 

50 

900 

Gray  lime  

40 

940 

Brown  lime 

60 

1,000 

No.  9 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  2. 


Dark  blue  lime 200  200 

Blue  lime  60  260 

Gray  lime  43  303 

Dark  gray  lime 60  363 

Brown  lime  33  396 

Dark  gray  lime 29  425 

Light  gray  lime 40  465 

Gray  lime  60  525 

Black  lime  30  555 

Lime  and  sand 18  573 

Green  pencil  cave 2 575 

Brown  lime 30  605 

Gray  lime  18  623 

Lime  and  sand  (oil  show  at  654) . . 47  670 

Dark  brown  lime 24  694 

Brown  lime  21  715 

Gray  lime  43  75S 

Dark  brown  lime 32  790 

Brown  lime  10  800 


Trenton. 


10 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  3. 

Blue  lime  

75 

75 

Gravel  

3 

78 

Blue  lime  

80 

168 

Black  lime  

50 

208 

Gray  lime  

30 

238 

Blue  lime  

20 

258 

Dark  blue  lime 

25 

283 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


119 


Thickness.  Depth. 

Lime  and  sand  (heavy  gas  flow  at 


290)  15  298 

Brown  lime  50  348 

Light  brown  lime 60  408 

Brown  lime  30  438 

Gray  lime  10  448 

Light  gray  lime 45  493 

Black  lime  30  523 

Lime  and  sand 9 532 

Green  pencil  cave 3 535 

Brown  lime  30  565 

Green  lime 56  621 

Brown  lime  (oil  at  643) 22  643 

Light  brown  lime 21  664 


No.  11 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  4. 


Blue  lime  60  60 

Black  lime  30  90 

Gray  lime  60  150 

Blue  lime  40  190 

Dark  blue  lime  30  220 

Lime  and  sand 65  285 

Brown  lime  (gas  at  290) 50  335 

Light  brown  lime 60  395 

Light  gray  lime 10  405 

Gray  lime  40  445 

Light  gray  lime 25  470 

Black  lime  30  500 

Lime  and  sand 10  510 

Green  pencil  cave 3 513 

Brown  lime  (gas  at  520) 25  538 

Lime  and  sand  (gas  at  555) 17  555 

Brown  lime  (oil  at  567) . . . 12  567 

Brown  lime  33  600 

Dark  brown  lime 20  620 

Brown  lime  (gas  at  625) 5 625 

Brown  lime  (oil  at  629) 4 629 

Brown  lime  17  646 

Brown  lime  20  666 

Light  brown  lime  (gas  at  685) ....  19  685 

Brown  lime  (oil  at  712) 27  712 

Brown  lime  10  722 


No.  12 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  5. 


Blue  lime  100  100 

Blue  lime  150  250 

Gray  lime  (gas  at  408) 200  450 

Black  lime 40  490 

Pencil  cave  10  500 

Gray  lime  (oil  show  at  532) 200  700 

Gray  lime  (oil  show  at  765) 201  901 


Geological  Formation. 
Trenton. 


Trenton. 


Trenton. 


Trenton. 

Trenton. 

Trenton. 


Trenton. 

Trenton. 


Trenton. 

Trenton. 


Trenton. 


Trenton. 

Trenton. 


120 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  13 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  6. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Soil  54  54 

Blue  lime  80  134 

Gray  lime  30  164 

Blue  lime  36  200 

Black  lime  (gas  at  250) 50  250 

Blue  lime  (gas  at  310) 60  310 

Brown  lime  100  410 

Blue  lime  i 35  445 

Black  lime  (oil  at  445) 30  475 

Gray  lime  5 480 

Green  pencil  cave 3 483 

Hard,  brown  lime 4 487 

Soft,  brown  lime..._ 25  512 

Sandy  lime  (oil  at  561) 49  561 

Lime  244  805 


Geological  Formation. 


Trenton. 

Trenton. 


Trenton. 


Trenton. 


No.  14 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  8. 

Blue  lime 

Gray  lime  

Black  lime 

Gray  lime  

Pencil  cave  

Gray  lime  

Oil  at  603,  671,  701  and  910.. 


300  300 

100  400 

100  500 

25  525 

10  535 

468  1,003 

Trenton. 


No.  15 — J.  E.  Heard  farm,  No.  9. 

Blue  lime  

Gray  lime  

Black  lime  

Gray  lime  

Pencil  cave  at  525. 

Oil  at  553  and  756 


200 

200 

200 

400 

100 

500 

280 

780 

Trenton. 


No.  16 — W.  R.  Neely  farm. 


Soil  8 8 

Blue  lime 100  108 

Dark  blue  lime 42  150 

Black  lime 132  282 

Gray  lime  18  300 

Brown  lime  50  350 

Dark  brown  lime 30  380 

Dark  gray  lime 20  400 

Gray  lime  30  430 

Brown  lime  42  472 

Black  lime  53  525 

Gray  lime  and  sand 10  535 

Pencil  cave  . 2 537 

Gray  lime  4 541 

Brown  lime  30  571 

Brown  lime  70  641 

Lime  and  sand 50  691 

Brown  lime  100  791 

Brown  lime  70  861 

Brown  lime 13  874 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


121 


No.  17 — J.  W.  Cloyd  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Lime  350  350 

Gray  sand  125  475 

Lime  33  508 

White  slate  2 510 

White  lime  (oil  show  at  522)....  35  545 

White  lime  100  645 

White  lime  55  700 

Sand  150  850 

Gray  lime  30  880 

White  slate  10  890 

Dark  lime  35  925 

White  lime  25  950 


No.  18 — W.  J.  Hutchins  farm. 


Blue  lime  (gas  at  80) 80  80 

Light  gray  lime 60  140 

Gray  lime  50  190 

Dark  gray  lime 10  200 

Brown  sand  6 20# 

Gray  sand  7 213 

Black  lime  6 219 

Brown  sand  6 225 

Black  lime  (gas  at  325) 150  375 

Black  lime  125  500 

Black  lime 30  530 

Brown  lime  20  550 

Brown  lime  55  605 

Gray  lime  30  635 

Black  lime  20  655 

Gray  lime  11  666 

Green  pencil  cave 3 669 

Brown  lime  30  699 

Brown  lime  and  sand 100  799 

Brown  lime  201  1,000 


No.  19 — A.  M.  Pudge  farm. 


Blue  lime  (gas  at  150) 200  200 

Black  lime  (gas  at  285) 255  455  -j 

(Oil  show  at  452.)  ' 

Gray  lime  115  570 

Black  lime  (pencil  cave  at  645)  ...  65  635 

Gray  lime  30  665 

Gray  lime  165  830 

Gray  lime  60  890 

Gray  lime  110  1,000 


Geological  Formation. 


Trenton. 


Hudson. 


Hudson. 


Hudson. 

Gas  in  Hudson. 
Oil  in  Trenton. 


Flowing  well  from  oil  at  635  (Trenton). 


122 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  20 — A.  W.  Bryant  farm. 


Soil  

Blue  lime 

Biack  lime  . . . 

Gray  lime  

Black  lime  

Blue  lime  

Black  lime  

Soft,  brown  lime 

Hard,  brown  lime  (oil  at  555) .... 

Black  lime  

Green  pencil  cave 

Hard,  brown  lime 

Soft,  brown  lime 

Brown  sand  

Hard,  brown  lime 

Soft,  brown  lime 

Dark  brown  lime 

Hard,  brown  lime 

Soft,  brown  lime 

Black  lime  

Brown  lime 

White  lime  . : 

Brown  lime  

Light  brown  sand  (oil  show  at 

1,391)  

White  flint  

Brown  lime  

Light  brown  lime 

Gray  lime 

Light  brown  lime 

Hard,  brown  lime  


No.  21 — Well  at  Neely’s  Perry — Three 

Red  clay  

Gray  lime  

Blue  slate  

Hard,  brown  lime 

Black  lime  

Brown  lime  

Black  lime  

Gray  lime  


ness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

10 

10 

100 

110 

20 

130 

12 

142 

135 

277 

130 

407 

80 

487 

18 

505 

70 

575 

Trenton. 

83 

658 

2 

660 

18 

678 

22 

700 

85 

785 

20 

805 

47 

852 

50 

902 

138 

1,040 

24 

1,064 

15 

1,079 

156 

1,235 

115 

1,350 

41 

1,391 

30 

1,421 

Trenton. 

40 

1,461 

59 

1,520 

30 

1,550 

60 

1,610 

30 

1,640 

40 

1,680 

one-half 

miles 

below  Burksville. 

25 

25 

190 

215 

35 

250 

200 

450 

215 

665 

Pencil  Cave  at  621. 

74 

739 

21 

760 

5 

765 

No.  22 — Average  record  of  Bitch  wells — Salt  Lick  Bend — Cloyd’s  Landiing. 


Quicksand  

Gravel  

Blue  lime  

Gray  lime  

Blue  pencil  cave 

Black  lime  

Blue  pencil  cave 
Brown  slate  .... 

White  lime  

Gray  lime  

Speckled  lime  . . 


Thickness.  Depth. 
37  37 

2 39 

300  339 

100  439 

3" 

80  519 

5 524 

12  536 

50tol00  586  to  636 
50 to 60  636to696 
12tol5  648to711 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


123 


Salt  Bick  Bend. 


No.  1. 

No.  2. 

No.  3. 

(Graves  farm.) 

(Richardson  farm.) 

(Richardson  farm.) 

Oil  

Oil  and 

salt  water.. 440 

Oil  

.390 

Bottom 

625 

Oil  

Pencil  cave 

.475 

Oil  

Gas  

.520 

Bottom 

700 

Oil  

.600 

Bottom  

No.  4. 

No.  5. 

No.  6. 

(Clay 

Cloyd  farm.) 

(R.  B. 

Cloyd  farm.) 

(R.  B.  Cloyd  farm.) 

Oil  

Oil  

305 

Pencil  cave 

.470 

Oil  

Oil  

Oil  

.566 

Bottom 

960 

Gas  . . . . 

730 

Oil  

.586 

Oil  and  gas 732 

Bottom  

.705 

Oil  

769 

Gas  . . . . 

Bottom  , 

835 

No.  7. 

No.  8. 

No.  9. 

(R.  B. 

Cloyd  farm.) 

(McComas  farm.) 

(Cloyd  farm.) 

Pencil  cave 520 

Oil  

548 

Oil  

.667 

Oil  

641 

Bottom  

Bottom 

711 

No.  10. 

No.  11. 

No.  12. 

(Garmon  farm.) 

(D.  W 

. Cloyd  farm.) 

(D.  W.  Cloyd  farm.) 

Gas  . . . 

Oil  

Oil  

.435 

Gas  

Salt  water 430 

Pencil  cave 

Gas  . . . 

205 

Pencil  cave 480 

Bottom  

Pencil  cave 542 

Oil  

518 

Bottom 

910 

Oil  

597 

Marrowbone  Creek. 


NO.  1. 

(J.  S.  Taylor  farm.) 


Oil  248 

Bottom  258 


No.  2. 

(McComas  farm.) 

Show  of  oil 180 

Show  of  oil 245 

Pencil  cave 520 

Pencil  cave 690 

Little  gas 740 

Show  of  oil. ..  .750  to  810 
Bottom  875 


No.  3. 

(Taylor  farm.) 


Oil  282 

Salt  water 331 

Bottom  662 


No.  4. 

(McComas  farm.) 


Oil  520 

Oil  show 594 

Bottom  615 


No.  5. 

(Collins  farm.) 


Gas  95 

Gas  105 

Gas  165 

Gas  210 

Pencil  cave.... 612 
Bottom  740 


No.  6. 

(Alexander  farm.) 

Gas  172 

Gas  315 

Gas  380 

Gas  580 

Pencil  cave.... 620 
Bottom  705 


No.  7. 

(Buchannon  farm.) 

Gas  110 

Gas  150 

Gas  225 

Pencil . cave. . . .545 


124 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Wash’s  Bottom. 


No.  1.  No.  3.  No.  4. 

(R.  Or.  Allen  farm.)  (Philpot  farm.)  (Goff  farm.) 


Oil  

640 

Oil  

500 

Oil  

Bottom  

Oil  

Bottom  

Bottom  

(Stockden  farm.) 

Show  of  oil 545 

Bottom  800 

In  the  Salt  Lick  Bend  group,  all  sands  are  Trenton  except  the  three  gas 
sands  in  No.  10  and  the  90-foot  oil  in  No.  11. 

On  Marrowbone,  the  oil  in  No.  1 at  248,  the  oil  in  No.  2 at  180  and  245, 
the  oil  at  282  in  No.  3,  the  gas  in  No.  5 at  95,  105,  165  and  210,  the  gas 
in  No.  6 at  172,  315  and  380  and  the  gas  in  No.  7 at  110,  150  and  225,  are 
all  referred  to  Hudson.  The  lower  horizons  all  in  Trenton. 

In  Wash’s  Bottom,  the  oil  is  all  in  Trenton. 


The  following  record  of  the  oJd  Cumberland  river  wells  is 
given  as  a matter  of  interest.  The  accuracy  of  the  record  can 
not  be  vouched  for. 


Name.  Depth.  Date. 

Garbertt,  opposite  Creelsboro 225  1861 

Crocus,  mouth  of  Crocus  creek 190  1865 

Egbert,  270  1865 

Old  American,  Renox  creek 171  1829 

Sherman,  276  1866 

Gilbreath,  Bear  creek  20  

Phelps,  Oil  Fork 50  1866 


These  wells  were  credited  with  a production  of  many  thousands  of  barrels 
of  oil — probably  very  much  more  than  they  actually  produced.  They  were 
probably  all  in  Hudson  rocks. 


RUSSELL  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — A.  W.  McGloud  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Lime  365  365 

Red  sand  4 369 

Gray  lime  288  657 

Gray  lime  19  676 

Light  sand  (black  oil) 12  688 

Dark  lime  12  700 

Dark  lime  50  750 

Blue  slate  130  880 

Brown  slate  (pencil  cave) 20  900 

Blue  lime  30  930 


Geological  Formation. 

Upper  Silurian  and 
- Hudson. 

J Probable  base  of  Hud- 
son. 

► Trenton  Group. 


The  well  starts  just  below  the  base  of  the  Black  Shale. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


12o 


No.  2 — A.  W.  McGloud  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Dark  lime  

Light  sand  

Gray  lime  

White  lime  

Pencil  cave  

Gray  lime  

Gray  lime  

Light  sand  (salt  water) 

Gas  and  salt  water  at  40  feet. 
Salt  water  at  1,620  to  1,627. 


No.  3 — P.  A.  Bolin  farm. 

Gray  lime  

Dark  sand  

Light  slate  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  (gas  at  970) 

White  sand  

Brown  lime  


No.  4 — John  Johnson  farm. 

Black  shale  

Blue  lime  (salt  water  at  100).. 

Sand  

Gray  lime  

Pencil  cave  

Dark  lime  


655 


655 


Upper  Silurian  and 
Hudson. 


s2 

6632 

Probable  base  of  Hud- 
son. 

1762 

840  " 

58 

898 

l2 

8992 

- Trenton  Group. 

6002 

1,500 

92 

1,592  J 

35 

1,627 

Probably  top  of  Cal- 
ciferous. 

' the 

Black  Shale. 

123 

123 

Keokuk. 

4 

127 

131 

258 

Waverly. 

30 

28s 

Devonian  Shale. 

682 

970 

Upper  Silurian  and 
Hudson. 

10 

980 

About  base  of  Hudson. 

130 

1.110 

Trenton. 

20 

20 

Devonian  Shale. 

670 

690 

Upper  Silurian  and 
Hudson. 

10 

700 

About  base  of  Hudson. 

155 

855  "I 

3 

858 

> Trenton  Group 

642 

1,500  J 

Bottom  in  Chazy  limestone. 


No.  5 — G.  B.  Walton  farm. 

Soil  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  

Dark  sand  

Iray  lime  

White  sand  

Gray  lime  

Pencil  cave  

Black  lime  


6 

6 

44 

50 

10 

60 

20 

80 

638 

718 

9 

727 

113 

840 

5 

8415 

55 

900 

Devonian  STiale. 

} Upper  Silurian  and 
Hudson. 

About  base  of  Hudson. 


Trenton. 


These  Russell  county  wells  show  an  almost  uniform  thick- 
ness of  about  680  feet;  for  the  Hudson  (including-  probably  a lit- 
tle Upper  Silurian  at  the  top)  and  a bed  of  light  sand  about  at 


126 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


the  top  of  the  Trenton  group.  A pencil  cave  is  shown  in  all 
of  them  but  No.  3,  which  does  not  go  deep  enough  to  reach  it. 
This  pencil  cave  is  quite  probably  the  one  at  the  top  of  the 
Birdseye  member  of  the  Trenton  group,  the  rocks  between  it 
and  the  light  sand  above  representing  the  Trenton  (Bluegrass) 
limestones  of  Central  Kentucky.  These  show  a remarkable 
variation  in  thickness  in  this  group  of  wells,  varying  from  113 
feet  in  No.  5 to  234  feet  in  No.  2. 

Well  No.  2 goes  down  probably  entirely  through  the  Trenton 
group,  the  last  35  feet  being  apparently  in  the  Calc-iferous  and 
corresponding  to  the  deep  salt  sand  found  in  the  McBeath  well 
in  Wayne  county.  This  would  give  here  a total  thickness  to 
the  Trenton  group  of  about  930  feet,  or  from  100  to  130  feet 
more  than  in  Central  Kentucky,  this  increased  thickness  prob- 
ably being  due  to  the  presence  here  of  the  Knox  dolomite  in 
the  base  of  the  Trenton  group. 


BARREN  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — B.  & KL.  Nuchols  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Gravel  

3 

3 

Dark  lime  

18 

21 

Slate  

8 

29 

^ Waverly  (including 

White  lime  (gas  at  105) 

141 

170 

Keokuk). 

Blue  slate  (oil  show  at  180) . . . 

10 

180 

j 

Tji  mo  fihp.ll  

2 

182 

Black  shale  

. . . ' 20 

202 

Devonian  Shale. 

Blue  lime  

4 

206 

-> 

Blue  lime 

5 

211 

Probably  Niagara 

Gray  lime  

27 

238 

- Limestone  with  a lit- 

Gray lime  (oil  show) 

2 

240 

tle  Corniferous  at 

Blue  lime  

10 

250 

J 

the  top. 

Blue  shale  

25 

275 

Niagara  Shale. 

Blue  lime  (oil  show) 

9 

284 

Clinton. 

Light  lime  

8 

292 

Dark  lime  

200 

492 

Lime  and  shale 

248 

740 

Hudso.n 

Dark  lime  

30 

770 

Dark  lime  

10 

780 

Light  lime 

855 

Blue  lime  (oil  show) 

80 

935 

» Hudson  and  Trenton. 

Sandy  lime  

6 

941 

Sandy  lime  

6 

947 

Shells  and  slate 

20 

967 

Trenton. 

White  lime  (gas  at  1,025) 

150 

1,117 

Dark  lime  

1,236 

Pink  lime  

60 

1,296 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


127 


No.  2 — J.  M.  Hammer  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Gravel  5 5 

Gray  lime  12  17 

Dark  shale  and  flinty  shells 3 20 

Dark  lime  10  30 

Dark  lime  and  shale 20  50 

Gray  lime  (gas  at  80) 30  80 

Light  lime  (gas  90-130) 60  140 

Light  lime  25  165 

Light  lime  (strong  gas  at  170) ....  15  180 

Slate  and  shells 25  205 

Black  shale  30  235 

Dark  lime  (oil  and  salt  water  at 

240)  50  285 

Light  slate  30  315 

Light  lime  200  515 

Shells  and  shale 150  665 

Dark  lime  165  830 


Geological  Formation. 


■ Keokuk  and  Waverly. 


J 

Devonian  Shale. 

Corniferous  and  Nfag- 
ara  Limestones. 
Niagara  Shale. 

} Hudson.  Possibly  som< 
Clinton  at  top. 


No.  3 — W.  E.  Peden  farm. 

Gravel  

Gray  lime  

Blue  shale  

Lime  shell  

Black  shale  

Dark  lime  

Dark  lime  shells 

Dark  lime  (oil  show  at  125) 

Blue  slate  . 

Blue  lime 

Blue  lime  (oil  show  at  178) 

Blue  lime \ 

Gray  lime  

Gray  lime  

Lime  and  slate  (gas  at  530  and 

555)  

Dark  lime  (heavy  gas  flow  at  585) 

Dark  lime  (gas  at  685) 

Blue  lime  

White  lime  

White  slate 

Gray  lime  

Dark  lime  

Light  lime  

Dark  lime  


13 

13 

50 

63 

10 

73 

2 

75 

25 

100 

10 

110 

10 

120 

15 

135 

25 

160 

10 

170 

8 

178 

147 

325 

60 

385 

20 

405 

180 

585 

75 

660 

25 

685 

150 

835 

100 

935 

6 

941 

125 

1,066 

18 

1,084 

100 

1,184 

4166 

1,650 

1 

Keokuk  and  Waverly. 

j 

Devonian  Shale. 

1 Corniferous  and  Ni- 
j agara  Limestones. 

Niagara  Shale, 
j-  Clinton. 

1 

Hudson. 

j 

1"  Hudson  and  Trenton. 
Probable  top  of  Tren- 
ton. 


Trenton. 

About  top  of  Birdseye. 

J 


In  No.  1 and  No.  3,  the  lower  numbers  belong  to  rocks  in  the  Trenton 
Period,  the  space  between  Black  Shale  and  the  base  of  the  Trenton  thickening 
somewhat  from  the  Cumberland  river  northward.  The  wells  did  not  get  down 
to  the  Calciferous.  In  No.  1,  the  division  between  Trenton  and  Hudson  seems 
to  be  at  947  and  the  top  of  the  Birdseye  at  1,236.  In  No.  3,  the  division 
between  Hudson  and  Trenton  at  835  and  top  of  Birdseye  at  1,084.  These 
divisions,  however,  can  not  be  made  with  certainty.  No.  3 is  about  down  to, 
or  possibly  below,  the  base  of  the  Chazy. 


128 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Old  Haven-Chase  wells. 

Top  of  Black  Oil  sand 


Sliale. 

at 

Product. 

Formation. 

North  well 

230 

307 

West  well 

225 

120 

South  well 

228 

120 

Bast  well 

360 

Southeast  well... 

185 

310 

Southwest  well.. 

225 

These  wells  all  start  below  the  base  of  the  St.  Louis  Group. 


Old  Carroll  wells. 


Depth. 

Oil  sands  at 

Product. 

No. 

1 

875 

819 

Gas. 

No. 

2 

355 

355 

Green  oil. 

No. 

3 

1,135 

100,  715  and  1,135 

Amber  oil,  gas,  gas. 

No. 

4 

750 

750 

Gas. 

No. 

5 

110  and  1,166 

Amber  oil,  gas. 

Group  of  South  Kentucky  Oil  Co.  wells. 


No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3. 


Soil  

. 8 

8 

Waverly  .... 

..187 

187 

Waverly  .... 

..148  148 

Waverly  

75 

Black  Shale. 

..  33 

220 

Black  Shale. 

. . 32'  180 

Black  Shale.. 

. 30 

105 

Niagara  .... 

. . 20 

240 

Niagara  .... 

. . 46  226 

Niagara  

141 

Clinton  

260 

Clinton  

. . 20  246 

Clinton  

161 

Oil  and  'gas 

at  240. 

Oil  and  gas 

at  226. 

Salt  water 

at  254. 

Salt  water 

at  230. 

No.  4. 

No.  5. 

NO.  6. 

Waverly 

130 

130 

Waverly 

198  198 

Waverly 

150 

150 

Black  Shale...  36 

166 

Black  Shale...  32  230 

Black  Shale...  30 

180 

Niagara 

36 

202 

Niagara 

19  249 

Niagara 

37 

217 

Clinton 

29 

231 

Clinton  . 

29  278 

Clinton  . 

20 

237 

Water 

and  oil  at 

202. 

Oil  and 

gas  at  249. 

Gas  at 

180. 

Oil  at  217. 


The  driller’s  distinctions  of  Niagara  and  Clinton  in  the  last  six  records  are 
not  correct.  The  records  of  deeper  wells  show  an  average  of  about  40  feet  of 
limestone,  with  a hard  ledge  in  the  middle,  below  the  Black  Shale,  and  a bed 
of  light-colored  shale  under  that  and  another  oil-bearing  limestone  under  the 
light-colored  shale.  This  latter  would  be  the  Clinton  lime,  the  light  shale 
the  Niagara  Shale,  and  what  is  given  above  in  the  records  as  Niagara  and 
Clinton  would  be  mostly  Niagara  limestone,  with  probably  a little  Corniferous 
limestone  at  the  top  just  under  the  Black  Shale. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


129 


Boyd’s  Creek  wells. 


Thick- 

Thick- 

No. 1.  ness. 

Depth. 

No.  5. 

ness. 

Depth. 

Waverly  

58 

58 

Waverly  

55 

Black  S'hale  

18 

76 

Black  Shale  ....... 

35 

90 

Top  of  first  sand  at  80 

Gas  at  135. 

Gas  and  salt  water  at  872. 

Bottom  of  well  at 

180. 

Top  of  second  sand  at 

175. 

Bottom  of  second  sand 

at  205. 

No.  6. 

Bottom  of  well  at  209. 

Waverly  

70 

Black  Shale 

95 

No.  2. 

Oil  and  gas  at  90 

and  135. 

58 

58 

Bottom  of  well  at  265. 

Waverly  

Black  Shale  

27 

85 

No.  7. 

Oil  and  gas 

872 

to 

972 

Bottom  of  well  at  110. 

Waverly  

73 

73 

Black  Shale 

41 

114 

No.  3. 

Oil  at  116. 
Bottom  at  205. 

Waverly  

55 

55 

Black  Shale 

15 

70 

No.  8. 

Oil  and  'gas  at  70.  165  and  230. 

Waverly  

Black  Shale 

...  112 
. ..  38 

112 

150 

Bottom  of  well  at  241. 

Amber  oil  at  84. 

No.  4. 

Bottom  at  168. 

Waverly  

58 

58 

No.  9. 

Oil  at  37. 

Black  Shale 

32 

90 

Waverly  

. . . 68 

68 

Gas  and  oil  at  145. 

Black  Shale 

. . . 33 

101 

Salt  water  at  156. 

Oil  at  225. 

Bottom  of  well  at  201. 

Bottom  at  272. 

Nc.  10. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Soil  

6 

6 

) 

Lime  

36 

42 

j-  Waverly. 

Black  shale  

76 

- Devonian. 

Lime  

140 

Sand  

160 

1st  Sand — Clinton  (?) 

Gray  lime  

250 

Slate  

260 

Lime  and  shells  . . . 

275 

Hard  sand  

280 

Lime  

390 

Slate  

395 

Lime  

480 

Sand  

500 

2d  Sand — Hudson. 

Slate  

647 

Mixed  slate  

672 

Slate  

712 

Slate  and  lime 

757 

Bottom  in  Hudson. 

180 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


The  Barren  county  fields  show  a number  of  sands  in  down- 
ward succession.  The  first  of  any  importance  is  the  one  in  the 
Waverly,  about  100  feet  above  the  top  of  the  Black  Shale.  This 
has  produced  amber  oil  at  a number  of  places,  but  the  record 
seems  to  give  it  but  a short  life  as  a producer,  the  wells  soon 
giving  out.  The  Black  Shale  itself  often  produces  gas  and  oil 
of  a very  rank,  sulphurous  character  and  rather  a detriment 
to  the  field  when  struck,  than  otherwise.  The  next  sand  below 
is  found  immediately  under  the  Black  Shale  in  a limestone 
which  is  probably  the  Corniferous. 

The  next  lower  and,  so  far,  the  main  producing  sand  of  the 
county,  is  the  Boyd’s  Creek  sand  found  at  an  average  of  profit 
ably  40  feet  below  the  Black  Shale  (this  distance  below  varies 
with  the  varying  thickness  of  the  limestone)  in  a limestone. 
This  limestone  is  generally  divided  in  the  middle  by  a very 
hard  ledge  and  the  upper  half  has  heretofore  been  called  Niaga- 
ra and  the  lower  half  Clinton.  That  this  is  an  error  will  be 
made  evident  by  inspection  of  the  records  of  No.  1,  No.  2 and 
No.  3 on  pages  126  and  127,  where  the  true  position  of  the 
Clinton  is  shown  under  the  Niagara  shale.  The  producing  rock 
is  really  the  Niagara  limestone,  instead  of  Clinton.  This  hori- 
zon, while  rarely  furnishing  large  wells,  seems  to  be  a long-lived 
producer,  wells  in  it  having  a record  of  producing  oil,  without 
much  decrease,  for  twenty-five  or  thirty  years. 

Below  the  Boyd’s  Creek  sand,  oil  and  gas  shoys  have  been 
struck  in  the  Clinton,  the  Hudson  and  the  rocks  comprising 
the  Trenton  period,  as  inspection  of  the  preceding  records  will 
show.  So  far,  the  deeper  sands  have  produced  mostly  gas,  and 
the  Boyd’s  Creek  sand  (Niagara  limestone)  remains  the  prin- 
cipal oil  producer. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


131 


WARREN  COUNTY  WELL. 


Well  at  Bowling*  Green. 


Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

At  0 — White  oolite.  Well  starts  in  S’t.  Louis. 

“ 18,  25  and  30 — Gray  lime. 

“ 36 — 'Light  gray  oolite. 

“ 42 — Fine-grained,  white  lime. 

“ 46  to  70 — Very  fine-grained,  white,  siliceous  lime. 

“ 77 — Fine-grained,  slightly  oolitic,  gray  lime. 

“ 90 — Gray  lime. 

“ 94 — Light  gray  and  white  limes  mixed. 

“ 98 — Light  gray  lime. 

“ 100— White  lime. 

“ 106 — Light  brown  lime. 

“ 112 — Light,  mottled  lime. 

“ 117 — Gray  lime  and  white  calcite. 

“ 130 — Fine-grained,  gray  lime. 

“ 135 — Gray  lime. 

“ 140 — Gray,  crystalline  lime. 

“ 144 — Fine-grained,  light  gray  lime. 

“ 156  to  170 — Light  gray  lime;  sulphur  water. 

.“  183 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 189 — Gray  lime  shale. 

u 195 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 205 — Very  dark,  gray  lime. 

**  210  to  230 — Gray  lime. 

“ 235 — 'Black  lime  and  light  gray  lime. 

“ 240 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 253 — Light  brown,  sandy  lime. 

“ 255  and  260 — Gray  lime. 

“ 265 — Very  dark  lime. 

“ 270 — Brown  lime. 

“ 278  and  284 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 287 — Brown  lime. 

“ 288  and  290 — Gray  lime. 

“ 294  and  300 — Light  gray  lime.  Probable  base  of  St.  Louis  and  top  of 

Keokuk. 

“ 305 — Dark  gray  and  white  lime  mixed. 

“ 310 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 315 — Light  gray  lime  and  white  flint. 

“ 325 — Very  dark  lime. 

“ 330 — Very  dark  and  white  lime,  mixed. 

“ 340 — 'Gray  lime  and  sand. 

“ 348 — Gray  lime. 

“ 350 — Gray,  fossiliferous  lime. 

“ 358  to  380 — Gray  lime.  Oil  at  363  feet. 

“ 400  to  420 — Hard,  gray,  lime  shale. 

“ 425 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 430 — Gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 435 — Gray  lime  and  white,  lime  shale. 

“ 440  and  445 — Hard,  dark,  lime  and  shale. 

“ 450 — Gray  lime  and  shale. 

“ 455 — Gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 460 — Hard,  'gray,  lime  shale  and  white  sand. 


132 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

At  465 — Gray  lime  and  lime  shale. 

**  470 — Gray  and  white,  mottled  lime. 

“ 475 — Gray  lime. 

“ 485 — Dark  gray  lime  and  white,  lime  shale. 

“ 490  and  495 — Hard,  dark,  limy  shale. 

“ 501 — Hard,  dark,  lime  shale  and  white  sand. 

“ 506 — Dark  gray  lime  and  hard,  lime  shale. 

“ 510 — Light  gray  lime. 

“ 515 — Gray  lime  and  lime  shale. 

“ 520  to  530 — Hard,  gray,  lime  shales. 

“ 535  to  665 — Very  dark,  hard,  impure  limestones  and 

lime  shales. 

“ 670  to  680 — Black  shale Top  of  Black  Shale  at  670. 

“ 685 — Very  dark,  lime  shale. 

“ 690 — Brown,  impure  lime. 

“ 695  and  700 — Very  dark,  impure  lime. 

“ 705 — -Mixed  gray  and  white  lime. 

“ 708  to  760 — Black  shale Base  of  Black  Shale  at  760. 

“ 765  and  770 — Dark  brown,  sandy  lime. 

“ 775 — Mixed  black  and  white  limes  and  gray,  porous  sandy  lime. 

“ 780 — Fine-grained,  white  lime. 

“ 785 — Fine-grained)  yellow  lime. 

“ 790 — Fine-grained,  yellowish-brown  lime. 

“ 795  to  875 — Fine-grained,  white  lime. 

“ 880 — Gray  and  white  lime,  mixed. 

“ 885  and  890 — Gray  lime. 

“ 895  and  900 — Very  light  lime. 

“ 910 — Gray  lime. 

“ 915  to  935 — Light  lime. 

“ 940 — Mottled,  red  lime. 

“ 945  and  950 — Gray  lime. 

“ 955 — Fine-grained,  light  lime. 

“ 960 — Gray  lime. 

“ 965  and  975 — Gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 980 — Light  lime. 

“ 985 — Gray  lime  and  shale. 

“ 990 — Mottled,  gray  and  white  lime. 

“ 995  to  1,010 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,015 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,020  and  1,025 — Light  lime. 

“ 1,030  to  1,095 — Gray  limes  and  shales. 

“ 1,100  to  1,130— Light  lime. 

“ 1,135 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,140 — Gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,146 — Fine-grained,  light  lime. 

“ 1,150 — Light,  siliceous  lime. 

“ 1,155  and  1,160— Light  lime. 

“ 1,165 — Light  and  dark  gray  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,170  and  1,175 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,180  and  1,185 — Gray  lime  and  dark  shale. 

“ 1.190 — White  lime. 

“ 1,195  and  1,200 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,205 — Gray  lime  and  shale. 

“ 1,210 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,215  to  1,230 — Gray,  crystalline  lime. 

“ 1,235 — Fine-grained,  gray  lime. 

“ 1,240 — Gray  lime. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


133 


Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

At  1,245 — Gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,250  to  1,260— Gray  lime. 

“ 1,265  to  1,290 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,295  to  1,305 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,310 — Hard,  dark  gray,  lime  shale  and  white  lime,  mixed. 

“ 1,315  and  1,320 — Gray  and  white  lime,  mixed. 

“ 1,325— Gray  lime. 

“ 1,330  to  1,375 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,380  to  1,395 — Very  dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,400  and  1,405 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,410 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,415 — Dark  gray  lime  and  black  shale. 

“ 1,420 — Dark  gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,425 — Hard,  dark,  lime  shale. 

“ 1,430  to  1,44*0 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,445 — Black  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,450 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,455  and  1,460 — Gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,465 — Brown  lime. 

“ 1,470 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,475 — Very  dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,480 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,490 — Very  dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,495  to  1,520 — Gray  and  white  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,525  to  1,550 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,555 — Gray  and  white  lime,  mixed. 

“ 1,560  and  1,590 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 1,595 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,600  and  1,605 — Light  lime. 

“ 1,610  to  1,630 — Very  dark  lime. 

“ 1,635  to  1,660 — Light  and  dark  limes,  mixed. 

.Top' of  Birdseye. 

“ 1,660  to  1,670 — Light,  dove-colored  lime. 

“ 1,685— Gray  lime. 

“ 1,685  to  1,690— Light  lime. 

“ 1,695 — Light,  mottled  lime. 

“ 1,700 — Light  lime. 

“ 1,705  to  1,715 — Dark  gray  and  light  limes. 

“ 1,720 — Very  dark  lime. 

“ 1,725  and  1,730 — Very  dark  and  light  limes,  mixed. 

“ 1,735 — 'Black  lime. 

“ 1,740  and  1,745 — Very  dark,  brownish  lime. 

“ 1,750 — Black  lime. 

“ 1,755 — Very  dark,  brown  lime. 

“ 1,760 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,765 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 3,770 — Very  dark  lime. 

“ 1,775 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,780 — Very  dark  lime. 

The  well  starts  in  the  St.  Louis  Group  and  goes  down  to  about  the  top 
of  the  Chazy.  The  lines  between  St.  Louis  and  Keokuk  and  between  the  Hud- 
son and  Trenton  can  not  be  drawn  with  accuracy.  The  base  of  the  S't. 
Louis  is  about  at  230.  The  top  of  the  Black  Shale  is  at  670  and  its  base1 
at  760,  giving  a thickness  of  about  430  for  Keokuk  and  90  for  the  Black  Shale.  The 
Black  Shale  is  divided  in  two  parts  by  a bed  of  dark,  impure  lime  and  shales. 
The  top  of  the  Trenton  Group  can  be  put  approximately  at  1,4115  and  the 
top  of  the  Birdseye  at  1,660. 


134 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


LOGAN  COUNTY  WELL. 


Partial  record  of  well  at  Russellville. 

At  744 — “Blue  Lick”  water. 

910  to  1,010— Shale. 

Trenton  rock  (?). 

Heavy  oil  at  1,291. 

Marble,  1,291  to  1,411. 

Dark,  pebbly  rock,  1,411  to  1,854. 


HART  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Dog-  Creek. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  12  12 

Gray  lime  26  38 

Coal  % 382 

Blue  fire  clay  25%  64 

Hard  lime  10  74 

Blue  fire  clay  34  108 

Gray  lime  50  158 

Dark  lime  70  228 

Light  gray  lime  (salt  water)....  50  278 

Light  gray  sand 25  303 

Light  gray  lime 40  343 

Dark  gray  lime 31  374 

Dark  gray  sand 24  398 

Dark  gray  lime 45  443 

Light  gray  lime 75  518 

Dark  gray  sand 54  572 

Light  gray  lime 30  602 

Red  lime  40  642 

Very  dark  lime 93  735 

Dark,  bastard  sand  (oil  show) ...  12  747 

Dark  gray  lime 178  925 

Hard,  dark,  bastard  sand 42  967 

Very  dark  lime  138  1,105 

Lead-colored  slate  5 1,110 

Black  shale  105  1,215 

Hard,  dark  gray  lime  15  1,230 

Light  gray  lime 10  1,240 

Open  sandy  streak  (oil  and  gas)  18  1,258 

Dark  gray  lime  9 1,267 

Very  dark  lime  5 1,272 

Dark,  sandy  lime  8 1,280 

Light,  sandy  lime  (oil  show)  . . 10  1,290 

Soft,  light  gray  lime  40  1,330 


Geological  Formation. 
Chester. 


St.  Louis  Group. 


- Keokuk  and  Waverly. 

•Devonian  Shale. 
Corniferous  (?) 

| Boyd’s  Creek  Sand. 

>-  Upper  Silurian. 

I Probably  Clinton. 
Hudson. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


135 


No.  2 — Dog-  Creek. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  . 92  92 

Hard,  gray  lime 552  65 

Bluish  fire  clay 4 69 

Dark  gray  lime 1 70 

Dark  gray  sand 20  90 

Coal  y2 

Bluish  fire  clay  liy2  102 

Hard,  bluish-gray  lime 28  130 

Hard,  gray  sand 7 137 

Coal  y2 

Lead-colored  fire  clay  9 y2  147 

Gray,  bastard  sand 12  159 

Lead-colored  fire  clay 27  186 

Dark  gray  lime 14  200 

Light  gray  lime 5 205 

Coal  y2% 

Lead-colored  fire  clay  3 y2  209 

Light  gray  lime 10  219 

Dark  fire  clay 3 222 

Light  gray  lime  33  25? 

Dark  gray  lime 75  330 

Light  gray  lime 35  365 

Dark  gray  lime 35  400 

Dark  gray  lime 13  413 

Light  gray  lime 57  470 

Brownish-gray  lime  35  505 

Hard,  gray  sand 20  525 

Gray  lime  50  575 

Dark  gray  lime 25  600 

Light  gray  lime 22  622 

Dark,  bastard  lime 178  800 

Dark  gray  lime — black  streaks...  15  815 

Bastard  lime  and  sand 25  840 

Black,  bastard  lime 80  920 

Hard,  dark  gray  sand 30  950 

Very  dark,  bastard  lime 50  1,000 

Black,  bastard  slate 40  1,040 

Black,  bastard  lime 173  1,213 

Black  shale  105  1,318 

Hard,  gray  sand 10  1,3  2'8 

Black  slate  6 1,334 

Gray,  hard  sand 2 1,336 

Light  gray  sand 23  1,359 

Dark  gray  sand 6 1,365 

Hard,  bastard  sand 6 1,371 

Hard,  bastard  lime 25  1,396 

Hard,  gray  sand 24  1,420 

Reddish  gray  sand 10  1,430 

Light,  open  sand  (strong  salt 

water)  17  1,447 


In  these  two  records,  the  division  lines  between  St. 
uncertain. 


Geological  Formation. 

1 


Chester. 


) 

1 


" S’t.  Louis  Group. 


* Keokuk  and  Waverly. 

Devonian  Shale. 
Corniferous. 

Boyd’s  Creek  Sand. 
Louis  and  Keokuk  are 


136 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


BRECKENRIDGE  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Cloverport. 


Soil  

Brown  marl  

Blue  marl  

Gray  lime  

Blue  shale  

Gray  lime  

Blue  shale  

Brown  marl  

White  sand  

Blue  shale  

Fossil  lime  

Blue  shale  

Lime  

Shale  

Lime  

Shale  

Lime  

Dark  shale  

Lime  

Shale  

Lime  

Shale  

Lime  (sulphur  water) . . 

Shale  

Lime  (salt  water) 

Sand  

Lime  (oil  shows) 

Lime  

Gray,  porous  lime  (gas) 
Blue  lime. 


mess. 

Depth. 

12 

12 

20 

32 

26 

58 

30 

88  1 

1 

89 

2 

91  J 

11 

102 

11 

113 

32 

145 

38 

183  ' 

2 

185 

6 

191 

7 

198 

36 

234 

28 

262 

18 

280 

20 

300 

8 

308 

15 

323 

6 

329 

60 

389 

12 

401 

55 

456 

4 

460 

93 

553 

20 

573 

285 

858  j 

14 

872  S 

15 

887 

Geological  Formation. 
Chester  to  145. 


No. 


1 Chester  Lime- 
stone. 


No.  1 (Big  Clifty)  S’.  S. 


St.  Louis  Group. 


No.  2 — Webster. 


Lime  

Black  shale 


895 

75 


895  St.  Louis  and  Keokuk. 
970  Devonian. 


No.  3 — Hardinsburg. 


Soil  

Limestone  

Sandstone  

Limestone  

Sandstone  

Mostly  limestone  

Limestone  and  shale  (gas  at  1,055) 

Black  shale  

Limestone  


17 

17  ^ 

35 

52 

57 

109 

» Chester. 

25 

134 

76 

210 

735 

945 

fe’t.  Louis. 

435 

1,380 

Keokuk  and  Waverly. 

95 

1,475 

Devonian. 

20 

1,495 

Probably  Corniferous 

and  Niagara. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


137 


No.  4 — Stephensport. 

Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

At  0 to  22 — Soil. 

“ 22  to  25 — Gray  shale. 

“ 25  to  35 — Gray  lime No.  1 Chester  Limestor  e. 

“ 32  to  67 — Light  brown  sand Big  Clifty  Sandstone. 

“ 75 — Gray,  crinoidal  limestone Top  of  St.  Louis  at  67. 

“ 85 — 'Gray  lime. 

“ 96 — White  lime. 

“ 100 — Mottled,  gray  lime. 

“ 130 — Black  shale. 

“ 135 — 'Light,  dove-colored  lime. 

“ 155 — Soft,  white  lime. 

“ 230 — Gray  lime  and  pink,  crystalline  lime. 

“ 240 — Gray  oolite. 

“ 276 — Dove-colored,  lithographic  lime. 

“ 300 — Light  gray,  partly  oolitic  lime. 

“ 317 — Gray  and  white,  crinoidal  limes. 

“ 335 — White  lime. 

“ 350 — Gray,  crystalline  lime. 

“ 380 — Fine-grained,  white  lime. 

“ 395 — White  lime. 

“ 420 — Light  gray  lime. 

“ 425 — Black  shale — crinoidal  lime — sand,  mixed. 

“ 435 — Light  and  dark  gray  limes. 

“ 450 — Gray  lime. 

“ 470 — Very  light  lime. 

“ 475 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 482 — -Brownish-gray  lime  and  black  shale,  mixed. 

“ 500 — Brown  lime  and  black  shale  over  a light 

gray,  crinoidal  lime. 

“ 510 — White  quartzite. 

“ 515 — Dove-colored  lime. 

“ 518 — Gray,  fossiliferous  and  black  limes.  67  to  813 — Full  section 

“ 525 — Gray  lime.  of  St.  Louis  Group. 

“ 530 — Black  lime. 

“ 535 — Thin,  gray  lime*. 

“ 540 — Black  lime. 

“ 555 — Gray  lime. 

“ 585 — Dove-colored  lime. 

“ 600— Black  lime. 

“ 620 — Light,  mottled  lime. 

“ 630 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 638 — White  quartzite. 

“ 644— Dark,  dove-colored  lime. 

“ 650 — Soft,  brownish-white,  shaly  lime  over  brown  lime. 

“ 656 — Gray  lime. 

“ 662 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 680 — Brownish-gray  lime. 

“ 686 — Dark  and  light  gray  limes. 

“ 692— Light  gray  lime. 

“ 700— White  lime. 

“ 712 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 722 — Brownish-white  lime. 

“ 735 — Dark  gray,  crystalline  lime. 

“ 755  to  807 — Dark  gray  lime. 

“ 813 — Light  and  dark  gray  limes. 

Base  of  St.  Louis  and  top  of  Keokuk. 


138 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

At  816 — Black  shaly  lime. 

“ 835 — Black  lime — white  fossils. 

“ 840 — Black  lime. 

“ 865 — White,  fossiliferous  lime. 

“ 890 — Mottled,  gray  lime  and  white  lime. 

“ 900 — Dove-colored  lime. 

“ 915 — Very  light  lime.  813  to  1,253 — Full  sec- 

“ 1,030 — Light  gray  lime.  tion  of  Keokuk. 

“ 1,045 — Gray,  crystalline  lime. 

“ 1,050  to  1,100 — Light  gray  lime. 

“ 1,124 — Gray,  sandy  lime. 

“ 1,130 — Gray  lime. 

“ 1,138 — White  and  dark  gray  limes. 

“ 1,150 — Very  dark  lime. 

“ 1,155  to  1,185 — Impure,  black  lime. 


1,230 — Fine-grained,  black,  limy  sandstone Base  of  Keokuk. 

1,253  to  1,315 — Black  shale.  Devonian. 


This  well  did  not  go  quite  deep*  enough  to  test  the  Boyd’s  Creek  Sand. 


Well  at  Tell  City,  Indiana — Below  Hawesville,  Hancock  Co.,  Ky. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Soil  

Gray  shale 

Light  gray  sand 

Very  dark,  very  fine-grained  sand. 

Gray  and  white  limestone 

Very  dark,  gray  shale 

Space  

Light,  yellowish-brown  lime 

Grayish-green  marl  

Dark  gray  lime 

Light  gray  lime 

Gray,  slightly  calcareous  sand... 
Mottled,  gray  lime  and  dark  gray 

shale  

Gray  sand,  slightly  calcareous... 

Dark  gray  shale 

Red  and  brown  marl 

Light  gray  lime 

Dark  gray  shale 

Light  gray  sand 

Black  and  white  lime  and  black 

shale  

Gray  lime  

Reddish-brown  marl 

Gray  sand  

Reddish-brown  marl  

Light  gray  sand 

Space  

Gray  lime  

Fine-grained,  light  lime 

Very  fine-grained,  light  lime 


25 

25  "1 
40  l 

15 

40 

80  f 

80 

160  J 

30 

190  ' 

30 

220 

10 

230 

5 

235 

45 

280 

30 

310 

41 

351 

6 

357 

43 

400 

15 

415 

81 

496  . 

35 

531 

33 

564 

36 

600 

20 

620 

3 

623 

17 

640 

13 

653 

27 

680 

5 

685 

62 

747 

10 

757  J 

168 

92~5  S 

5 

930  f 

240 

1,170  J 

Lower  Coal  Measures. 


Full  section  of  Ches- 
ter Group. 


St.  Louis. 


Well  stopped  in  St.  Louis  limestone. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


139 


Eugene  Young  well — Three  miles  northeast  of  Predonia,  Caldwell  Co. 


Soil  

Slate  and  lime 

Hard,  black  lime  

Slate  

Soft,  gray  sand  

Slate  and  shaly,  white  sand 

Soft,  white  sand  

Red  soapstone  

Sand  

Slate  

Lime  (black  sulphur  water)  

Slate  and  soapstone  

Slate  and  hard,  shaly  lime 

Hard,  light  lime 

Sand  and  slate 

White  quartzite  

Sand  

Lime  

Slate  

Hard  lime  

Pink  rock — slate  or  soapstone 

Bluish  lime  

Hard,  sharp  lime 

Hard  sand  

Lime  

Sand  

Lime  

Sand  

Blue  and  black,  hard  limes 

Flinty  in  lower  beds. 

Well  began  in  the  Chester  series. 


Thickness.  Depth. 

15  15 

10  25 

25  50 

25  75 

10  85 

40  125 

50  175 

10  185 

55  240 

60  300 

25  325 

75  400 

40  440 

50  490 

30  520 

55  575 

25  600 

35  635 

15  650 

15  665 

15  680 

220  900 

90  990 

10  1,000 

10  1,010 

10  1,020 

15  1,035 

265  1,300 

1,044  2,344 

At  740  salt  water  was  struck.  The 


Black  Shale  does  not  show  in  the  record. 


CARROLL  COUNTY  WELL. 


Well  at  Carrollton. 

Depth. 

From  0 to  96 — |Alluvium. 

At  96 — Light,  crystalline  lime. 

180 — Light  and  dark,  gray  limes. 

200 — Light,  crystalline  lime. 

230 — Light  brown,  conglomerate  lime. 

242 — Light,  magnesian  lime. 

260 — Gray,  magnesian  lime. 

280 — Fine-grained,  gray  lime. 

285 — Fine,  light,  magnesian  lime. 

335 — Light,  crystalline  and  'gray,  fossil  lime. 

420 — Birdseye  limestone. 

430 — 'Birdseye  limestone. 

475 — Birdseye  lime  and  some  magnesian  lime 
495 — Light,  magnesian  lime. 

500,  520,  600,  675,  700  and  800 — Chazy  limestone. 
1,000 — A greenish-black  slate  and  top  of  Calciferous. 
1,095 — Calciferous. 

1,148 — Calciferous  (“Blue  Lick”  water). 


Geological  Formation. 
Alluvial. 


Trenton  Limestones. 


Birdseye. 

Magnesian, 
j.  Chazy. 

| Calciferous. 


140 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


The  top’  of  the  Trenton  is  below  low  water  in  the  Ohio  river.  The  top  of 
the  Birdseye  is  between  335  and  420 — probably  about  at  400 — and  the  base  at 
475.  The  Magnesian  limestone  shows  at  from  4175  to  495,  and  the  Cliazy  at  500 
to  1,000.  The  top  of  the  Calciferous  is  at  1,000.  The  well  stopped  in  the  Cal- 
ciferous,  with  a flow  of  "Blue  Lick”  water  at  1,148  feet. 

OLDHAM  COUNTY  WELL.  (Partial  Record.) 

Well  at  Z.aGrange. 

Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

At  790 — Gray  limestone Top  of  Trenton  about  675. 

“ 835 — Very  dark  gray  lime. 

“ 930 — Light,  dove-colored  lime Top  of  Birdseye  about  900. 

“ 1,025 — Dark,  dove-colored  lime. 

" 1,225— White  lime. 

“ 1,260 — Dove-colored  lime. 

“ 1,315  to  1,365 — Very  dark,  dove-colored  lime. 

“ 1,380 — Dove-colored  lime. 

“ 1,450 — "Blue  Lick”  water. 

“ 1,450  to  1,555 — Light  sandy  lime.  (Top  of  Calciferous  between  1,380 

and  1,450.) 

Well  starts  about  at  top  of  Hudson. 


HARRISON  COUNTY  WELL. 


Well  at  Cynthiana. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Soil  24  24 

Dark  gray  lime  at 24 

Dark  and  light  gray  lime.  ...  52  76 

Light,  very  fine-'grained  lime.  . 19  95 

Sulphur  water  at 74 

Mixed  gray  limestones 55  150 

Very  dark  gray  lime  at 175 

Light,  dove-colored  lime  at..  215  to  300 

Very  light  lime  at 350  to  600 

Very  dark,  dove-colored  lime  670  to  690 

Light,  greenish  shale  at 760 

Light,  sandy  lime  at 785  to  1,000 

Bottom  at  1,000. 


Geological  Formation. 


Birdseye. 

| Chazy. 

Top  of  Calciferous. 


Well  starts  near  top  of  Trenton. 

Bottom  of  Trenton  (Bluegrass)  limestones 215 

Birdseye  215  to  300 

Chazy  320  to  760 

Calciferous  760  to  Bottom 


WEBSTER  COUNTY  WELLS. 


Well  at  Sebree. 

Thickness. 

Clay  and  sand 52 

Soft  sandstone  6 

Soapstone  and  clay 66 

S’androck  8 

Soft  sandstone  50 

Slate  33 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


141 


Sebree  well — Continued. 

Coal  

Fire  clay  

Limestone  

Sandy  shale  

Slate  

Coal  

Soapstone  and  shale 

Sandrock  

Sandy  shale  

Soapstone  

Sandstone  

Soapstone  

Sandy  shale  

Black  shale  

Hard  lime  

Coal  

Soapstone  

Sandrock  

Soapstone  

Sandrock  with  soft  stratas 
Soapstone  


Thickness. 

IV2 

5 
8 

27 

6 

3 V2 
40 
215 
75 
15 
15 
20 

5 

28 
2 
3 

24 

6 
2 

62  Oil,  Salt  Water  and  Gas. 
3 

695 


Well  at  Iiisman  Station. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Clay 22  22 

Soapstone 23  45 

Bastard  limestone 10  55 

Coal  1 56 

Sandstone,  soapstone  and  slate 27  83 

Bastard  limestone 10  93 

Sandstone  and  shale 33  126 

Soapstone  27  153 

Black  slate  10  163 

Sandstone  and  sandy  shale 10  173 

Sandstone  10  183 

Bastard  limestone  15  198 

Soapstone 30  228 

Sandstone  7 235 

Soapstone  49  284 

Black  slate  3 287 

Fire  clay  and  slate 4 291 

Sandy  shale  22  313 

Gray  sand  and  lime 5 318 

Black  slate  5 323 

Coal  I2  324 

Limestone  3 327 

Gray  sandstone  8 335 

Limestone  23  358 

Soapstone  21  379 

Gray  sandstone  8 387 

Soapstone  11  398 


142 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


WELL  AT  CENTRAL  CITY,  NEAR  HUNTINGTON,  W.  VA. 

(Prof.  White.) 

Thickness.  Depth. 

Conductor  26  26 

Shale,  sand  and  lime 94  120 

Lime  7 127 

Slate  and  Are  clay 98  225 

Sand  (Upper  Mahoning — Dunkard) 25  250 

Slate  50  300 

Sand  (Lower  Mahoning)  gas 30  330 

Black  slate  (Upper  Freeport  coal) 10  340 

Gray  sand  60  400 

Black  slate  10  410 

Gray  sand  85  495 

White  and  blue  slate 25  520 

Sand  and  lime 20  540 

Slate  20  560 

Black  slate  175  735 

Gray  sand  25  760 

Black  slate  (coal) 105  865 

Sand  (gas  and  salt  water) 30  895 

Black  sand  10  905 

Black  slate  30  935 

Lime  5 940 

Black  slate  30  970 

Mountain  lime  150  1,120 

Slate  28  1,148 

Dark  gray  sand  (“Big  Injun”)  salt  water 177  1,325 

Black  shale  and  slate 370  1,695 

Lime  and  hard  sand 10  1,705 

Brown  slate  25  1,730 

Berea  sand  (oil  and  gas) 25  1,755 

Black  slate  10  1,765 

Hard  gray  sand  5 1,770 

Lime  5 1,775 

Gray  sand  10  1,785 

Lime  3 1,788 

Black  sand  2 1,790 

Bastard  lime  4 1,794 

Black  shale 20  1,814 

Fine  black  sand 97  1,911 

Shale  and  slate  (black,  blue  and  white) 574  2,485 

Bastard  lime  (gas,  stray  sand) . 15  2,500 

Shale  250  2,750 

Gray  sand  10  2,760 

Corniferous  limestone  10"  2,770 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


143 


CHAPTER  VI. 


ADDITIONAL  WELL  RECORDS. 


The  records  of  drilled  wells  given  in  the  preceding  chapter 
were  intended  to  represent,  as  well  as  possible,  typical  records 
for  the  respective  counties  in  which  they  were  drilled.  Below 
are  given  a number  of  additional  records,  all  of  which  are  au- 
thentic and  many  of  them  typical,  but  some  of  which,  owing 
in  some  cases  to  obvious  errors  of  the  driller  in  describing  for- 
mations passed  through,  and,  in  other  cases,  owing  to  the  rocks 
presenting  a section  changed  locally  from  the  usual  section, 
may  differ  somewhat  in  one  or  more  respects  from  a typical 
section  and  in  some  parts  be  difficult  to  entirely  interpret.  The 
records  are  given  just  as  received  from  the  drillers,  but  the 
identification  of  sands  and  geological  formations  are  by  the 
writer. 


BATH  COUNTY  WELLS. 

No.  1 — Ragland  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Gravel  

12 

12 

Lime  

72 

Slate  

172 

White  shale  

10 

182 

Black  shale  

231 

413 

Devonian  Skales. 

Oil  sand  

21 

4/34 

Corniferous. 

2 — Rag-land  farm. 

Gravel  

22 

Blue  lime  

136 

158 

Black  shale  

363  "] 

1 

White  fire  clay 

6 

369 

r Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

9 

378  j 

1 

Oil  sand  

20 

398 

Corniferous. 

3 — Rag-land  farm. 

Gravel  

35 

Blue  shale  

100 

Waverly. 

Brown  shale  

200  •'i 

Fire  clay  

8 

208  1 

>.  Devonian  Shales. 

Shale  

14 

222  J 

Oil  sand  

30 

252 

Corniferous. 

Red  mud  

206 

458 

Niagara. 

2d  sand  

22 

480 

Clinton. 

Mud  

482 

144 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  4 — Ragland  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation 

Gravel  

17 

17 

Blue  shale  

559 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

205 

764  ' 

| 

White  fire  clay 

8 

772 

> Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

12 

784  . 

1 

Oil  sand  

20 

804  * 

Corniferous. 

No.  5 — Ragland  farm. 


Gravel  

20 

20 

Blue  shale  

167 

X87 

Waverly. 

Black  shale 

392  " 

1 

White  fire  clay 

8 

400 

f-  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

12 

412  „ 

I 

Oil  sand  

14 

426 

Corniferous. 

No.  6 — Ragland  farm. 


Lime  

50 

50- 

St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  

449 

499 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

205 

704  " 

1 

White  fire  clay 

8 

712 

f-  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

12 

724  „ 

1 

Oil  sand  

17 

741 

Corniferous. 

No.  7 — Ragland  farm. 


Gravel  

20 

20 

Blue  shale  

97 

117 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

205 

322  ' 

1 

White  fire-clay  

330 

Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

342  , 

1 

Oil  sand  

15 

357 

Corniferous. 

No.  8 — Ragland  farm. 


Lime  

20 

20 

St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  

522 

542 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

205 

747  1 

1 

White  fire-clay  

8 

755 

y Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

767  j 

1 

Oil  sand  

787 

Corniferous. 

9 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

20 

20 

Blue  shale  

40 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

224 

264  j 

• Devonian  Shales. 

White  fire-clay  

4 

268  j 

Sand  

32 

300 

Soapstone  

304 

Stray  sand  (oil) 

322 

Shale  

325 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


145 


No.  10 — T.  C.  Ragland  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Gravel  5 5 

Blue  shale  172  177  Waverly. 

Black  shale  206  383  *1 

White  fire-clay  5 388  r Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  15  403  J 

Oil  sand  19  422  Corniferous. 


No.  11 — T.  C.  Ragland  farm. 


Gravel 10  10 

Blue  shale  362  372  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  577  1 

White  fire-clay  8 585  j-  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  597  J 

Oil  sand  18  615  Corniferous. 


12 — Ragland  farm. 

Gravel  

34 

Blue  shale  

95 

Waverly. 

Brown  shale  

295  ' 

| 

White  fire-clay  

303 

(-Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

12 

315  „ 

1 

Oil  sand  

27 

342 

Corniferous. 

13 — Ewing  farm. 

Gravel  

22 

Lime  

175 

White  slate  

405 

Sand  

435 

Black  shale  

651 

Devonian. 

Oil  sand  

29 

680 

Corniferous. 

* 

No.  14 — Ewing  farm. 

Gravel  

Lime  

Slate  

Shale  

Oil  sand  


18  18 

158  176 

274  450 

216  666 

24  690 


Devonian. 

Corniferous. 


No.  15 — Ewing  farm. 

Gravel  

Lime  - 

Slate  

Black  shale  . . . . 
Oil  sand  


13  13 

225  238 

273  511 

215  726 

21  747 


Devonian. 

Corniferous. 


146 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  16 — Ewing-  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

Gravel  20  20 

Blue  shale  391  411  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  616  'J 

White  fire-clay 8 624  V Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  636  J 

Oil  sand  24  660  Corniferous. 

No.  17 — Ewing  farm. 

Lime  50  50  St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  555  605  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  810 

White  fire-clay 5 815  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  15  830  J 

Oil  sand  25  855  Corniferous. 

No.  18 — Ewing  farm. 

Gravel  4 4 

Lime  and  shale  395  399 

Black  shale  205  604  "l 

Fire-clay  8 612  Devonian  Shales. 

Shale  12  624  J 

Oil  sand  25  649  Corniferous. 

No.  19 — Ewing  farm. 

Blue  shale  590  590  Waverly. 

Black  shale  206  796 

White  fire-clay 5 80T  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  15  816  J 

Oil  sand  25  841  Corniferous. 

No.  20 — Ewing  farm. 

Gravel  40  40 

Blue  shale 662  702  Waverly. 

Black  shale  206  908 

White  fire-clay 6 914  W Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  14  928  J 

Oil  sand  25  953  Corniferous. 

No.  21 — Ewing  farm. 

Gravel  20  20 

Blue  shale  527  547  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  752  ^ 

White  fire-clay 8 760  L Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  772  J 

Oil  sand  22  794  Corniferous. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


147 


No.  22 — Ewing'  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Lime  50  50  S’t.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  565  615  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  820 

White  fire-clay 8 828  >»  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  840  J 

Oil  sand  33  873  Corniferous. 


No.  23 — Ewing*  farm. 


Lime  

50 

St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  

569 

619 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

205 

824  ' 

] 

White  fire-clay  

8 

832 

> Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

844  _ 

1 

Oil  sand  

878  ’ 

Corniferous. 

No.  24 — Wooley  farm. 


Gravel  

Sand  

Black  shale 
Ragland  sand 
Light  shale 
2d  sand  .... 
Slate  


2 2 


155 

157 

Waverly. 

113 

270 

Devonian. 

24 

294 

Corniferous. 

220 

514 

Niagara. 

83 

597 

Clinton  (in  upper  part) 

18 

615 

Hudson. 

No.  25 — Wooley  farm. 


Gravel  12  12 

White  lime  56  68 

White  slate  89  157 

White  lime  90  245 

Brown  shale  10  255 

White  slate  10  265  f*  Devonian  Shales. 

Black  shale  200  465  J 

Oil  sand 22  487  Corniferous. 


No.  26 — Wooley  farm. 


Gravel  6 6 

White  lime  264  270 

Brown  shale  20  290  ' 

WThite  slate  20  310 

Brown  shale  162  472  > Devonian  Shales. 

White  slate  12  484 

Brown  shale  6 490  ^ 

Oil  sand  19  509  Corniferous. 


148 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  27 — Wooley  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

Gravel  18  18 

White  shale  280  298  Waverly. 

Black  shale  190  488  “'I 

Fire-clay  10  498  r Devonian  Shales. 

Black  shale  15  513  J 

Oil  sand  22  535  Corniferous. 

No.  28 — Wooley  farm. 

Gravel  10  10 

White  lime  298  308 

Black  shale  207  515  "'I 

Brown  shale  10  525  >•  Devonian  Shales. 

Fire-clay  5 530  J 

Oil  sand  19  549  Corniferous. 

No.  29 — Wooley  farm. 

Gravel  8 8 

White  shale  34(7  355  Waverly. 

Black  shale  f 209  564  ) 

Fire-clay  8 572  f Devonian  Shales. 

Oil  sand  21  593  Corniferous. 

No.  30 — Wooley  farm. 

White  lime  50  50  St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  508  558  Waverly. 

Black  shale  206  764 

White  fire-clay 6 770  >-  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  13  783  J 

Oil  sand  22  805  Corniferous. 

No.  31 — Wooley  farm. 

Blue  shale  557  557  Waverly. 

Black  shale  206  763  '1 

White  fire-clay  6 769  j-  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  14  783  J 

Oil  sand  24  807  Corniferous. 

No.  32 — Wooley  farm. 

Blue  shale  284  284  Waverly. 

Black  shale 205  489  "j 

White  fire-clay 6 495  i- Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  13  508  J 

Oil  sand  22  530  Corniferous. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


149 


No.  33 — Wooley  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation 

Blue  shale  

298 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

207 

505  ' 

[ 

White  fire-clay  

7 

512 

f Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

526  , 

) 

Oil  sand  

20 

. 546 

Corniferous. 

No.  34 — Wooley  farm. 

Blue  shale  . . 
Black  shale  . . 
White  fire-clay 
Brown  shale  . 

Oil  sand 


No.  35 — Wooley  farm. 

Blue  shale  .... 
Black  shale  . . . 
White  fire-clay 
Brown  shale  . . 
Oil  sand  


No.  36 — Wooley  farm. 


Gravel  

10 

10 

Lime  

40 

50 

Blue  shale  

492 

542 

Waverly. 

Brown  shale  

203 

747  ' 

| 

White  fire-clay  

8 

755 

L Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

12 

767  _ 

f 

Oil  sand  

22 

789  ' 

Corniferous. 

307 

307 

Waverly. 

207 

514;  " 

1 

6 

520 

r Devonian  Shales. 

14 

534  _ 

j 

15 

549 

Corniferous. 

550  550  Waverly. 

207  757  "I 

6 763  l Devonian  Shales. 

14  777  J 

26  803  Corniferous. 


37 — Wooley  farm. 

Lime  

50 

50 

Blue  shale  

488 

538 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

205 

743  " 

j 

White  fire-clay 

8 

751 

f Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

12 

763  _ 

) 

Oil  sand  

21 

784 

Corniferous. 

38 — Wooley  farm. 

Lime  

80 

80 

St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  

533 

613 

Waverly. 

Black  shale  

205 

818  ' 

) 

Fire-clay  

8 

826 

r Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  

838  . 

J 

Oil  sand  

858 

Corniferous. 

150 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


No,  39 — Wooley  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Gravel  20  20 

Lime  40  60  St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  515  575  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  780  1 

White  fire-clay  8 788  L Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  800  J 

Oil  sand  26  826  Corniferous. 


No.  40 — Wooley  farm. 


Lime  40  40  St.  Louis. 

Blue  shale  511  551  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  756 

White  fire-clay 8 764  Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  776  J 

Oil  sand  21  797  Corniferous. 


No.  41 — Wooley  farm. 

Gravel  and  blue  shale 

Black  shale  

White  fire-clay  

Brown  shale  

Ragland  sand  


No.  42 — Wooley  farm. 

Gravel  

Brown  shale  

Soapstone  

Shale  

Soapstone  or  fire-clay 

Shale  

Fire-clay  

Ragland  sand  

Blue  mud 

Soft  lime  

Red  mud  

Hard  lime  

Blue  mud  

2d  sand  

Blue  mud  


No.  43 — Wooley  farm. 


Gravel  20  20 

Blue  shale  251  271  Waverly. 

Black  shale  205  4Y6  ^ 

White  fire-clay 8 484  L Devonian  Shales. 

Brown  shale  12  436  J 

Oil  sand  15  511  Corniferous. 


20 

140 

20 

5 
9 

6 

10 

12 

155 

12 

10 

14 

3 


6 

n 

31 

171 

191 

196 

205 

211 

221 

233 

388 

400 

410 

424 

427 


Devonian  Shales. 


} 


Corniferous. 


Niagara  (?) 


1 

r-  Clinton  (?) 


226 

226 

Waverly. 

205 

431  ' 

) 

8 

439 

U Devonian  Shales. 

12 

451 

J 

18 

4 63  ‘ 

Corniferous. 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


151 


No.  44 — McKinney  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Clay,  sand  and  gravel 

20 

20 

White  shale  

120 

140 

Brown  shale  

16 

156 

Fire-clay  and  shale 

20 

176 

Brown  shale  

352 

Oil  sand  

15 2 

3672 

Geological  Formation. 


:} 


Devonian  Shales. 


Corniferous. 


MENEFEE  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Hulda  Coldiron  farm. 


Clay  

7 

7 

Dark  sand  

13 

20 

Blue  shale  

3 

23 

Dark  sand  

5 

28 

Blue  shale  

5 

33 

Dark  sand  

5 

38 

Blue  shale  

4 

42 

Dark  sand  

9 

51 

\ 

Blue  shale  

13 

64 

r 

Dark  sand  

6 

70 

Blue  shale  

25 

95 

Dark  sand  

25 

120 

Blue  shale 

310 

430 

Gray  lime  

2 

432 

Blue  shale  

4 

436 

Black  shale  

24 

460 

Blue  shale  

6 

466 

j 

Brown  shale  (shale  gas  at  500)  . . . 

137 

603 

i 

Blue  shale  

** 

607 

j 

Dark  lime  (gas) 

9 

616 

i 

Gray  lime  (gas) 

17 

633 

t 

Blue  shale  

2 

635 

Dark  lime  

3 

63S 

Gray  lime  

17 

655 

Blue  shale  

2 

657 

Gray  lime  

3 

660 

Blue  shale  

1 

661 

Dark  lime 

3 

664 

Gray  lime  

O 

667 

Blue  shale  

2 

665 

Gray  lime  

3 

672 

Blue  shale  

4 

676 

Waverly. 


Devonian  Shales. 


Corniferous  L.  S. 


700,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  per  day. 


152 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


No.  2 — J.  M.  Adams  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Clay  7 7 

Dark  sand  47  54  "j 

Black  shale  1592  5042  ) 

Blue  shale  42  509  i 

Dark  lime  16  525  ) 

Gray  lime  (gas  and  salt  water) ...  10  535  f 

Blue  shale  10  545  "1 

Gray  lime  5 550 

Light  shale  7 557  J 

No.  3 — Ewing*  Heirs. 

Gravel  15  15 

Blue  lime  325  340 

Black  shale  230  570 

Ragland  sand  50  620 

Lime  180  800 

Red  rock  25  825 

Lime  150  975 

White  slate  25  1,000 

Blue  lime  200  1,200 

Red  rock  10  1,210 

White  lime  300  1,510 

White  sand  50  1,560 

White  lime  80  1,640 

Sand  20  1,660 

Lime  141  1,801 


Geological  Formation. 

Waverly. 

Devonian  Shales. 
Corniferous  L.  S. 

Niagara. 


Devonian. 


No.  4 — Agues  Rothwell  farm. 

Soil  

Dark  sandstone  

Dark  lime  

Blue  shale  

Blue  lime 

Black  shale  

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

Brown  shale  

Blue  shale  

Dark  lime  

Dark  gas  lime  (gas) 

Dark  lime  

Blue  shale  

Dark  shale  

Blue  shale  

Red  and  brown  shale.  . . . 

Gray  lime  

Blue  shale  

Gray  lime  

Gray  lime  and  fossils.  . . 


186 

190 

2 

192 

> 

206 

398 

14 

412 

J 

130 

542 

2 

544 

11 

555 

[ 

6 

561 

11 

572 

J 

17 

589 

15 

604 

[ 

11 

615 

J 

45 

660 

40 

700 

l 

L 

39 

739 

r 

j 

10 

749 

5 

754 

1 

i 

5 

759 

411 

1,170 

r 

j 

30 

1,200 

Waverly. 


Devonian  Shales. 


Ragland  Sand. 


Niagara  STiales. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


153 


No.  5 — Bellamy  farm. 


Clay  

Blue  soapstone 
Black  shale  . . . 
Blue  shale  .... 
Hard,  gray  lime 
Dark  shale  . . . 
Dark  lime  .... 
Gray  lime  .... 
Dark  lime  .... 


No.  6 — Davis  Hamilton  farm. 

Clay  

Soft,  blue  shale 

Hard,  blue  shale 

Black  shale  

Light  shale  

Hard,  gray  lime 

Soft,  blue  shale 

Black  shale  

Blue  shale  

Black  slate  

Blue  shale  

Olive  green  shale 

Yellow  flint  

Reddish-brown  shale 

Light-green  slate  

Reddish-brown  shale 

Hard,  gray  lime  

Blue  shale  

Hard,  gray  lime 

Blue  shale  

Hard,  gray  lime 

Pink  shale  

Hard,  gray  lime 

Light  shale  

Hard,  gray  lime 

Blue  shale  

Hard,  gray  lime 

White  shale  

Blue  slate  

Hard,  black  lime 

Gray  lime  

Dark  lime  

Gray  lime  

Blue  lime  

Dark  lime  (white  specks) 

Green  lime  

Dark  gray  lime 

Dark  gray  lime  (fossils) 

White  lime  

Dark  lime  

Dark  gray  slate 

Dark  lime  

Blue  slate  

Dark  lime  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

5 

113 

118  1 Waverly‘ 

150 

268 

Devonian. 

62 

330 

Niagara. 

15 

345 

38 

383 

232 

615 

- Clinton  and  Hudson. 

10 

625 

75 

o 

o 

8 

8 

4 

12  " 

| 

11 

23 

152 

175 

35 

210 

’ Waverly. 

3 

213 

2 

215  J 

143 

358  ] 

64 

422 

Devonian. 

18 

440  J 

46 

436  'I 
500 

14 

I 

501  I 

8 

509  ( 

► Niagara. 

3 

512  | 

2 

514  I 

11 

525 

Clinton. 

2 

527 

3 

530 

18 

548 

24 

572 

2 

574 

3 

577 

8 

585 

3 

588 

2 

590 

4 

594 

6 

600 

14 

614 

103 

717 

5 

722 

2 

724 

1 

725 

6 

731 

83 

814 

11 

825 

35 

860 

98 

958 

8 

966 

3 

969 

5 

974 

21 

995 

3 

998 

7 

1,005 

154 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  7 — J.  J.  Chambers,  No.  2. 

Thickness. 


Clay  7 

Blue  sand  113 

Blue  shale  3332 

Gray  lime  32 

Black  shale  156 

White  shale  8 

Dark  lime  (gas  show  at  636) 40 

(oil  show  at  646) 

Gray  lime  ' 15 

S'alt  water  sand 12 

Gray  lime  7 

Blue  shale  13 


Depth. 

7 

120 

4532 

457 

613 

621 

661 


Geological  Formation. 


j Waverly. 

j-  Devonian  Shales. 
Corniferous  L.  S. 


676 

688 

695 

708 


No.  8 — T.  r.  Poynter  farm. 


Soil  

Gray  slate 

Red  slate 

Gray  slate  .... 
Black  shale  . . . . 
Light  shale  . . . 

Dark  lime  

Gray  lime  (gas) 
Gray  shale  . . . . 


7 7 

363  370  '] 

5 375 

35  410  J 

140  550  ) 

7 557  \ 

2 559  ( 

18  577  ) 

13  590 


Waverly. 

Devonian  Shales. 

Corniferous  L.  S. 
Niagara. 


No.  9 — R.  S.  Ingram  farm. 

Soil  

Blue  slate  

Sandstone 

Blue  shale  

Hard  sandstone  

Soft  sandstone  

Gray  lime  

Blue  lime  and  slate 

Black  shale  

Dark  gas  lime  (salt  water) 

Gray  gas  lime.  

Light  gas  lime  (oil  show) 

Blue  slate  

Blue  shale 

Blue  slate  

Pink  shale  

Blue  lime  


10 

10 

10 

20 

30 

50 

48 

98 

6 

104 

” Waverly. 

6 

110 

100 

210 

187 

397 

- 

173 

570 

Devonian. 

,30 

600 

] 

20 

620 

1 Corniferous. 

10 

630 

J 

10 

640 

110 

750 

20 

770 

25 

795 

53 

848 

No.  10 — W.  F.  Fitzpatrick  farm. 

Clay  

Blue  shale  

Blue  sand  

Blue  shale  

Gray  lime  

Black  shale  

Blue  shale  

Dark  gas  sand 

Gray  gas  sand 

Dark  gas  sand  

Soft,  blue  shale 


5 

30 

8 

264 

8 

143 

8 

1 

10 

17 

19 


5 

35 

43 

307 

315 

458 

466 

467 
477 
494 
513 


1 

Waverly. 

j 

j-  Devonian  Shales. 

Corniferous. 

Niagara. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


155 


No.  11 — Skidmore  Bros.’  farm. 


Thickness. 

Clay  9 

Dark  sand  71 

Blue  shale  298 

Black  shale  156 

Blue  shale  6 

Dark  gas  sand 7 

Gray  gas  sand 26 

Dark  gas  sand 11 

Blue  shale  6 


Depth. 

9 

80 

378 

53-1 

540 

547 

573 

584 

590 


Geological  Formation. 

j-  Waverly. 
j-  Devonian  Shales. 

j-  Corniferous. 

Niagara. 


No.  12 — J.  J.  Chambers  farm. 


Soil  

Blue  sand  

Blue  shale  

Brown  lime  

Blue  shale  

Blue  sand  

Blue  shale  

Blue  sand  

Blue  shale  

Blue  lime 

Blue  shale  

Black  shale  

Blue  shale  

Gray  gas  sand  (open,  1st  pay) .... 

Gray  gas  sand  (close) 

Gray  gas  sand  (open,  2d  pay) 

Blue  shale  


4 

4 

176 

180  'j 

92 

272 

2 

274 

51 

325 

17 

342 

60 

402 

■ Waverly. 

13 

415 

36 

451 

3 

454 

8 

462  J 

138 

600  j 

- Devonian  Shales. 

10 

610  j 

1 

20 

630 

| 

15 

645 

Corniferous. 

8 

653  J 

1 

5 

658 

Niagara. 

No.  13 — John  P.  Crockett  farm. 


Clay  

Blue  sand  .... 
Blue  shale  .... 
Blue  sand  .... 
Blue  shale  . . . 

Blue  sand 

Blue  shale  .... 
Blue  sand  .... 
Blue  shale  . . . 
Gray  lime  .... 
Blue  shale  .... 
Gray  lime  .... 
Black  shale  . . 
Blue  shale  .... 
Dark  gas  sand. 
Light  gas  sand 
Light  gas  sand 


3 

3 

5 

8 

7 

15 

3 

18 

7 

25 

10 

35 

60 

95 

11 

106 

254 

360 

2 

362 

53 

415 

5 

420 

159 

579 

8 

587 

16 

603 

15 

618 

24 

642 

> Waverly. 


- 

t Devonian  Shales. 


Corniferous. 


156 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  14 — James  Neal  farm. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Clay  

9 

Blue  sand  

25 

1 

Blue  shale 

30 

1 

Blue  sand  

25 

55 

Blue  shale  . 

100 

Blue  sand  

8 

108 

Blue  shale 

200 

Blue  sand  

20 

220 

Blue  shale 

240 

Blue  sand  

288 

Blue  shale 

22 

310 

Blue  sand  

20 

330 

Blue  shale 

78 

408 

J 

Gray  lime  

12 

420 

Black  shale  

139 

559 

) 

Blue  shale 

6 

565 

\ 

Dark  gas  sand 

19 

584 

] 

Light  gas  sand 

12 

596 

l 

Blue  gas  sand 

601 

J 

POWELL  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Hardwick’s  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Soil  

15 

Black  shale  

100 

115 

Blue  shale  

100 

215 

Gray  lime 

190 

405 

No.  2 — Susan  Hanks  farm. 

Clay  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  

Hard,  gray  lime 

Soapstone  

Hard,  gray  lime  (oil  show) 

Soapstone  . . * 

Gray  lime  (salt  water) . . . . 

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Blue  lime  

Gray  lime  


No.  3 — J.  R.  Ewen  farm. 

Clay  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime 

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  

Black  lime  


4 4 

126  130 

13  14S 

33  176  -1 

4 180  L 

15  195  J 

3 198  ' 

12  210 

15  225 

10  235  - 

20  255 

53  308 

5 313  «, 


22 

22 

134 

156 

10 

166 

54 

220 

3 

223 

10 

233 

320 

553 

Geological  Formation. 


Waverly. 

Devonian  Shales. 
Corniferous. 


Geological  Formation. 

Devonian. 

Niagara. 

Devonian. 

Corniferous. 

Niagara. 

Clinton  and  Hudson. 


Devonian. 

Corniferous. 

Niagara. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


157 


No.  4 — O.  A.  Lisle  farm. 

Clay  

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  ..." 

Blue  shale  

Blue  lime 

No.  5 — A.  M.  Swango  farm. 

Clay  

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  

Black  shale  

Gray  lime  

Light  soapstone  

Gray  lime  . . 

Light  soapstone  

Blue  lime  

Brown  lime  

Li’ght  brown  lime 

Brown  lime  


No.  6 — Maxwell  Bros’,  farm. 

Clay  

Black  shale 

Gray  lime  

Soapstone  

Gray  lime  (oil  show) 

Blue  shale 

Gray  lime  (oil  show) . . . 

Blue  lime 

Gray  lime  (oil  show) .... 

Blue  lime  

Gray  lime  

No.  7 — J.  P.  Martin,  No.  2. 

Clay  

Blue  soapstone  

Pink  soapstone  

Blue  soapstone  

Black  shale  

Blue  soapstone  

Brown  lime  (gas  show) . 

Blue  soapstone  

Blue  lime  

Blue  soapstone 

Blue  lime  

Blue  soapstone  

Blue  lime  

Gray  lime  

Blue  lime  


Thickness.  Depth. 


15 

15 

2 

17 

15 

32 

135 

167 

10 

177 

50 

227 

2 

229 

11 

240 

75 

315 

522 

837 

11 

11 

10 

21 

3 

24 

163 

187 

10 

197 

43 

240 

3 

243 

10 

253 

997 

1,250 

225 

1,475 

5 

1,480 

21 

1,501 

18 

18 

160 

178 

5 

183 

107 

290 

5 

295 

30 

325 

10 

335 

85 

420 

2 

422 

318 

740 

62 

802' 

3 

3 

170 

173 

8 

181 

14 

195 

129 

324 

30 

354 

20 

374 

113 

487 

10 

497 

23 

520 

30 

550 

15 

565 

160 

725 

20 

745 

73 

818 

Geological  Formation. 


Waverly. 

Devonian. 

Corniferous. 

Niagara. 


Waverly. 

Devonian. 

Corniferous. 

Niagara. 

j-  Clinton. 

Hudson  and  Upper 
*n  Trenton. 

L Probably  Birdseye  and 
I Chazy. 


Devonian. 

Corniferous. 

Niagara. 


j>  Waverly. 

| Devonian  Shales. 
Corniferous. 
Niagara. 


158 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


ESTILL  COUNTY  WELLS. 


Tom  West  farm — Miller’s  Station. 


Thickness. 


Clay  28 

Blue  soapstone  7 

Black  shale  58 

Brown  shale  51 

White  fire-clay  2 

Brown  sand  4 

Light  gray  stone 2 

White  stone  86 

Blue  soapstone  49 

Pink  slate  46 

Blue  shale  40 

Hard,  gray  shell 4 

Blue  shale  8 

Pink  slate  18 

Hard,  brown  shell 4 

Blue  shale  8 

Lime  shell  2 

Blue  shale 8 

Blue  lime  3 

Blue  shale 2 

Red  rock  4 

Blue  lime  4 

Blue  shale  5 

Blue  lime  2 

Blue  shale  2 

Blue  lime 18 

Gray  stone  18 

Blue  shale  12 

Blue  lime 45 

Blue  shale  6 

Blue  lime  59 


Depth.  Geological  Formatiion. 

28  ) 

* 35  j-  Waverly. 

93 
144 
146 
150 
152 
238 
287 
333 
373 
377 
385 
403 
407 
415 
417 
425 
4i28 
430 
434 
438 
443 
445 
447 
465 
483 
495 
540 
546 
605 


j"  Devonian  Shales. 


Wells  on  West  farm,  near  Irvine. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Clay 

21 

19 

8 

%2 

32 

48 

Black 

shale  (Devonian) 

43 

45 

632 

52 

13 

12 

Estill 

sand  (Corniferous)  

30 

12 

15 

13 

16 

15 

94 

76 

862 

87 

61 

75 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


159 


No. 


No. 


MORGAN  COUNTY  WELL. 


1 — Bums  Well — West  Liberty. 

Clay 

Gray  sand  

Coal  t . . . . 

Fire-clay  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Blue  lime  

White  slate  

Big  lime 

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  (Berea) 

White  shale 

W'hite  sand  (Berea  Grit) 

Black  shale  

Blue  shale 

Sandy  lime  (1st  pay) 

Sand  and  slate 

Black  slate  

Dark  sand  (2d  pay) 

Hard  lime  


1 — Catherine  Gregory  farm. 

Gravel  

Blue  mud  

White  lime  

White  sand  

Blue  shale  

White  slate 

White  sand  

White  lime  

Blue  slate  

Black  shale  

White  slate  

Black  shale  

White  slate  

“Ragland  sand”  

White  lime  

White  sand  

White  lime 

White  sand  

Red  rock  


mess. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

18 

18 

68 

86 

2 

88 

10 

98 

230 

328 

40 

368 

Base  of  Conglomerate. 

6 

374  " 

40 

414 

*■  St.  Louis. 

60 

474  ^ 

14 

488  " 

532 

1,020 

25 

1,045 

- Waverly. 

50 

1,095 

10 

1,105  - 

260 

1,365 

Devonian. 

43 

1,4:08 

Niagara. 

30 

1,438 

Clinton. 

15 

1,453 

9 

1,462 

40 

1,502 

6 

1,508 

n lower  part. 

Y WELLS. 

10 

10 

15 

25 

Fire-clay. 

20 

45 

S't.  Louis. 

125 

160 

1 

320 

48C 

180 

660 

1 

108 

768 

r Waverly. 

60 

828 

30 

858  J 

1 

260 

1,118 

12 

1,130  i 

1 

r"  Devonian  Shales. 

40 

1,170  ! 

90 

1,260  J 

Upper  Silurian  and 

70 

1,330 

Hudson. 

110 

1,440 

(A  few  feet  of  the  70- 

10 

1,450 

foot  limestone  below 

40 

1,490 

1,260  are  probably 

60 

1,550 

Corniferous,  and  the 

49 

1,599 

rest  Niagara  and  Hel- 

derburg.) 


160 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  2 — Strait  Creek  Coal  Co. — Near  Denton. 


Soil  

20 

White,  sandy  s'hale 

60 

80 

White  slate 

20 

100 

Brown  sand  

58 

158 

Coal  

2 

160 

White  lime  and  sand 

110 

270 

Shale  and  fire-clay 

46 

316 

Lime  

346 

White  slate  

10 

356 

White  lime  

9 

365 

Coal  

White  sand  

60 

425 

Black  slate  

10 

435 

J 

White  lime  

15 

4150 

White  sand  

510 

White  slate  

14 

524 

White  sand  

570 

Limestone  

109 

679 

White  shale  

443 

1,122 

White  lime  

1,247 

White  slate  

28 

1,275 

> 

Brown  shale  

447 

1,722 

Lime  and  fire-clay 

40 

1,762 

White  slate  

68 

1,830 

White  lime  

80 

1,910 

White  slate  

10 

1,920 

White  lime  

95 

2,015 

Geological  Formation. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


St.  Louis. 


Waverly. 


Devonian  Shale. 


No.  3 — Denton. 


Soil  

5 

5 - 

Quicksand  

70 

Blue  lime  

80 

150 

Shale  

50 

200 

» Coal  Measures  ana 

White  sand  

50 

250 

Conglomerate. 

Shale  

300 

Sand  

500  _ 

St.  Louis  limestone 

90 

590 

St.  Louis. 

Waverly  

390 

980  ^ 

1 

Berea  shale  

90 

1,070 

>-  Waverly. 

Berea  sand  

100 

1,170 

1 

Black  shale  

500 

1,670  1 

- Devonian  Shales. 

Niagara  blue  shale 

100 

1,770  j 

Clinton  (oil)  

• 

70 

1,840 

Corniferous  and  Up 
per  Silurian. 

The  100  feet  of  “Niagara 

blue  shale”  of 

the  driller  probably  belongs 

the  Devonian.  His  70  feet  of  “Clinton”  probably  includes  Corniferous,  Niagara 
and  Helderburg,  the  oil  coming  from  the  Corniferous. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


161 


No.  4 — Keffer  farm — Stinson  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Drift  

47 

Shale  and  sand.... 

128 

175 

Big  Injun  . . 

125 

300 

S’and  

20 

320 

Shale  break 

46 

366 

Bastard  lime 

300 

666 

Sand  

200 

866 

Black  shale 

876 

Berea  Shale. 

Gordon  sand 

(oil) . . . 

116 

992 

Berea  Grit. 

Black  shale 

80 

1,072 

White  shale 

210 

1,282 

}>-  Devonian  Shales. 
1 
1 

Black  shale  . 

30 

1,312 

Brown  shale 

218 

1,530 

J 

Clinton  sand 

(oil) . . 

33 

1,566 

Corniferous  and  Up- 
per Silurian  lime- 
stones. 

(The  geological  divisions  made  by  the  driller  are  not  correct.) 


FLOYD  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — T.  G.  Allen  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Soil  24  24 

Slate  92  116 

Sand  10  126 

Slate  6 132 

Sand  10  14i2 

Slate  35  177 

Sand  15  192 

Slate  23  215 

Sand  10  22S 

Slate  5 230 

Sand  46  276 

Slate  11  287 

Sand  28  315 

Slate  54  369 

S'and  (black)  12  381 

Slate  129  510 

Sand  (white)  15  525 

Slate  (black)  5 530 

Sand,  white  (salt  water) 215  745 

Coal  4 749 

Slate  (black)  3 752 

Sand  (gray)  21  773 

Slate  9 782 

Sand  (white)  95  87f 

Slate  (black)  20  897 

Sand  (white)  30  927 

S’and  (black)  20  947 

Slate  98  1,045 

Sand  (white)  10  1,055 

Slate  (white  15  1,070 

Sand  30  1,100 

Slate  75  1,175 

Sand  (oil  show) 32  1,207 


Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures 
and  Conglomerate. 


J-  Reaver  Sand  (?) 


Horton  Sand  (?) 


Pike  Sand  (?) 


Salt  Sand. 


162 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  2 — Nathan  Estep  farm. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Conductor  35  35 

White  sand  15  50 

Black  slate  40  90 

Dark  sand  6 96 

Black  slate  86  182 

Black  sand  30  212 

Black  slate  10  222 

Gray  sand  25  247 

Black  slate  85  332 

Sand  30  362 

Slate  60  422 

White  sand  275  697 

Slate  35  732 

Sand  3 735 

Slate  10  745 

Hard  sand  150  895 

Slate  20  915 

Sand  61  976 

Slate  86  1,062 

Hard,  white  sand  (oil  show) 55  1,117 


No.  3 — W.  N.  Martin  farm. 


Soil  

Dark  sand  

Coal  

White  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Dark  sand  

White  slate 

White  sand  (gas) 

Dark  slate  

Slate  and  shale 

White  sand  (gas) 

Black  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

White  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

Black  slate  

Black  sand  

Slate  and  shale 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Black  slate  

Black  sand  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

White  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  (oil) 


38 

38 

12 

50 

4 

54 

43 

97 

13 

110 

76 

186 

38 

224 

10 

234 

20 

254 

56 

310 

4 

3T4 

22 

336 

76 

412 

20 

432 

13 

445 

218 

663 

5 

668 

5 

673 

40 

713 

32 

745 

80 

825 

5 

830' 

25 

855  | 

30 

885  l 

11 

896  { 

8 

904  1 

16 

920  J 

106 

1,026 

57 

1,083 

Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand  (?) 

Horton  Sand  (?) 
Pike  Sand  ( ?) 
Salt  S’and  (?) 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand  (?) 
(Broken). 


Salt  Sand  (?) 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


163 


No.  4 — Adam  Martin  farm. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Conductor  51  51 

White  slate  25  76 

Black  sand  69  145 

Gray  sand  25  190 

Slate  25  215 

Dark  sand  15  230 

Red  rock  28  258 

Black  slate  5 263 

Gray  sand  193  456 

White  sand  (salt  water) 384  840 

Black  slate  10  850 

White  sand  10  860 

Dark  sand  10  870 

White  sand  5 875 

White  slate 15  890 

Sand  10  900 

Slate  30  930 

Sand  20  950 

White  slate 35  985 

White  sand  91  1,076 

Gray  sand  Ill  1,187 

Black  slate  12  1,199 

Lime  (gas  at  1,350) 211  1,410 

Red  sand  90  1,500 

Gray  sand  10  1,510 

Brown  shale  (gas) 20  1,530 

White  slate  955  2,485 

Hard  lime  16  2,501 


No.  5— Mud  Iiick  of  Brush  Creek  of  Beaver  Creek. 


Soil  24  24 

Broken  sand  51  75 

Slate  and  lime 69  144i 

Slate  131  275 

White  sand  50  325 

Slate  75  400 

White  sand  80  480 

Slate  45  525 

White  sand  175  700 

Slate  5 705 

White  sand  30  735 

Slate  13  748 

White  sand  8 756 

Slate  34  790 

Lime  7 797 

Coal  2 799 

White  sand  92  891 

Slate  2 893 

White  sand  34  927 

Lime  10  937 

Slate  83  1,020 

Beaver  sand  (gas  and  oil) 45  1,065 

Slate  10  1,075 

Pike  sand 40  1,115 


Geological  Formation. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  0 to 
1,199. 


Beaver  and  Hortori 
together  (?) 


Base  of  Conglomerate 
Series. 

St.  Louis. 

Big  Injun. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


164 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  6 — Guffey  well,  near  mouth  of  Salt  Lick  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Drift  

45 

45 

Black  slate  

5 

50 

Coal  

2 

52 

Gray  sand  

38 

90 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Black  slate  

69 

159 

Conglomerate. 

Gray  sand  

104 

263 

Light  slate  

41 

304 

Gray  sand  

27 

331 

Light  slate  

122 

453 

Gray  sand  

30 

483 

Dark  slate  

21 

504 

White  sand  

174 

678 

Beaver  Sand. 

Coal  and  lime  shell 

2 

680 

Slate  

34 

714 

White  sand  

22 

736  " 

| 

Sandy  slate  

15 

751 

r Horton  Sand. 

White  sand  . . 

79 

830  - 

1 

Coal  

1 

831 

Gray  sand  

18 

849 

Black  slate  

3 

852 

Black  sand  

29 

881 

Black  slate  

80 

961 

White  sand  (gas) 

39 

1,000 

Pike  Sand. 

No.  7 — Cow  Creek — One  mile  above  mouth. 


Drift  

Sand  and  slate 

Slate,  some  sand 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Coal  

Slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

Slate  and  sand  shells. . . . 

Slate  

White  sand  (salt  water) 


40 

160 

300 

245 

5 

110 

25 

20 

10 

27 


40 

200 

500 

745 

750 

860 

885 

905 

915 

942 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

Beaver  Sand. 

Horton  Sand. 

Pike  Sand. 


No.  8 — Osborn  well — Right  Beaver,  one  and  one-half  miles  below  Brush  Creek. 


Drift  

Sand  and  slate 

White  sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Shelly  slate  

C .Gas  at  882. 

Sand ■<  Oil  at  896  to  901. 

I Oil  at  911. 


19 

19 

256 

275 

30 

305 

130 

435 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

293 

728 

Conglomerate. 

152 

880 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


165 


No.  9 — Geo.  Allen  farm — Granny  Hale  branch  of  Rig-lit  Beaver. 


Drift  

Gray  sand  

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Sandy  slate 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  (gas)  

White  sand  (salt  water) . 

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Bight  sand  (gas  and  oil) 

Dark  slate  

White  sand  (oil  show) . . . 

Black  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 


Thickness.  Depth. 

18  18 

42  60 

22  62 

80  142 

81  223 

32  226 

31  257 

81  338 

69  407 

30  437 

14.  451 

36  487 

10  497 

6 503 

39  542 

50  592 

41  633 

14  647 

170  817 

63  880 

239  1,119 

65  1,184 

6 1.190 

12  1,202 

60  1,262 

39  1,301 

5 1,306 

68  1,374 

40  1,414 

28  1,442 


Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  and  Horton 
together  (?). 


Pike  Sand  (?). 


Salt  Sand  (?). 


No.  10 — Janies  Prater  farm — Head  of  Prater  Pork  of  Brush  Creek. 


Drift  

11 

11 

Slate  

37 

Sand  

6 

43 

Slate  

49 

92 

S'and  

6 

98 

Slate  

33 

131 

Sand  

41 

172 

Slate  

34 

206 

Sand  

20 

226 

Slate  

54 

280 

Sand  

71 

351 

Slate  

381 

Sand  

10 

391 

Slate  

451 

Sand  

458 

Slate  

12 

470 

Sand  

481 

Slate  

52T 

Sand  

4 

525 

Slate  

536 

Sand  

17 

553 

Slate  

15 

568 

White  sand  

746 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  (?). 


166 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Coal  

Sand  . 

Coal  

Sand  

Slate  

Coal  

Gray  sand  

White  sand  

Coal  

Very  dark  sand. . . 
Very  dark  slate.. 
Very  dark  sand.  . 

Black  slate  

Yellow  slate 

White  sand  (gas) 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


1 

747 

27 

774 

32 

777 

17 

794 

12 

806 

22 

808 

13 

821  ) 

53 

874  f 

Horton  (?) 

22 

876 

7 

883 

3 

886 

6 

892 

22' 

914 

6 

920 

37 

957 

Pike  (?). 

No.  11 — Head  of  Prater  Pork  of  Brush  Creek. 


Drift  46  46 

Light  slate  35  81 

Gray  sand  10  51 

Light  slate  42  133 

Gray  sand  30  163 

Light  slate  8 171 

Gray  sand  62  233 

Light  slate  30  263 

Gray  sand  14  277 

Light  slate  76  353 

Gray  sand  20  373 

Dark  slate 34  407 

Gray  sand  9 416 

Light  slate  27  443 

Gray  sand  55  498 

Light  slate  99  557 

Gray  sand  6 603 

Slate  4’  607 

White  sand  145  752 

Coal  1 753 

Light  gray  sand 65  818 

Coal  1 819 

Light  gray  sand 109  928 

Slate  2 930 

Very  dark  sand 10  940 

Black  slate  6 946 

Gray  and  white  sands  (gas,  oil 

and  salt  water) 150  1,096 

Black  slate  35  1,131 

Sand  5 1,136 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  and  Horton 
Sands. 


Pike  S'and. 
Salt  Sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


167 


No.  12 — Esther  Horton  farm — Bock  Creek,  one  and  three-quarter  miles  above 
mouth. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Drift  

S’late  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Shelly  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

Slate  

White  sand  

Gray  sand  

Black  sand 

Coal  

Black  slate  

Coal  

Black  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

Dark  sand  

W'hite  sand  

Black  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  (gas  and  oil  show) 

Black  slate  

White  sand  (oil) 


20 

20 

24 

44 

19 

63 

57 

120 

20 

140 

55 

195 

12 

207 

23 

230 

20 

250 

200 

450 

145 

595 

2 

597 

83 

680  "I 

5 

685  y 

4 

689  J 

l2 

690 

28 

718 

22 

720 

6 

726 

10 

736  "| 

23 

759  I 

69 

828  r 

7 

835  J 

12 

847 

11 

858 

6 

864 

23 

887 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  S'and. 


Horton  Sand, 


Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 


No.  13 — Green  Pitts  farm — Head  of  Pitts’  Pork  of  Middle  Creek. 


Drift  

22 

22 

Slate  

80 

102 

Sand  

30 

132 

Black  slate  

37 

169 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

£>and  

38 

207 

Conglomerate. 

Slate  

5 

212 

Sand  

37 

249 

Shelly  slate  

48 

297 

Sand  

26 

323 

Slate  

77 

400 

White  sand  

64 

464 

Slate  

189 

653 

White  sand  

118 

771 

Beaver  Sand. 

Slate  

3 

774 

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . 

221 

995 

Horton  Sand. 

Vehy  dark  sand 

5 

1,000 

White  sand  

156 

1,156 

Pike  Sand, 

Dark  gray  sand  (gas) 

10 

1,166 

Slate  

18 

1.184 

White  sand  

46 

1,230 

Salt  Sand. 

168 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  14 — David  Hays  farm — Right  Beaver. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  31  31 

Sand  15  46 

Slate  22  68 

Sand  12  80 

Slate  75  155 

Sand  36  191 

Slate  9 200 

Sand  30  230 

Slate  206  436 

Sand  154  590 

Slate  5 595 

Sand  85  680 

Slate  4 684 

Sand  (salt  water) 301  985 

Slate  5 990 

Shelly  sand  50  1,040 

Slate  64  1,104 

White  sand  15  1,119 

Gray  sand  (oil  show  and  salt 

water)  29  1,148 

Slate  3 1,151 

Gray  sand  (salt  water)  26  1,177 


Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 


No.  15 — Jos.  Gearhart  farm — Salt  Lick  Creek,  one  and  one-quarter  miles  up. 


Conductor  27  27  ' 

Gray  sand  37  64 

Coal  1 65 

Black  slate  15  80 

White  sand  70  150 

Black  slate  50  200 

Gray  sand  50  250 

Dark  lime  10  260 

Gray  sand  (gas) 50  310 

Slate  (gas)  163  473 

Gray  sand  47  520 

Light  slate  38  558 

White  sand  156  714 

Sandy  lime  5 719 

Gray  sand  126  845 

Black  shale  1 846 

Dark  lime  5 851 

Sand  54  905 

Shelly  slate  5 910 

Sand  (gas)  18  928 

Very  black  slate 52  980 

Sand  (gas,  oil  and  salt  water)...  178  1,158  ) 

Black  lime 5 1,163  'j 

Blue  slate  2 1,165  i 

Red  shale  5 1,170  f 

Dark  lime  2 1,172  J 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Base  of  Conglomerate. 
Mauch  Chunk. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


169 


No.  16 — Susanna  Gearhart  farm — Right  Beaver,  below  mouth  of  Salt  Lick. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Conductor  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Limy  slate  

Gray  lime  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Lime  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Sand  (oil,  gas  and  salt  water) .... 

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Coal  

Gray  lime  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

Slate  and  sand  shells 

Reddish  sand  

Dark  slate  

v White  sand  (salt  water) 

Lime  

No.  17 — Geo.  Allen  farm — Right  Beaver, 

Conductor  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  and  sand  shells 

Coal  

Gray  sand  (gas) 

Slate  and  sand  shells 

Sand  (gas  and  salt  water) 

Coal  or  bituminous  shale 

Slaty  lime  

Dark  sand  

Very  black  slate  (gas) 

Sand  (gas,  oil  and  salt  water) .... 
Black  slate  

No.  18 — Mouth  of  Salt  Lick. 

Conductor  

Slate  and  coal 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Light  slate  

Dark  sand  

Light  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . 


38 

38 

3 

41 

15 

56 

19 

75 

8 

83 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

22 

105 

Conglomerate,  except 

15 

120 

last  member. 

10 

130 

45 

175 

100 

275 

1U 

469 

123 

592 

Beaver  Sand. 

12 

604 

191 

795 

Horton  Sand. 

1 

796 

12 

808 

40 

848 

55 

903 

90 

993 

Pike  Sand. 

20 

1,013 

40 

1,053 

2 

1,055 

45 

1,100 

Salt  Sand. 

2 y2 

1,1022 

Top  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

five-eighths  of 

a mile  above  Salt  Lick. 

46 

46 

14 

60 

18 

78 

90 

168 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

2 

170 

Conglomerate. 

97 

267 

126 

393 

412 

805 

Beaver  and  Horton 

1 

806 

together  (?). 

4 

810 

17 

827 

47 

874 

120 

994 

Pike  S’and. 

6 

1,000 

50 

50 

5 

55 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

40 

95 

Conglomerate. 

60 

155 

41 

196 

61 

257 

11 

268 

156 

424 

61 

485 

15 

500 

156 

656 

Beaver  Sand. 

170 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Very  black  slate 2 658 

Light  sand  5 663 

Black  slate  22  685 

Light  sand 102  787 

Coal  1 788 

Dark,  slaty  sand 61  84<9 

Black  slate  62  911 

White  sand  (oil) 54  965 

No.  19 — John  Martin  farm — East  of  mouth  of  Salt  Eick. 

Conductor  222  222 

Gray  sand  172  40 

Light  slate  60  100 

Black  slate  6 106 

Light  slate  94  200 

Gray  sand  30  230 

Slate  238  468 

Gray  sand  65  533 

Black  slate  8 541 

Dark  sand  10  551 

Light  sand  112  663 

Dark  slate  5 668 

Gray  sand  13  681 

Dark  slate  49  730 

Light  sand  100  830 

Gray  sand  20  850 

Dark  slate  7 857 

Gray  sand  20  877 

Dark  slate  30  907 

White  sand  20  927 

Dark  slate  and  shells 24  951 

Gray  and  white  sands  (oil) 16  967 

Black,  sandy  slate 9 976 

Light  sand  9 985 

Shelly  slate 15  1,000 

Black  slate  and  red  shale 13  1,013 

Gray  sand  (gas) 12  1,025 

Black  slate  40  1,065 

Gray  sand  (gas) 18  1,083 

Black  slate  8 1,091 

Gray,  white  and  pebbly  sands  (gas 

and  salt  water) 51  1,142 

No.  20 — John  Martin,  No.  3. 

Soil  21  21 

Sand  19  40 

Coal  3 43 

White  slate 57  100 

Coal  5 105 

Sand  30  135 

Slate  60  195 

Sand  15  210 

Slate  95  305 

White  sand  85  390 

Slate  204  594 


Geological  Formation. 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


| Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  Meas- 
ures. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


171 


* 

Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Sand  

246 

840 

Beaver  Sand. 

Black  shale  

850 

Sand  

1,040 

Horton  Sand. 

Slate  

15 

1,055 

Sand  

60 

1,115 

Pike  Sand. 

Slate  

1,135 

Shale  

1,215 

Sand  

52 

1,267 

Salt  Sand. 

Oil  show  at  1,216.  Salt  water  at  1,265. 


No.  21 — Jas.  Prater  farm — Head  of  Prater  Pork  of  Brush  Creek. 


Drift  46 

Gray  sand  20 

Light  slate  46 

Gray  sand  41 

Light  slate  87 

Gray  sand  30 

Coal  I2 

Light  slate  299 

Light  gray  sand  (gas) 190 

Slate  4 

Sand  61 

Coal  32 

Sand  30 

Coal  22 

Sand  26 

Coal  I2 

Slate  6 

Sandy  slate  22 

Yellow  slate  6 

Red  shale  10 

Gray  sand  ( Gas,  oil  and  salt  99g 

White  sand  \ water.  j 


46 

66 

112 

153 

240 

270 

271 
570 
760 
764 
825 
828 
858 
860 
886 
887 
893 
915 
921 
931 

1,159 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 
Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand  thickened, 
or  else  Pike  and  Salt 
Sands  run  together. 


No.  22 — Mary  Estep  farm — Bight  Beaver. 

Drift  

Slate  

Sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

White  sand 

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Dark  gray  sand 

Dark  slate  

White  sand  (oil) 

Slate  and  shells 

White  sand  (gas) 

Dark  slate  

White  sand  (oil) 


37 

37 

123 

160 

102 

262 

173 

435 

10 

445 

236 

681 

22 

683 

8 

691 

25 

716 

149 

865 

10 

875 

45 

920 

44 

964 

19 

983 

43 

1,026 

IS 

1.044 

26 

1,070 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

j-  Beaver  Sand. 


j-  Horton  Sand. 

^j>  Pike  with  a break  in  ft. 
Salt  Sand. 


The  Coal  Measures  probably  extend  down  to  160. 

The  sands  number  five  instead  of  four,  the  Pike  Sand  being  probably  split 
by  a bed  of  slate. 


172 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  23— T.  G.  Allen,  No.  6. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Soil  42  42 

Slate  7 49 

Sand  50  99 

Slate  83  182 

Sand  68  250 

Slate  90  340 

Sand  20  360 

Slate  100  460 

Sand  178  638 

Slate  5 643 

Sand  183  826 

Coal  2 828 

White  sand  20  848 

Slate  5 853 

Black  sand  25  878 

White  sand  30  908 

Slate  46  954 

White  sand  12  966 

Black  sand  10  976 

White  sand  (salt  water) 10  986 

Black  sand  15  1,001 

White  sand  5 1,006 

Black  sand  10  1,016 

White  sand  20  1,036 

Slate  5 1,041 

Sand  10  1,051 

White  slate 25  1,076 

White  shale  15  1,091 

Sand  (oil  show  at  1,092) 19  1,110 

Slate  6 1,116 

Sand  32  1,148 

Slate  32  1,180 

Lime  210  1,390 

Slat*  50  1,440 

Red  sand  47  1,487 


Geological  Formation 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  to  1,180. 


Beaver  Sand. 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 

St.  Louis. 
Big  Injun. 


No.  24— W.  M.  Martin,  No.  2. 


Soil  

40 

Black  slate  

40 

80 

Gray  »and  

40 

120 

Coal  

5 

125 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  

. . . ' 20 

145 

Conglomerate. 

Black  slate  

40 

185 

Red  sand  

40 

225 

Gray  sand  

95 

320 

Black  slate  

55 

375 

Dark  sand  

20 

395 

White  slate 

70 

465 

White  sand  

20 

485 

Black  slate  

500 

Salt  sand  

212 

712 

Beaver  Sand. 

Black  slate  

33 

745 

Salt  sand  (salt  water  at  765) . . 

116 

861 

Horton  Sand. 

Black  slate  

7 

868 

Dark  sand  

905 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


173 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

Black  slate  5 910 

Gray  sand  35  945 

White  slate 10  955 

White  sand  19  974  Pike  (broken). 

Black  slate  51  1,025 

Gray  sand  60  1,085 

Black  slate  15  1,100 

White  sand  71  1,171  Salt  Sand. 


No.  25 — John  Burchett  farm — Cow  Creek,  three  miles  above  mouth. 


Conductor 

Slate 

Coal 


22 

48 

33 


22 

70 

73 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Slate  

77 

150 

Sand  

30 

180 

Slate  

45 

225 

Sand  

30 

255 

Slate  

50 

305 

Sand  

310 

Slate  

115 

425 

Sand  

40 

465 

Slate  

78 

543 

White  and  gray  sands 

287 

830 

Beaver  Sand. 

Slate,  very  black  at  base 

27 

857 

Gray  and  white  sands 

61 

918 

Horton  Sand. 

Shelly  slate  

20 

938 

Slate  

42 

980 

White  sand  

23 

1,003 

Pike  Sand. 

No.  26— -G.  T.  Kendrick  farm — Head  of  Cow  Creek. 


Conductor  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Coal  

Sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  and  white  sands 

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Coal  

White  sand  

Dark  gray  sand 

Black  slate  


33 

33 

30 

63 

9 

72 

75 

147 

32 

179 

60 

239 

42 

281 

19 

300 

20 

320 

20 

340 

37 

377 

20 

397 

30 

427 

20 

447 

32 

479 

171 

650 

22 

652 

10 

662 

5 

667 

53 

720 

12 

732 

108 

840 

1 

841 

55 

896 

10 

906 

10 

916 

Beaver  Sand. 

Horton  Sand  (broken). 


174 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation, 

Gray  and  white  sands 

107 

1,023 

Pike  Sand. 

Dark  slate 

40 

1,063 

Gray  and  white  sands 

65 

1,128 

Salt  Sand. 

Dark  slate  

5 

1,133 

Dark  gray  sand 

10 

1,143 

Base  of  Conglomerate. 

Slate  and  red  shale 

120 

1,263  ' 

Gray  sand  

8 

1,271 

Limy  slate  

62 

1,333 

Sand  and  lime  

40 

1,373 

- Mauch  Chunk  (?). 

Dark  slate 

10 

1,383 

Sand  and  slate 

10 

1,393 

Dark  slate 

17 

1,410  J 

No.  27 — Jack  Allen  farm — Salt  Lick  Creek, 

near  mouth. 

Drift  

43 

43 

Black  slate  

48 

91 

Gray  sand  

27 

118 

Light  slate  

53 

171 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Light  sand  

47 

218 

Conglomerate. 

Dark  slate  

5 

223 

Dark  sand  

35 

258 

Dark  slate  

60 

318 

Gray  sand  

23 

341 

Light  slate  

40 

381 

Light  sand  

15 

396 

Dark  slate  

42 

438 

White  sand  (pebbles,  gas  and  salt 

water)  

232 

670 

Beaver  Sand. 

Dark  slate 

24 

694 

White  sand  

145 

839 

Horton  Sand. 

Black  sand  

20 

859 

Shelly  slate  

20 

879 

Black  slate  

50 

929 

White  sand  (gas) 

77 

1,006 

Pike  Sand. 

Slate  

8 

1,014 

No.  28 — Jos.  Gray  farm — Left  Pork  of  Bull 

Creek 

, four  miles  up. 

Drift  

* 8 

8 

Gray  sand  

37 

45 

Light  slate  

95 

140 

Gray  sand  

38 

178 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Shelly  slate  

77 

255 

Conglomerate. 

Gray  sand  

105 

360 

Dark  slate  

91 

451 

Gray  sand  

20 

471 

Dark  slate  

30 

501 

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . 

194 

695 

Beaver  Shnd, 

Dark  slate  

13 

708 

Coal  

22 

710 

White  sand  

74 

784 

Horton  Sand. 

Coal  

1 

785 

Gray  sand  

35 

820 

White  sand  

6 

826  ") 

Gray  sand  

2 

828  i 

» Pike  Sand. 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

72 

900  J 

Deep-red  shale  

35 

935 

Gray  sand  

7 

942 

Bed  shale  

20 

962 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

68 

1,030 

Salt  Sand. 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


175 


No.  29-^Allen  Transfer  well — Mouth  of  Pitts’  Pork. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  32  32 

Light  slate  5 37 

Very  dark  sand 8 45 

Very  dark  slate 5 50 

Coal  22  52 

Dark  slate 20  72 

Gray  sand  55  127 

Dark  slate  30  157 

Gray  sand  20  177 

Dark  slate  65  242 

Gray  sand  50  292 

Black  slate  5 297 

Gray  sand  . . . . 20  317 

Black  slate  63  380 

Gray  sand  15  395 

Black  slate  95  490 

White  sand  (oil  and  salt  water) . . 262  752 

Gray  sand  20  772 

Dark  slate 2 774 

White  sand  30  804 

Coal  32  807 

Gray  sand  11  818 

Dark  slate  22  840 

White  sand  (gas,  oil  and  salt 

water)  233  1,073 

Black  slate  15  1,088 


Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


} 


Beaver  S’and. 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  and  Salt  Sands. 


No.  30 — A.  S.  Crisp  farm — Buck’s  Branch,  one  and  one-third  miles  up. 


Drift  

15 

15 

Gray  sahd  

12 

27 

Light  slate  

25 

52 

Coal  

32 

55 

Gray  sand  

8 

63 

Light  slate  

18 

81 

Gray  sand  

14 

95 

Light  slate  

20 

115 

Gray  sand  

12 

127 

Slate  

20 

147 

Coal  

42 

151 

Gray  sand  

24 

175 

Black  slate  

75 

250 

Gray  sand  

58 

308 

Black  slate  

42 

350 

White  sand  

18 

368 

Black  slate  

38 

406 

Gray  sand  

22 

428 

Black  slate  

30 

458 

Dark  gray  sand 

12 

470 

Black  slate  

37 

507 

Gray  sand  (salt  water) 

129 

636 

Black  slate  

6 

642 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

30 

672 

Light  slate  

12 

684 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

41 

725 

Black  slate  

28 

753 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

47 

800 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 


- Horton  Sand  (broken). 


176 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Black  slate  

5 

805 

Gray  sand  

20 

825 

Black  slate  

16 

841 

Yellow  slate,  lime  and  grit 

26 

867 

Gray  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . 

38 

905 

Pike  Sand. 

Very  red  shale 

18 

923 

Blue  slate  

7 

930 

Very  red  shale 

40 

970 

Black  slate  

4)0 

1,010 

Gray  sand  

12 

1,022 

Light  slate  

19 

1,041 

Dark  grajr  sand 

4' 

1,045 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

5 

1,050  3 

j.  Salt  Sand. 

Gray  sand  (oil) 

11 

1,061  J 

No.  31 — Janies  Hicks  farm — Head  of  Brush  Creek. 


Drift  18 

Slate  21 

Gray  sand  2 

Slate  15 

Gray  sand  18 

Slate  26 

Gray  sand  10 

Slate  25 

Gray  sand  112 

Slate  153 

Gray  sand  12 

Slate  38 

Gray  sand  25 

Sandy  slate 73 

Gray  sand  27 

White  sand  (gas) 55 

Dark  slate  5 

White  sand  (gas) 54 

Dark  slate  . . . . 3 

White  sand  (salt  water) 127 

Coal  and  slate 2 

White  sand  83 

Coal  1 

Gray  sand  7 

Dark  slate 38 

White  sand  (gas) 69 

Dark  slate 30 

Gray  and  white  sands  (oil  and  salt 

water)  115 


18 

39 

41 

56  All  Coal  Measures  and 
7 4 Conglomerate. 

100 
110 
135 
247 
400  ^ 

4T2 


450 
475 
548 
575  ' 
630 
635 
689  I 
692  { 
819 
821 

904  J 

905 
912 
950 

1,019 

1,0411 


Beaver  and  Horton 
Sands  (broken).  N 


Pike  Sand. 


1,164  Salt  Sand. 


No.  32 — Marion  Rice  farm — Prater  Pork,  three  and  one-  half  miles  up. 


Drift  

Light  slate 
Dark  slate 
Black  slate 
Dark  slate 

Coal  

Dark  slate 
Gray  sand 
Slate  


23 

23 

18 

n 

20 

61 

25 

ws 

22 

108 

42 

112 

70 

182 

4 

186 

19 

205 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


177 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formatiion 


Dark  sand  

Black  slate  

Light  slate  

Dark  gray  sand 

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Graj7-  sand  

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Gray  sand  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Brown,  sandy  slate 

White  sand  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Lime  

Red  shale  


No.  33 — Jack  Allen  farm — Mott’s  Branch 

Drift  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  . .k 

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  and  white  sands  (gas) 

Coal  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  and  white  sands  (gas  and 

salt  water) 

Lime  


5 £10 

26  236 

8 244 

43  287 

43  330 

58  388 

68  456 

115  571  Beaver  Sand. 

18  589 

12  601  1 

34  635  l „ , _ _ 

97  732  rH0rt0nSand' 

41  773  J 

14  787 

4 791 

48  839  ) 

28  867  ) Sand. 

7 874 

40  914 

78  992 

28  1,020  Base  of  Conglomerate. 

6 1,026  ) ,,  . 

, „ * nAn  > Mauch  Chunk. 

1<  1,043  \ 


of  Salt  I>ick. 


22 

22 

38 

60 

15 

75 

39 

114 

71 

185 

51 

236 

15 

251 

20 

271 

69 

340 

15 

355 

105 

460 

269 

729 

Beaver  Sand. 

l2 

730 

14 

744 

96 

840 

Horton  Sand. 

l2 

841 

29 

870 

) 

6 

876 

> Pike  Sand  (broken) 

10 

886  ^ 

I 

97 

993  ^ 

133 

1,126 

Salt  Sand. 

9 

1,135 

Mauch  Chunk. 

178 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


No.  34 — Geo.  Allen  farm — Right  Beaver,  one-third  mile  above  Salt  Iiick. 


Thickness. 

Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

Drift  

30 

30 

Slate  

12 

42 

Coal  

42 

46 

Slate  

18 

64  , _ 

Gray  sand  

16 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Slate  

23 

103  Conglomerate. 

Gray  sand  

25 

128 

Dark  slate  

25 

153 

Light  sand  

22 

175 

Dark  slate 

6 

181 

Coal  

32 

184 

Dark  slate  

73 

257 

Light  sand  

36 

293 

Slate  

203 

496 

Gray  sand 

194 

690  -'j 

White  sand  

25 

715  L Beaver  S’and. 

Gray  sand  

27 

742  J 

Light  slate  

6 

748 

W'hite  sand  . . . . 

165 

913  Horton  Sand. 

Coal 

l2 

914 

Dark  slate 

5 

919 

Gray  sand  

8 

927 

Dark  slate  

58 

985 

White  and  gray 

sands 

(gas 

and 

oil)  

29 

1,014  Pike  Sand. 

Dark  slate  

4 

1,018 

Gray  sand  

13 

1,031 

Dark  slate 

4 

1,035 

Gray  sand  

10 

1,045 

Slate  and  red  rock 

8 

1,053 

Gray  and  white 

sands 

(gas 

and 

salt  water) . . 

31 

1,084  "j 

Black  slate  

45 

1,129  l-  Salt  Sand  (broken). 

Gray  and  white  sands. . 

50 

1,179  J 

No.  35 — R.  S.  Elliott  farm — Head  of  Big  Mud  Creek. 


Drift  

Slate  

Blue  sand 

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Dark  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  

Dark  slate 

White  sand  (oil  and  salt  water) . . 

Gray  sand  

Slate  


31 

50 

76 

81 

64 

98 

15 

12 

23 

186 

28 

20 

291 

75 

50 

23 

352 

83 

8 


31 

81 

157 

238 

302 

400 

415 

417 

450 

636 

664 

684 

975 

1,050 

1,100 

1,123 

1,475 

1,558 

1,566 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  Sand. 
Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


179 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Red  shale  24  1,590 

Gray  sand  28  1,618 

White  sand  (oil  show) 3 1,621 

Gray  sand  89  1,710 

White  sand  21  1,731 

Black  slate  30  1,761 


Geological  Formation. 


Salt  Sand. 


No.  36 — Jack  Allen  farm — Mouth  of  Salt  Iiick. 


Drift  

Coal  

Gray  sand 

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  . . . . 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  (gas) 
Black  slate  .... 
Gray  sand 
White  sand  . . . 

Gray  sand  

Coal  

Slate  

White  sand  . . . 

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  .... 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  .... 

Gray  sand 

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  


38 

38 

2 

40 

50 

90 

75 

165 

50 

2T5 

15 

230 

18 

248 

32 

280 

30 

310 

120 

430 

60 

490 

8 

498 

32 

530 

45 

575 

93 

668 

1 

669 

34 

703 

98 

801 

1 

802 

4 

806 

15 

821 

29 

850 

69 

919 

41 

960 

19 

979 

19 

998 

2 

1,000 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  S’and  (broken). 


Horton  Sand. 


Pike  Sand  (broken). 


No.  39 — Dan  Howard  farm. 


Drift  

Black  slate  

Coal  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Coal  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  (gas  and  salt  water) . . 

Very  black  slate 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Gray  and  white  sands  (oil) 


12 

12 

185 

197 

32 

200 

27 

227 

93 

320 

32 

323 

97 

420 

441 

464 

85 

549 

31 

580 

72 

652 

416 

1,068 

3 

1,071 

13 

1,084 

60 

1,144 

7 

T.151 

61 

1,212 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Beaver  and  Horton 
Sands. 


Pike  Sand. 


180 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


PIKE  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Well  on  Poor  Farm,  two  miles  from  Fikeville. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Conductor  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

White  sand  . . 

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Shelly  slate  

Gray  sand  

White  sand  

Gray  sand  

Light  slate  

Light  sand  

Sandy  slate  

Gray  sand  

Gray  lime  

Dark  slate 

Red  rock  

White  sand  

Black  slate  

Dark  lime  

Very  black  slate 

White  sand  (gas) 

Red  slate  

White  sand  (salt  water) 


No.  2 — Bowles  farm — Hurricane  Creek, 


52 

52 

8 

60 

Coal  Measures  and 

75 

135 

Conglomerateto  1,307. 

29 

164 

76 

240 

40 

280 

154 

434 

24 

458 

60 

5r8 

289 

807 

Beaver  Sand  (?). 

56 

863 

52 

915 

Horton  Sand  (?) 

5 

920 

15 

132 

935  ) 
1,067  i 

• Pike  Sand  (?). 

7 

1,074 

61 

1,135 

5 

1,140 

12 

1,152 

35 

1,187 

11 

1,198 

8 

1,206 

28 

1,234 

25 

1,259 

20 

1,279 

12 

1,291 

16 

1,307 

Base  of  Conglomerate 

Series  (?). 

12 

1,319  -> 

i 

3 

1,322 

! 

88 

7 

1,410 

1,417 

L Mauch  Chunk. 
1 

15 

1,432 

4 

70 

1,436  J 
1,506 

(St.  Louis  missing). 

1 

36 

21 

1,542  j 
1,563  | 

y Big  Injun  Group, 

i 

27 

1,590  J 

re  miles 

from  Pikeville. 

Drift  

Gray  sand 
Dark  slate 
Gray  sand 
Dark  slate 
Gray  sand 
Dark  slate 
Gray  sand 
Light  slate 
Black  slate 
Gray  sand 


18 

18 

27 

45 

50 

95 

15 

110 

48 

15S 

46 

204 

81 

285 

45 

330 

53 

383 

25 

408 

40 

448 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  to  1,3 1 4 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


181 


Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

Gray  sand  

White  sand  

Dark  sand  (salt  water) . . . 

Light  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand  (gas) 

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  (salt  water) . . . 

White  sand 

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Limy  sand  

Light  slate  

White  sand  

Lime  

Slate  

Red  shale  

Red,  sandy  shale 

Red  shale  and  slate 

Dark  gray  sand 

Limy  sand  

Sand  Cgas  and  salt  water) 

Black  slate  

Lime  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

132 

580 

4'0 

620 

50 

670 

36 

706 

72 

778 

18 

796 

134 

930 

52 

982 

59 

1,041 

12 

1,053 

171 

1,224 

16 

1,240 

30 

1,270 

32 

1,302 

12 

1,314 

18 

1,332 

17 

1,349 

13 

1,362 

16 

1,378 

5 

1,383 

3 

1,386 

14 

1,400 

32 

1,432 

4 

1,436 

36 

1,472 

182 

1,654 

108 

1,762 

2 

1,764 

Geological  Formatiion. 


(Three  Sands  in  Con- 
glomerate at  670,  982 
and  1,053.) 


Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

1 


Chester  Group  (Mauch 
} Chunk). 


J 

} May  be  St.  Louis 
f partly  cut  out. 
Big  Injun. 
Pocono  Slate. 


No.  3 — Cedar  Greek. 


Soil  ’ 41  41 

Light  slate  23  64 

Gray  sand  10  74 

Dark  slate  40  114 

Gray  sand  10  124 

Whitish  slate  96  220 

Coal  42  224 

Dark  slate 176  400 

Gray  sand  25  425 

Black  slate  75  500 

White  sand  285  785 

Dark  slate  72  857 

White  sand  218  1,075 

Black  sand  10  1,085 

White  sand  10  1,095 

Gray  sand  72  1,167 

Shelly  slate 108  1,275 

Red  shale 105  1,380 

White  sand  40  1,420 

Black  slate  5 1,425 

Gray  and  white  sands  (salt  water)  74  1,499 


(Two  Sands  in  Con- 
glomerate— one  at  50( 
and  one  at  857.) 


1 

I*  - 
j 

Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures  in  this. 

"1  Chester  Group  (Mauch 
{ Chunk), 

j (Mountain  Lime  miss- 
J ing.) 

Big  Injun. 


182 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  4 — Henry  Taylor  farm — Brushy  Pork  of  John’s  Creek. 


Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  

Gray  sand  

Slate  

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Coal  

Light  slate  

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate  

White  sand 

Gray  sand  

Dark  slate 

Gray  sand  

Black  slate  

Gray  sand  

Sandy  slate 

Gray  sand  (gas) 

Dark  sand  (salt  water) 

Slate  

White  sand  

Dark  slate 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Dark  slate 

White  sand  (salt  water) 

Sandy  slate  

White  pebbly  sand  (gas  and  salt 

water)  

Lime  

Black  slate  

Red  shale 

Blue  slate  

Lime  

Blue  and  white  sand  (salt  water) . 
Slate  


13 

13 

42 

55 

160 

215 

70 

285 

50 

335 

52 

340 

7 

347 

38 

385 

113 

498 

48 

546 

21 

567 

65 

632 

33 

665 

35 

700 

12 

712 

26 

738 

50 

788 

22 

810 

11 

821 

99 

920 

5 

925 

47 

972 

5 

977 

41 

1,018 

54 

1,072 

129 

1,201 

15 

1,216 

18 

1,234 

22 

1,256 

34 

1,290 

15 

1,305 

83 

1,388 

2 

1,390 

Geological  Formation. 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  to  1,201 


j-  Beaver  Sand. 


Horton  Sand. 


} 


Pike  Sand. 


Salt  Sand. 

Base  of  Conglomerate 
Measures. 

Chester  Group  (Mauch 
Chunk). 

(St.  Louis  missing.) 
Big  Injun. 

Top  of  Pocono  Slate. 


KNOX  COUNTY  WTELLS. 


Wo.  1 — Payne’s  Creek,  eleven  miles  northwest  of  Barbourville. 


Soil  

Quicksand 

Sand  

Black  shale  . . . . 

Coal  

Slate  and  shale 

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Sbale  and  slate 
Black  shale  . . . 

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Sand  and  slate 


6 

6 

6 

12 

8 

20 

35 

55 

3 

58 

25 

83 

5 

88 

20 

108 

12 

120 

64 

184 

18 

202 

30 

232 

150 

382 

40 

422 

52 

474 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


183 


No.  2 — Payne’s  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Soil  

12 

12 

Quicksand  

16 

Soapstone  

20 

Sand  

40 

60 

Slate  

175 

Sand  

10 

185 

Shale  

127 

312 

P>’q  o 

10 

322 

Slate  

18 

340 

Sand  

10 

350 

Shale  

60 

410 

80 

490 



Slate  

20 

510 

Spnrt  

60 

570 

Shale  

38 

608 

Sand  

222 

830 

Shale  

865 

Sand  and  shale 

50 

915 

Coal  

3 

918 

Sand  

32 

950 

Sliale  

4 

954 

Sand  

492 

1,003s 

No.  3 — Caleb  Powers  farm,  near  Whitley  line. 


Soil  10  10 

Sand  15  25 

Shale  325  350 

Sand  45  395 

Slate  50  445 

Sand  200  645 

Slate  5 650 

Sand  100  750 

Coal  4 754 

Slate  5 759 

Sand  151  910 


No.  4 — Barbourville. 


Soil  23  23 

Sand  27  50 

Shale  45  95 

Slate  65  160 

Slate  and  shale  40  200 

Hard,  sandy  lime 5 205 

Slate  and  sand  shells 110  315 

Gray  lime  8 323 

Slate  27  350 

Sand  68  418 

Slate  2 420 

Sand  (oil  at  430) 45  465 


Geological  Formation. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Jones  Sand  (?). 


184 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


No  5 — Thos.  Henson,  farm — Fighting  Creek,  two  and  one-half  miles  from  Barbour- 
ville. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Soil  and  black  slate 

50 

Close,  hard  sand 

60 

110 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Loose  shale 

50 

160 

Conglomerate. 

Water  sand 

100 

260 

Shale  and  slate 

12 

272 

"Wages”  sand  

48 

320  " 

| 

Very  close  sand  (show  of  oil 

and 

>•  Wages  Sand. 

gas)  

70 

390  „ 

1 

Loose  pebbles,  shale,  etc 

10 

400 

“Jones”  sand  

90 

490 

Jones  Sand. 

Black  sand  

2 

4(92 

No.  6 — Thomas  Poindexter  farm — Fighting  Creek,  one-quarter  mile  northeast  of 
No.  5. 


Soil  

20 

20 

Gravel  

10 

30 

Blue  clay 

20 

50 

Coal  . . o 

3 

53 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Clay  and  shale 

7 

60 

Conglomerate. 

White  sand . 

40 

100 

Black  slate  

20 

120 

Shale,  slate  and  shells 

72 

192 

Gray  sand  

12 

204 

Loose  shale 

25 

229 

White  sand  

10 

239 

Shale,  slate  and  shells 

30 

269 

Loose,  gray  sand.. 

4 

273 

White  sand  

90 

363 

Wages  Sand  ( ?) : 

Shell  and  slate 

70 

433 

White  sand  

12 

445 

Black  slate  

10 

455 

Coal  

4 

459 

STiale  

16 

475 

Gray  sand  

16 

491  ^ 

White  sand  

4 

495 

! 

Black  sand  

10 

505 

y Jones  Sand  (?). 

White  sand  

9 

514  j 

7 — James  Brindstaff  farm — righting 

Creek 

(adjoins 

: No.  6). 

Soil  

10 

10 

Gray  sand 

45 

55 

Blue  slate  (water) 

6 

61 

White  sand  (water) 

12 

73 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Slate  and  shell  

17 

90 

Conglomerate. 

Blue  clay  

20 

110 

Slate  and  shell 

82 

192 

Black  sand  

10 

202 

Slate  and  shells 

16 

218 

White  sand  (oil  show) 

57 

275 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

Slate,  shale  and  shells 

60 

335 

White  sand  

65 

400 

Blue  sand  

10 

410 

White  sand  (oil  at  448  and  471).. 

91 

501 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


185 


No.  8 — James  Brindstaff,  No.  2. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Surface  and  sand  

10 

10 

Sand  

30 

40 

Blue  sand  

10 

50 

Gray  sand  

15 

65 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Brown  slate  

35 

100 

Conglomerate. 

Brown  shale  

65 

165 

White  sand  

8 

173 

Brown  shale  

22 

195 

Slate  and  shells 

7 

202 

Slate  and  shells 

16 

2T8 

White  sand  

57 

275 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

Slate,  shale  and  shells 

60 

335 

White  sand  

65 

400 

Blue  sand  

10 

410 

White  sand  (oil  at  448  and  471).. 

91 

501 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

No.  9 — James  Brindstaff,  No.  3. 


Clay  10  10 

Blue  sand  40  50 

Gray  sand  15  65  All  Coal  Measures  and 

Brown  slate  35  100  Conglomerate. 

Brown  shale  . 65  165 

White  sand  8 173 

Brown  shale  . 22  195 

White  sand  86  281  Wages  Sand  (?). 

Brown  shale  49  330 

White  sand  12  342 

White  slate 20  362 

White  sand  10  372 

Brown  shale  20  392 

White  sand  88  480  Jones  Sand  (?). 


No.  10 — Mollie  Maniss  farm — righting*  Creek,  east  of  No.  9. 


Clay  10  10 

Shale  15  25 

Coal  1 26 

Shale  34  60  All  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  30  90  Conglomerate. 

Slate  13  103 

Coal  7 110 

Shale  80  190 

Sand  55  245 

Shale  4 249 

Sand  106  355 

Shale  (oil)  35  330 


186 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  11 — Janies  Goodin  farm — righting*  Creek,  east  of  No.  10. 


Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Quicksand  

Lime  

Slate  

Black  slate  

Lime  

White  slate  

Black  slate  

Sand  

Black  shale  

White  slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  (salt  water) 

No.  12 — James  Goodin,  No.  2. 

Creek  sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Dark  shale  

Lime  

Brown  shale  

Lime  

Black  shale  

“Wages”  sand 

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  


No.  13- 


Clay  

Shale  

Lime  

“Wages”  sand  . . . 

Lime  shale  

TTones”  sand  (oil) 


Clay  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand 

Slate  

Sand  (gas)  

Slate  

Sand  (salt  water) 


15 

15 

45 

60 

35 

95 

50 

146 

25 

170 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

25 

19? 

Conglomerate. 

20 

215 

62 

277 

38 

315 

35 

350 

60 

410 

6 

416 

16 

432 

6 

438 

15 

15 

8 

23 

19 

42 

30 

72 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

18 

90 

Conglomerate. 

65 

155 

15 

170 

20 

190 

10 

200 

'7 

207 

61 

268 

Wages  Sand. 

80 

348 

40 

388 

Stray  Sand  (?). 

42 

430 

54 

488 

Jones  Sand. 

*eek,  east  of  No.  12. 

18 

18 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

180 

198 

Conglomerate. 

25 

223 

90 

313 

Wages  Sand. 

105 

418 

30 

448 

Jones  Sand. 

k,  six 

miles  northeast  of  Barfcourville 

20 

20 

30 

50 

60 

110 

20 

130 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

70 

200 

Conglomerate. 

90 

290 

40 

330 

80 

410 

15 

425 

398 

823 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


187 


No.  15— H.  P.  Martin,  No.  2. 

Quicksand 
Lime  .... 

Shale  .... 

S’and  .... 

Shale  

Sand  .... 

Shale  . . . 

Sand  .... 

Shale  .... 

Sand  .... 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

35 

35 

5 

40 

200 

240 

15 

255 

50 

305 

40 

345 

60 

405 

100 

505 

40 

545 

132 

677 

No.  16 — Decatur  Jackson  farm — Big*  Richland  Creek. 


Clay  10  10 

Soapstone  and  quicksand 22  32 

Slate  and  soapstone 173  205 

S’and  (salt  water) 11  216 

Slate  14  230 

S’and  10  240 

Shale  and  sand  shells 60  300 

Slate  60  360 

Sand  125  485 

Slate  6 491 

Sand  (salt  water) 54  545 

Slate  25  570 

Sand  30  600 


No.  17 — John  J.  Disney  farm — Big-  Richland  Creek. 


Soil  15  15 

Slate  40  55 

Sand  10  65 

Sand  and  shale 260  325 

Shale  70  395 

White  sand  20  415 

Gray  and  black  sand 145  560 

Light  sand  and  pebbles 70  630 


No.  18- — Decatur  Jackson  farm — Big  Richland  Creek. 


Clay  10  10 

Quicksand  23  33 

Soapstone  27  60 

Shale  140  200 

Sand  (gas)  10  210 

Shale  15  225 

Sand  20  245 

Shale  20  265 

Shale  35  300 

Sand  22  322 

Shale  38  360 

White  sand  (salt  water  at  440) . . . 212  572 

Black  sand  22  594 

White  sand  89  683 

Coal  2 685 

Black  sand  10  695 

White  sand  10  705 


Geological  Formation. 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

Wages  (?). 

Jones  (?). 

Epperson  (?). 

All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

Wages  (?). 


Jones  (?). 
Epperson  (?). 


188 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  19 — J.  W.  Disney  farm — Big-  Richland  Creek. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Sand  30  30 

Shale  200  230  All  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  (water)  12  242  Conglomerate. 

Shale  25  267 

Sand  (gas  and  oil) 30  297  Wages  (?). 

Shale  50  347 

Sand  20  367 

Shale  53  420 

Sand  35  455  Jones  (?). 

Shale  30  485 

Sand  130  615  Epperson  (?). 

Shale  30  645 

Sand  10  655 


20 — Henry  Stacy  farm — Big  Richland 

Creek. 

Shale  and  sand  shells 

460 

460 

Sand  

180 

640 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Black  slate  

10 

650 

Conglomerate. 

Sand  

74 

724 

No.  21 — Malinda  Gray  farm — Lynn  Camp  Creek,  near  Gray’s  Station. 


Gravel  and  dirt 

20 

20 

Shale  

70 

All  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  

48 

118 

Conglomerate. 

Shale  

157 

Sand  

25 

182 

Shale  

200 

S'and  

40 

240 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

Shale  

128 

368 

Oil  sand  

434 

Jones  Sand  ( ?). 

No.  23 — Malinda  Gray  farm. 


Gravel  and  sand * 20  20 

Sand  60  80 

Shale  S2  162 

Sand  53  215 

Shale  51  266  All  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  41  307  Conglomerate. 

Sand  123  430 

Sand  59  489 

Shale  12  501 

Sand  101  602 

Coal  and  shale 11  613 

Sand  59  672 

Sand  36  70S 

Salt  sand  13  721 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


189 


No.  24 — Ralph  Mays  farm — Little  Richland  Creek,  one  and  one-half  miles  north 
of  Barbourville. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 


Sandy  soil  35  35 

Sand  rock 10  45  All  Coal  Measures  and 

Black  shale  155  200  Conglomerate. 

Slate  and  shale 85  285 

Sand  (oil)  57  342  Jones  Sand  (?). 


No.  25 — N.  B.  Jones  farm — Little  Richland,  four  miles  north  of  Barbourville. 


Clay  

25 

25 

Sand  

23 

48 

Coal  Measures  and 

S'hale  

100 

148 

Conglomerate. 

Sand  

60 

208 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

Shale  

50 

258 

Sand  

25 

283 

Shale 

19 

302 

Sand  (oil)  

20 

322 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

26 — N.  B.  Jones  farm,  No.  2. 

Clay 

15 

15 

Sand  

70 

85 

Shale  

90 

175 

Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  . . 

27 

202 

Conglomerate. 

Shale  

22 

224 

Sand  

59 

283 

Sand  

52 

335 

Sand  (oil)  

69 

404 

Jones  (?). 

27 — N.  B.  Jones,  No.  3. 

Clay  

35 

35 

Sand  

75 

Coal  Measures  and 

Shale  

165 

Conglomerate. 

S’and  

65 

230 

Shale  

30 

260 

Sand  

280 

Shale  

310 

Sand  

398 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

No.  28— N.  B.  Jones,  No.  4. 


Clay 25  25 

Sand  40  65  Coal  Measures  and 

Shale 100  165  Conglomerate. 

Sand  45  210 

Shale  80  290 

Sand  32  322 

Shale  13  335 

Sand  37  372  Jones  Sand  (?). 


190 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  29 — Joseph  A.  Miller  farm,  north  of  No.  28 — Little  Richland  Creek. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 
Dirt  20  20 

Shale  20  40  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  31  71  Conglomerate. 

Shale  183  254 

Sand  (water)  18  272 

Shale  36  308 

“Jones”  sand  . 32  340  Jones  Sand  (?). 

No.  30 — Joseph  A.  Miller,  No.  2. 

Dirt  26  26 

Shale  BO  46  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  rock  24  70  Conglomerate. 

Shale  200  270 

“Wages”  sand 12  2S2  Wages  Sand  (?). 

Shale  19  301 

Gray  sand  rock 7 308  Top  of  Jones  S’and  (?). 

No.  31— Joseph  A.  Miller,  No.  3. 

Dirt  25  25 

Shale  21  46  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  rock  23  69  Conglomerate. 

Shale  204  273 

Sand  (water)  15  288  Wages  Sand  (?). 

Shale  20  308 

“Jones”  sand 32  340  Jones  Sand  ( ?). 

No.  32— Joseph  A.  Miller.  No.  4. 

Dirt  and  gravel 27  27 

Shale  15  42  Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  20  62  Conglomerate. 

Shale  180  242 

“Wages”  sand  41  2S3  Wages  Sand  ( ?). 

Shale  28  311 

“Jones”  sand  64  375  Jones  Sand  ( ?). 

No.  33 — Joseph  A.  Miller,  No.  6. 

Clay  28  28 

Sand  42'  70  Coal  Measures  and 

Shale  85  155  Conglomerate. 

Sand  30  185 

Shale  95  2^0 

Sand  IS  298  Wages  Sand  ( ?). 

Shale  32  330 

Sand  72  402  Jones  Sand  ( ?). 

No.  34 — J.  W.  Mills  farm — Little  Richland  Creek,  north  of  No.  33. 

Soil  and  shale 170  170  Coal  Measures  and 

Conglomerate. 

“Wages”  sand  25  195  Wages  (?). 

Shale  110  305 

“Jones”  sand  45  359  Jones  (?). 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


191 


No.  35 — J.  W.  Mills,  No.  2. 


Clay  

S'and  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  ; 

No.  36 — J.  W.  Mills,  No.  3. 

Clay  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Shale  

Sand  

No.  37 — J.  W.  Mills,  No.  4. 

Clay  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

S'hale  

Sand  


Clay  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Black  shale 

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  


No.  39 — Thomas  Gibson,  No.  2. 

Clay  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale 

Black  shale  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  (gas  and  oil) 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

5 

5 

Coal  Measures  and 

112 

Conglomerate. 

162 

40 

202 

Wages  Sand  ( ?). 

70 

272 

22 

294 

Stray  Sand  (?). 

3 

297 

13 

310 

Jones  Sand  ( ?). 

28 

28 

Coal  Measures  and 

40 

68 

Conglomerate. 

100 

168 

45 

213 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

80 

293 

27 

320 

19 

339 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

27 

27 

Coal  Measures  and 

35 

62 

Conglomerate. 

60 

122 

70 

192' 

Wages  Sand  ( ?). 

70 

262 

30 

292 

Stray  Sand  ( ?). 

33 

325 

121 

446 

Jones  Sand  ( ?). 

of  No.  37- 

-Little  Richland  Creek. 

3 

3 

15 

18 

Coal  Measures  and 

15 

33 

Conglomerate. 

12 

45 

50 

95 

45 

140 

30 

170 

Wages  Sand  (V). 

110 

280 

20 

300 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

3 

3 

15 

18 

Coal  Measures  and 

15 

33 

Conglomerate. 

12 

45 

50 

95 

45 

140 

30 

170 

Wages  S'and  (?). 

110 

280 

83 

363 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

192 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  40 — Thomas  Gibson,  No.  3. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Earth  

10 

10 

Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  rock  

10 

20 

Conglomerate. 

Shale  

140 

160 

Sand  

190 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

Shale 

280 

“Jones”  sand  

348 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

41 — Thomas  Gibson,  No.  4. 

Soil  

25 

25 

Shale  

. 30 

55 

Coal  Measures  and 

Sand  

5 

60 

Conglomerate. 

Shale  

180 

240 

Black  sand  

5 

246 

Shale  

35 

280 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) 

28 

308 

Jones  Sand. 

42 — Thomas  Gibson,  No.  5. 

Surface  sand 

60 

60 

White  slate  

20 

80 

Coal  Measures  and 

White  sand  

20 

100 

Conglomerate. 

Black  slate  

60 

160 

“Wages”  sand,  broken 

40 

200 

Wages  Sand. 

Black  slate  

85 

285 

Stray  salt  sand 

15 

300 

Stray  Sand. 

Black  slate  

15 

315 

Black  slate  

5 

320 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) ’. 

'86 

406 

Jones  Sand. 

No.  43 — Mary  r.  Hug-lies  farm,  one-quarter  mile  north  of  No.  42 — Little 
land  Creek. 


Soil  and  sand....’ 18  18 

Shale  and  slate 264  282 

White  sand  60  342 

Oil  sand ’ 50  392 

Black  slate  46  438 

White  sand  132  570 

Oil  sand 30  600 

Black  slate  3 603 

White  sand  8 611 

Black  slate  40  651 

White  sand 85  736 

Black  slate  7 743 

Blue  lime  and  sand 4 747 

White  sand  62  809 

Black  slate  5 814 

Blue  or  black  slate 65  879 

Lime  and  sand 182  1,061 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


198 


No.  43 — Mary  r.  Hughes,  No.  2. 


Clay 

Sand 

Slate 

Sand 

Slate 

Sand 


(little  oil) 


and  north  of  No.  43. 

Clay  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  (oil)  

'Slate  

Sand  

No.  45 — Si.  Jones,  No.  3. 

Earth  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  


ness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

10 

10 

Coal  Measures  and 

12 

22 

Conglomerate. 

168 

190 

100 

290 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

60 

350 

165 

515 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

L Creek,  six 

miles  from  Barbourville 

30 

30 

Coal  Measures  and 

190 

220 

Conglomerate. 

10 

230 

Wages  Sand. 

150 

380 

80 

4.60 

Jones  Sand. 

40 

500 

120 

620 

22 

10 

342 

5 

2 

12 


22 

32 

374 

379 

381 

393 


Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 


Jones  Sand. 


No.  46 — Si.  Jones,  No.  4. 

Clay  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Sand  (oil  show) 

Coal  

Shale  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  


7 

7 

Coal  Measures  and 

10 

17 

Conglomerate. 

69 

86 

9 

95 

18 

113 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

1 

114 

121 

235 

25 

260 

207 

467 

Jones  Sand  (?}. 

86 

553 

552 

60S2 

Epperson  Sand  (?). 

No.  47— Si.  Jones,  No.  6. 


Earth  and  sand  rock 

10 

Coal  Measures  and 

Sbnlp  

30 

40 

Conglomerate. 

Sand  

50 

Shale  

30 

80 

Sand  (gas)  

88 

Wages  No.  1. 

Black  shale  

172 

260 

Sand  

10 

270 

Wages  No.  2. 

Shale  

167 

437 

Sand  (oil)  

4572 

Jones. 

194 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  48 — Si.  Jones,  No.  7. 

Clay 

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  (oil)  

No.  49 — Si.  Jones,  No.  8. 

Clay 

Sand  rock  

Black  slate  

S’and  (thick  oil) 

Black  slate  

Sand  

Black  slate  

Sand  

Black  slate  

Sand  

Black  slate  

No.  50 — Si.  Jones,  No.  9. 

Clay  

Shale  

Sand  and  shale 

Shale 

No.  51 — Si.  Jones,  No.  10. 

Clay  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Slate  

Hard  shale  

Slate  

White  sand,  “Jones”  (some  oil) . 

Brown  sand 

White  sand,  “Jones”  (some  oil) . 
Slate  

No.  52— Si.  Jones,  No.  11. 

Clay  and  quicksand 

Slate  

S’and  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  and  shale 

“Jones”  sand  (oil  and  gas) 


Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

10 

Coal  Measures  and 

18 

Conglomerate. 

103 

113 

383 

420 

Jones  Sand. 

10 

30 

Coal  Measures  and 

50 

60 

160 

170 

250 

Conglomerate. 

260 

440 

455 

4713 

18 

Coal  Measures  and 

448 

469 

482 

Conglomerate. 

4 

Coal  Measures  and 

30 
80 
92 
165 
185 
225 
300 
4190 
495  ■) 

Conglomerate. 

| 

497 
500  J 
5512 

k Jones  Sand. 

35 

Coal  Measures  and 

150 

170 

225 

235 

246 

Conglomerate. 

254 

325 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

333 

402 

Stray  Sand  (?). 

435 

Jones  fc’and  (?). 

Thickness. 

10 

8 

85 

10 

270 

37 

10 

20 

20 

10 

100 

10 

80 

10 

180 

15 

162 

18 

430 

21 

13 

4 

26 

50 

12 

73 

20 

40 

. 75 

190 

5 

2 

3 

512 

35 

115 

20 

55 

10 

11 

8 

71 

8 

69 

33 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


195 


No.  53 — Si.  Jones,  No.  12. 

Clay  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  and  shale 

Sand  (some  oil) . . . . . 

Slate  

S'and  and  oil 

Shale 

Sand  

Shale  

•S’and  

Sand  and  oil 

Slate  


Thickness. 

Depth. 

26 

26 

132 

158 

17 

175 

61 

236 

12 

24S 

90 

338 

12 

350 

75 

425 

70 

495 

5 

500 

15 

515 

35 

550 

25 

575 

50 

625 

15 

640 

9 

649 

1 

650 

No.  54 — John  Wages  farm,  southeast  of  No.  53,  on  little 
John  Wages,  No.  2. 


Clay  

Shales  

Sand  (black  oil) 

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

S’and  (oil)  


9 9 

30  39 

15  54 

50  104 

20  124 

20  144 

18  162 


No.  55 — John  Wages,  No.  3. 

Clay  

Shales  

Sand  (black  oil) 

Slate  

Sand  

Shales  

Sand  (oil)  


9 9 

30  39 

15  54 

50  104 

20  124 

20  144 

18  162 


No.  56 — John  Wages,  No.  4. 

Clay 

Shales  

S’and  (black  oil) 

Slate  

Sand  

Shales  

Sand  (oil)  


9 9 

30  39 

15  54 

50  104 

20  124 

20  144 

18  162 


No.  57 — John  Wages,  No.  5. 


Soil  

Soapstone 
Shale  . . . 
Sand 


10  10 

25  35 

120  155 

5 160 


Geological  Formation. 

Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate. 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

Stray  Sand  (?). 

j-  Jones  Sand. 

j-  Epperson  Sand  (?). 

Richland  Creek. 

Wages  No.  1. 

Wages  No.  2. 

Wages  No.  1. 

Wages  No.  2. 

Wages  No.  1. 

Wages  No.  2. 


Wages  No.  2. 


196  KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  58— John  Wages,  No.  6. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Clay  

15 

Slate  

120 

135 

Sand  (oil)  

150 

Geological  Formation. 


Wages  No.  2. 


No.  59 — John  Wages,  No.  7. 


Clay  and  quicksand 

18 

18 

Sand  

23 

Shale  

143 

Sand  

163 

Wages  Sand. 

Shale 

260 

Sand  

278 

S’tray  Sand. 

Shale  

27 

305 

Sand 

398 

Jones  Sand. 

Slate  

402 

No.  60 — John  Wages,  No.  8. 

Soil  

Sand  

Light  shale  

Shale  

Light  shale  

“Wages”  sand  (oil  at  182) 

‘Wages”  sand 

Shale  \ . . . . 

Shale  

Sand  ’ 

Shale  

“Jones”  sand  (oil  at  322) . 
“Jones”  sand  (oil  at  336) . . 
“Jones”  sand 


10 

10 

51 

61 

9 

70 

60 

130 

41 

171 

29 

200  ) 

36 

236  f Wages  Sand. 

4 

240 

6 

246 

11 

257  Stray  S'and. 

63 

320 

20 

340  ] 

18 

358  Jones  Sand. 

12 

370  J 

No.  61 — John  Wages,  No.  9= 


Dirt  and  gravel 

S'and  

Shale  

“Wages”  sand  (show  of  oil) 

Fire-clay  

Dark  shale 

Light  shale  

“Jones”  sand  (show  of  oil) . 

“Jones”  sand  

Shale  at  bottom. 


9 

9 

49 

58 

112 

170 

28 

• 198 

3 

.201 

4<1 

242 

66 

308 

42 

350 

50 

400 

Wages  Sand. 


Jones  Sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


197 


. 62 — J.  X.  Payne  farm, 

east  of  John  Wages 

farm — 

-Iiittle  Richland  Creek. 

Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Quicksand  

10 

10 

Sand  

80 

Shale  

100 

Sand  

30 

130 

Shale  

180 

Sand,  “Wages”  

55 

235 

Wages  Sand. 

S’hale  

•280 

Black  sand  (salt  water) 

20 

300 

Stray  Sand. 

Shale  

18 

318 

Sand  

323 

Shale 

333 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) 

4 

337 

Jones  Sand. 

No.  63- 


X.  Payne,  No.  2. 


Quicksand  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  (salt  water) 

Shale  

Sand  (salt  water) . 

Shale 

Sand  (salt  water)  . 
Shale  (some  oil) . . 
Sand  and  shale  . . . 
Jones  sand  (oil) . . 


18 

18 

132 

150 

30 

180 

75 

255 

15 

270 

. 10 

280 

5 

285 

12 

297 

30 

327 

13 

340 

2 

342 

5 

347 

8 

355  i 

15 

370  r 

11 

381  J 

Wages  Sand. 


Jones  Sand  (broken). 


NTo.  64 — J.  X.  Payne,  No.  3. 

Gravel  

Sand  

Shale 

Shale 

Sand  

Shale 

Shale  or  black  sand.  . . . 

Shale 

Shale  

Shale  

Shale  

White  sand  (oil  at  372) 

Sand  


5 5 

30  35 

15  50 

10  60 

25  85 

35  120 

40  160 

30  190 

100  290 

22  312 

33  345 

30  375 

12  387 


Jones  Sand, 


198 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  65— J.  K=  Payne,  No.  4. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Dirt  and  gravel 4 4 

Broken  sand  11  15 

Light  slate  5 20 

Gray  sand  5 25 

Bastard  shale  25  50 

Light  shale 50  100 

Dark  gray  sand  or  bastard  lime..  40  140 

Black  sand  10  150 

Bastard  shale  60  210 

Gray  sand  65  275 

Light  shale  3 27  S 

Shale  and  sand 42  320 

Dark  shale  50  370 

Dark  shale  30  400 

Gray  sand  15  415 

Dark  sand  2 417 


No.  66 — Thomas  C.  Bames  farm,  east  of  Wages  farm — Little  Richland  Creek. 
Thos.  C.  Barnes,  No.  2. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Clay  and  quicksand 

12 

12 

STiale  and  shells 

183 

195 

Sand  (oil  and  water) 

222 

W'ages  Sand. 

Shale  

280 

Sand  (oil)  

8 

288 

Stray  Sand. 

Shale  

47 

335 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) 

25 

360 

Jones  Sand. 

Bottom  at  

400 

No.  67 — Thos.  C.  Barnes,  No.  3. 

Soil  and  quicksand 

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  


No.  68 — Thos.  C.  Barnes,  No.  4. 

Quicksand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Shale  

Sand  

Shale  

“Jones”  sand  

“Jones”  sand  (oil  and  salt  water) 


16  16 

29  45 

15  60 

210  270 

20  290 

128  418 

53  471 


18  18 

27  45 

20  65 

50  115 

20  135 

85  220 

8 228 

8 236 

25  261 

117  378 

11  389 

27  416 


Wages  (?). 
Jones  (?). 


Wages  S’and  (?). 


Jones  Sand. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


199 


No.  69 — Thcs.  C.  Barnes,  No.  5. 

Thickness.  Depth.  Geological  Formation. 

Soil  20  20 

Soapstone 50  70 

Black  slate  40  110 

White  sand  20  130 

Soapstone  50  180 

Black  sand  10  190 

Black  slate  140  330 

Stray  sand 10  340 

Soapstone 35  375 

“Jones”  sand  30  405  Jones  Sand. 


No.  70 — Thos.  C.  Barnes,  No.  6. 


Clay  and  quicksand 20  2 0 

Shale  . 20  40 

Sand  15  55 

Slate  and  shale.  105  160 

Slate  and  shale.  19  179 

Sand  15  194 

Slate  66  260 

Sand  12  272 

Slate  73  345 

Hard  shale  5 350 

Slate  t 48  398 

“Jones”  sand  28  4'26 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) 10  436 

Salt  water  sand 2 438 


Wages  Sand  (?). 


} 


Jones  Sand. 


No.  71 — Thos.  C.  Barnes,  No.  7. 


Clay  

16 

16 

Slate  and  shale 

184 

200 

Sandy  shales  

17 

217 

Wages  (?), 

Slate  

300 

Stray  sand  (oil) 

10 

310 

Stray. 

Slate  

355 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) 

18 

373 

Jones. 

No.  72 — Thos.  C.  Barnes,  No.  8. 


Clay  

20 

20 

Sand  

30 

50 

Slate  

131 

181 

Sand  

15 

196 

Slate  

44 

240 

Sand  

20 

260 

Wages  Sand. 

Slate  

35 

295 

Sand  

15 

310 

Stray  Sand. 

Slate  

384 

Sand  (oil) 

453 

Jones  Sand. 

200 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


No.  73 — Ellen  Jones  farm,  east  of  No.  72 — Little  Bichla  nd  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Clay  and  quicksand 

56 

56 

Slate  

143 

Sand  

10 

153 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

Shale  

395 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) 

15 

410 

Jones  Sand. 

No.  74 — Ellen  Jones,  No.  2. 


Quicksand  26  26 

Slate  54  80 

Sand  10  90 

STiale 38  128 

Slate  32  160 

Sand  15  175 

Shale  15  190 

Sand  15  205 

Shale  and  slate 35  240 

Hard  shale 37  277 

Slate  103  380 

“Jones"  sand  (oil  and  gas) 15  395 

Sand  49  444 


Jones  Sand. 


No.  75 — Jones-Jarvis  farm,  part  of  Ellen  Jones  farm. 


Quicksand  

18 

Sand  

20 

38 

Shale  

67 

105 

Sand  

111 

Shale  

87 

198 

Sand  

28 

226 

Wages  Sand  (?) 

Shale  

142 

368 

“Jones”  sand  (oil) 

404 

Jones  Sand. 

76 — Jones- Jarvis, 

Clay  

NO.  2. 

20 

20 

Sand  

15 

35 

Slate  and  shale. . 

45 

80 

Sand  

15 

95 

Shale  

45 

140 

Slate  

113 

253 

Sandy  shale  . . . . 

17 

270 

Wages  Sand  (?) 

Slate  

90 

360 

Shale 

45 

405 

Coarse  sand,  “Jones”  (oil  show) . . 

15 

420  j 

j-  Jones  Sand. 

Hard,  white  sand 

(salt  water) .... 

24 

444  1 

Slate  

1 

445 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


201 


No.  77 — Henry  Jackson  farm—Iiong  Branch  of  Richland  Creek. 


Thickness. 

Depth. 

Geological  Formation. 

Clay  and  gravel . 

13 

13 

Sand  

24 

37 

Shal^  . * - - t 

48 

85 

50 

135 

15 

150 

Wages  Sand  (?). 

245 

30 

275 

Stray  Sand  (?). 

Shale 

15 

290 

391 

Jones  S'and  (?). 

No.  78 — Henry  Jackson,  No.  2. 


Clay  . 

30 

30 

Sand  

35 

65 

Phnlp 

70 

135 



112 

24'7 

Scincl  •••oooo.**o«*o«o 

28 

275 

Shale 

24 

299 

.Sand  

99 

398  Jones  Sand  (?). 

No.  79 — George  Jones  farm — Caleb’s  Branch  of  Richland  Creek. 


Clay 

10 

10 

Sand  

40 

50 

Shale  

300 

Sand  

50 

350 

Shale  

85 

435 

Sand  (oil)  

92 

527 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

80 — George  Jones, 

Shale  and  clay.  . . . 

No.  2. 

160 

160 

• 

Shale  

175 

Shale  

180 

355 

Sand  

385 

Wages  Sand  (?), 

Slate  

115 

500 

Sand  (oil  show  at 

525) 

600 

Jones  Sand  (?). 

In  these  records  of  Knox  county  wells,  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  Coal  Measures*  and  the  Conglomerate  can  not  be  defi- 
nitely drawn  at  present,  but  the  wells;  are  mostly  in  Conglom- 
erate measures  with  some  Coal  Measure  rocks  at  the  top.  The 
rocks  in  the  Conglomerate  are  so  extremely  changeable  here, 
that  it  is  impossible  to  follow  any  sand  with  certainty  from 
one  locality  to  another,  or  even  sometimes  to  carry  a sand  from 
one  well  to  another  on  the  same  farm,  therefore  the  limits  as- 
cribed in  the  above  records  to  the  two  principal  sands  (Wages 
and  Jones)  are  to  be  taken,  in  many  of  the  records,  as  sug- 
gestive only.  It  is  very  doubtful,  in  fact,  if  these  two  sands  are 


202 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


in  any  measure  continuous  at  all,  and  it  is  possible  that  oil 
may  be  struck  in  pools  (generally  small,  because  the  sands 
themselves  are  not  continuous  over  large  areas)  in  any  sand 
in  the  Conglomerate  series,  and  that  the  presence  or  absence 
of  an  oil-bearing  sand  in  any  locality  can  only  be  told  by  drill- 
ing entirely  through  the  Conglomerate  series.  It  is  evident 
from  the  records  given,  that  only  a very  few  wells  have  been 
drilled  much  more  than  half  way  through  this  formation,  and 
it  is  also  evident  that  some  of  them  have  stopped  just  short 
of  where  the  horizon  of  the  Jones  sand  should  be,  after  going 
to  a depth  corresponding  to  the  depth  of  the  Jones  sand  in 
some  nearby  well. 


WHITLEY  COUNTY  WELLS. 


No.  1 — Well  at  Halsey. 

Thickness.  Depth. 


Drift  5 5 

Sand  10  15 

Dark  clay  shale 16  31 

Light  clay  shale 16  47 

Light  and  dark  shale 25  72 

Light  sand  2 74 

STialy  sand  122  862 

Fine,  massive  sand 152  102 

Sand  and  shale  streaks 5 107 

Dark  shale  5 112 

Dark,  fine  sand % 

Dark  shale  8%  121 

Shale  1 122 

Dark  shale  and  shaly  sand 12%  . 184% 

Bastard  lime  % 135 

Dark  shale  % 

Bastard  lime  % 136 

Dark  shale  8 144 

Dark  and  light  shale 52  1492 

Soft,  fine  sand  1 1502 

Light  sandy  shale  and  sandstone  162  167 

Dark  clay  shale 3 170 

Coal  ye 

Fire-clay  or  clay  shale % 

Soft  coal  % 

Dark  clay  shale * % 172 

Light  clay  shale 10  182 

Dark  clay  shale 12%  194% 

Coal  1 195% 

Fire-clay  2%  198 

Light  clay  and  shale 8 206 

Shaly  sandstone 5 211 


Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  Series. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL,  SURVEY. 


203 


Halsey  well — Continued. 

Coal  

Fire-clay  

Shaly  sandstone 

Sandy  shale  

Dark  cannel  shale 

Fine  light  sand 

Sand  

Shaly  sandstone  

Sand  and  shaly  sandstone 

Shaly  sandstone  

Shale  

Shaly  sandstone  

Sandstone  and  shaly  sandstone. . 

Sand  

Sand  and  shale 

Sand  

Coal  

Shale  

Dark,  fine  sand  

Dark  sandy  shale 

Sandy  shale 

Sand  

Clay  slate  

Coal  and  slate 

Fire-clay  

Slate  

Slate  and  coal 

Fire  clay 

Slate  

Dark  sandy  slate 


Thickness.  Depth. 


5/l2 

% 


37% 

250 

10 

260 

10 

270 

4 

274 

30 

304 

8 

312 

24 

336 

3 

339 

7 

346 

15 

361 

8 

369 

23 

392' 

15 

407 

5 

412 

1 

413 

1 

414 

11 

425 

16 

441 

3 

444 

23 

467 

18 

485 

1 

486 

1 

487 

8 

495 

1 

496 

1 

497 

5 

502 

3 

505 

Geological  Formation. 


All  Coal  Measures  and 
Conglomerate  Series. 


No.  2 — Williamsburg. 

Soil  

Sand  and  slate  

Shale  and  shells 

Black  slate  

Sand  

Slate  

Sand  

Slate  

White  sand  

Sand  (gas)  

Black  shale  and  slate 
Sand  (oil)  


Thickness. 

5 

140 

110 

147 

185 

15 

15 

80 

25 

62 

19 

172 


Depth. 

5 

145 

255 

402 

587 

602 

617 

697 

722 

784 

803 

975 


Nearly  all  Conglomerate.  The  sands  correspond  approximately  to  those 
of  Knox  county. 


204 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


CHAPTER  VII, 


PRODUCTION  OF  OIL  AND  GAS  IN 
KENTUCKY. 


The  following  figures,  giving  the  annual  production  and 
market  value  of  oil  and  gas  in  Kentucky,  are  taken  from  the 
reports  by  F.  H.  Oliphant,  in  “Mineral  Resources  of  the  United 
States,”  issued  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey. 

Oil. 

Total  production  previous  to  1883,  160,933  barrels. 


Production  from  1883  to  1901 : 


Year. 

1883  

1884  

Barrels. 
4,14'8 

1885  

1886  

4,726 

1887  

1888  

5,096 

1889  

1890  

5,400 

6,000 

1891  

1892  

1893  

6,500 

3,000 

1894  

1,500 

1895  

1896  

1,500 

1,680 

1897  

322 

1898  

5,568 

1839  

18,280 

1900  

62,259 

Total,  1883  to  1901 

Production  from  1901  to  1904 : 


Average  price 

Year.  Barrels.  Value.  per  barrel. 

1901  137,259  $111,527.00  .813 

1902  185,331  141,044.00  .76 

1903  554,286  486,083.00  .877 


Total  reported  production  up  to  1904 1,026,565  barrels. 

The  production  for  1904  is  not  given,  but  it  was  about  twice  that  for  1903, 
and  nearly  equal  to  the  total  production  of  the  State  previous  to  1904. 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


205 


In  all  tliese  figures,  a small  production  from  Tennessee  is 
included. 


Gas. 


Value  of  the  production  from  1889  to  1904 : 


Year. 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 


Value. 
$ 2,580 

30.000 
38,993 
43,175 
68,500 
89,200 
98,700 

99.000 

90.000 
103,133 
125,745 
286,243 
270,871 
365,611 
390,601 


In  the  value  for  the  years  1902  and  1903  a small  production 
for  Tennessee  is  included. 

Value  for  1904  not  given. 


206 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


TRANSPORTATION  OF  OIL  AND  GAS. 


Oil. 

Previous  to.  the  completion  of  the  pipe-lines,  but  little  oil 
was  marketed  from  the  State,  production  and  prospecting  be- 
ing both  held  back  by  the  lack  of  transportation.  Some  oil 
was  shipped  by  rail  from  such  fields  as  were  close  to  railroads, 
as,  for  instance,  the  Barren  county  field.  The  Sunnybrook 
field  in  Wayne  county  was  connected  by  a two-inch  line  to  the 
railroad  at  Somerset,  and  the  Whitehouse  field,  in  Floyd 
county,  by  a two-inch  line  to  the  Big  Sandy  river,  but,  out- 
side of  these  three  fields,  but  little  oil  was  shipped.  Plate 
No.  9 shows  an  attempt  to  market  the  Wayne  county  oil  by 
transporting  it  in  a line  of  barges  down  the  Cumberland  river 
to  Nashville.  The  Cumberland  Pipe  Line  Co.  has  now  com- 
pleted a system  of  pipe  lines  and  storage  tanks*,  which  gives 
good  service  and  handles  the  oil  from  all  of  the  principal  fields 
at  present  being  operated,  with  the  exception  of  the  Barren 
county  fields,  which  still  ship  their  product  by  rail ; the  Irvine 
and  Campton  fields  being  only  lately  connected  with  the  sys- 
tem. 

Starting  over  the  line  in  Tennessee,  the  pipe  line  runs  through 
Wayne  and  Pulaski  counties  to  the  receiving  tanks  at  Somerset, 
where  tankage  for  some  200,000  barrels  is  provided.  The  line 
which  starts  at  Cloyd’s  Landing,  in  Cumberland  county,  and 
takes  the  oil  from  that  section,  comes  into  the  first  line  at  a 
point  west  of  Monticello,  Wayne  county.  From  the  Somerset 
station,  a four-ipch  line  goes  to  the  next  receiving  station,  at 
Manchester,  where  a branch  line  from  Barbourville,  Knox 
county,  comes  in.  The  line  then  goes  to  the  third  receiving 
station  at  a point  on  the  Licking  river,  just  above  Salyers- 
ville,  Magoffin  county,  from  which  point  a six-inch  main  takes 
the  oil  to  the  refineries  of  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  beyond  Park- 
ersburg, W.  Va. 


' Of  THE 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


207 


A two-inch  line  starts  at  Irvine,  Estill  county,  taking  the 
oil  from  that  field  as  far  as  <0ampton,  Wolfe  county,  at  which 
place  it  is  increased  to  a four-inch  line,  and,  taking  the  oil 
from  there,  joins  the  main  line  at  a point  in  Morgan  county, 
south  of  West  Liberty.  The  two-incli  line  from  the  Whitehouse 
field  to  the  Big  Sandy  river,  has  been  taken  up  and  now  runs 
from  the  Whitehouse,  or  Flovd  county  field,  to  the  main  line 
at  the  Salyersville  station.  The  oil  from  the  Ragland  field, 
in  Bath  county,  was,  for  a time,  taken  by  a branch  line  to 
the  receiving  station  at  Salyersville,  but  a part  of  the  branch 
line  has  been  taken  up  and  the  Ragland  oil  is  now  taken  by 
a short  pipe-line  to  the  C.  & O.  Railroad  at  Salt  Lick,  Bath 
county,  from  which  point  it  is  shipped  by  rail.  Plate  No. 
10  shows  a train  of  tank  cars  at  Salt  Lick,  loaded  with  Ragland 
oil. 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  accompanying  map  (No.  1),  this 
system,  shown  on  the  map  by  the  green  lines,  not  only  provides 
transportation  for  oil  from  the  fields  now  being  operated,  but 
is  also  available  for  possible  future  fields  in  a large  area  of 
contiguous  territory,  much  of  which  has  never  been  prospected. 
The  system  will  doubtless  be  extended  in  the  future  as  neces- 
sity may  require. 


Gas. 

Only  two  of  the  known  gas  fields  of  the  State  are,  as  yet,  con- 
nected with  the  market  by  pipe-lines,  but  there  is,  at  least,  a 
prospect  of  more  lines  being  laid  in  the  future. 

A line  was  laid  some  years  ago  from  the  gas  fields  in  Meade 
county  to  Louisville,  and  is  still  in  use,  while,  more  recently, 
the  fields  in  Martin  county  were  tapped  by  a line  which  runs 
down  the  Big  Sandy  river  and  supplies  the  towns  of  Louisa, 
Oatlettsburg  and  Ashland,  in  Kentucky,  Ironton  in  Ohio  and 
Huntington  in  West  Virginia.  Both  of  these  lines  are  shown 
(in  red  lines)  on  map  No.  1. 


208 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


CHAPTER  IX. 


MAPS. 

Accompanying  this  bulletin  are  three  maps  of  Kentucky. 
No.  1 shows  the  locations  of  producing  oil  fields  and  the  pipe- 
lines for  oil,  in  green;  the  locations  of  producing  gas  fields 
and  the  pipe-lines  for  gas,  in  red,  and  the  outcrop  lines  of  the 
Eastern  and  Western  Coal-fields,  showing  their  relation  to  the 
producing  oil  and  gas  fields.  Map  No.  2 shows  the  approximate 
outcrop  of  the  Berea  Grit  and  the  area  in  Eastern  and  North- 
eastern Kentucky  underlaid  by  it,  as  far  as  now  known;  also, 
the  area  in  Southeastern  Kentucky  known  to  be  underlaid  by 
the  Big  Injun.  As  will  be  seen  on  the  map,  these  two  areas 
overlap  in  the  extreme  eastern  part  of  the  State.  The  direction 
of  possible  extensions  of  each  of  these  areas  is  indicated  by  the 
broken  lines  of  the  corresponding  conventions  on  the  map. 
Map  No.  2 also  shows  the  approximate  outlines  of  the  area  in 
Central  Kentucky,  where  the  Trenton  rocks  are  at  the  surface, 
and  from  which  they  dip  away  to  the  east  and  west.  Map  No..  3 
shows  the  outcrop  lines  of  the  Corniferous  Limestone  and, 
by  the  shaded  part,  the  area  under  which  it  exists,  as  nearly 
as  can  be  shown  at  present.  The  narrow  belt  occupied  by  the 
Corniferous  in  the  southern  part  of  Central  Kentucky  is  shown, 
and  its  possible  extensions  under  drainage,  indicated  by  the 
broken  lines. 

The  areas  shown  on  Map  No.  1,  as  producing,  seem  very 
small  as  compared  with  the  remainder  of  the  State.  It  should 
be  borne  in  mind  that  only  the  locations  of  actual  production 
are  shown,  with  no  attempt  at  outlining  areas  which  may,  or 
probably  will,  be  productive.  The  same  map  will  show,  by 
contrast,  the  large  areas  which  either  have  not  been  prospected 
at  all,  or  else,  which  have  been  prospected  to.  some  extent,  but 
not  in  a systematic  or  intelligent  way.  In  this  connection,  it 
may  be  well  to  cite  the  area  of  the  producing  fields  of  Texas 
and  Louisiana,  which  have  produced  enormous  quantities  of 
oil  in  the  last  few  years.  The  returns  for  1904,  for  the  oil 
belt  extending  from  Jennings,  Louisiana,  to  Beaumont,  Texas — 
a distance  of  about  125  miles — give  a production  of  26,053,044 
barrels,  while  the  total  area  of  actual  production  in  this  belt 
is  only  about  TOO  acres. 


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No.  2 


CINCINNATI 


Kentucky  Geological  Survey 

CHARLES  J.  NORWOOD,  Director. 


Map  of  Kentucky. 

BY 

J.  B.  HOEING,  C.  E. 


Scale,  30  miles=l  inch. 

AREA  UNDERLAID  BY  BIG  INJUN. 
H AREA  UNDERLAID  BY  BEREA  GRIT. 


giigjgsp 

AREA  WHERE  TRENTON  IS  AT  THE  SURFACE. 


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"°Cumberland  Gap 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


209 


APPENDIX. 

Elevations  Above  Sea  of  Points  in  Kentucky. 


Compiled  from  the  various  railroad  and  river  surveys  and 
the  records  of  the  Kentucky  Geological  Survey  and  United 
States  Geological  Survey. 

Points  marked  with  an  * have  been  determined  by  barometric 
observation. 


PLACE. 

COUNTY 

STATION 

ELEVA- 

TION. 

Adairville  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

589 

626 

366 

554 

425 
722 
700 
650 
482 
363 
734 
390 
537 

1,006 
746 
605 
444 
918 
733 
i 973 

1 430 

899 
460 

426 
| 412 

345 

829 

960 

637 

417 

330 

420 

397 

443 

761 

618 

386 

408 
397 
875 
431 

409 
417 
948 
382 
355 
640 
732 
400 
682' 
4*8 
521 
526 
548 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

Alexander  

Fulton 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Todd  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

S.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

E.  & G.  R.  R 

Todd  

Crittenden  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Carlisle  

B.  M.,  near  I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & E.  R.  R 

Powell  

£ ptihybiirg  

Hopkins  

Ashland  

Boyd  

C.  & O.  R.  R 

^ t Vi  s 

Fayette 

Athol  

Breathitt  

L.  & E.  R.  R 

A nhll  rr» 

Logan  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River.  . 

Au^ustR 

Bracken  

Austerlitz  

A.vpnst^kp  r . _ . t 

Bourbon  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Anderson  

S.  R.  R 

L.  & E.  R.  R 

Clark  

♦ Rnekncbiirp'  . . 

Calloway  

Pq  p*rl  q a 

Shelby  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

"Raker’cs  

Caldwell  

I C.  R.  R 

Ppkpr^nnrt 

Hopkins  

I.  C.  R R | 

♦ "R n 1 f i rY\  nre 

Hickman  ....... 

LI II1UI  

♦ Rq  nHonfl 

Ballard  

"Rcanlr  Tiiok-  . . . 

Kenton  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Barbourville  .... 

Rq  cf  nwn 

Knox  

L.  & N.  R R 

Nelson  

L.  & N.  R R 1 

Bardstown  June. 

Rq  rrl  rirpl  1 

Bullitt  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Carlisle  

♦ T3  Q v]  A TTT 

Ballard  

Baskett  

Henderson  

TiOgan  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R | 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

"R q ii  o*b 

ndugii  

Raq  r»rl  ’ q 

Oldham  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Beattyville  

lj  aq  tt  Ar*  TV  q ryi 

Lee  

L.  W.  in  Kentucky  River.... 
I.  C.  R.  R.... 

Ohio  . 

JDcaVcI  L'dlll  . • • • • 

Beech  Grove.... 

IYTaT  ,aa  n 

| 

■\/Ypbstpr  

Belcourt  

Bpll  pvn  p 

Henry  



L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Belmont  

Bullitt  

"D  a1  + AVI 

Muhlenberg 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

.JDtJILCJIl  

^Benton  

IVf  a T*«!Via  1 1 

Madison  

L.  & N.  R.  R | 

Berk  City.  ...... 

Daviess 

| 

Carlisle  

M.  & O.  R.  R I 

Berkeley  

Perry 

Harrison  • 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

"D  a + V>1  oVl  D ry> 

Harbin  

I.  C.  R.  R 

JDclIlicIlcIIl  

Muhlenberg 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

TD?  0*  U* I ■?  -P 4* -tr 

Oravsnn  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Jt>ig  c iiiLy 

Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 

Boyd 

L W at  mouth 

Lawrence  

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Big  Blaine. 
L.  W.  at  Louisa 

XjRwrGh  co 

lyfari'i1'1  

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Rockcastle. 

210 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


PLACE 


Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 
Big  Sandy  River. 

Big  Spring 

“Birmingham 

Blackford  

Blanchet 

*Blandville  

Bloomfield  

Bluff  City 

Boaz  

Bond’s  

Boonesboro  

Boone’s  Gap 

Booneville  

Booth’s  

Boston  

Bowling  Green.. 

*Boydsville  

Bracht  

Bradshaw  

Brandenburg 
Brandenburg  Sta. 

Brannon  

Braxton  

Breaks  of  Sandy. 

Bristow  

Broadhead  

Bronson  

Brooks  

Brownsboro  

Brumfield  

Brummit  

Buckner  

♦Buena  Vista 

*Burdett’s  Knob.  . 

Burgin  

*Burkesville  

Burnside  

Burnside  

Butler  

Calhoun  

Calvary  

Calvert  

Campbellsburg  . . 

Cane  Spring 

Caneyville  

♦Carpenter’s  Sta.. 

Carrollton  

Carrollton  

Catlettsburg 
Catlettsburg  .... 

Cave  City  

Cave  Spring 

Cayce  

Cecilian  June.... 

Cedar  Grove 

Central  City 

Cerulean  Springs. 
Chenowee  Tunnel. 

Chicago  

Chilesburg  

Christiansburg  . . 

Clark 

Clay  City 

♦Clear  Springs... 

Cleopatra  

Clinton  


COUNTY 

STATION 

Martin 

L.  W.  at  Richardson . . 

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Paint  Cr. . 
L.  W.  at  Warfield ,,,, 

Martin  

Flovd  

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  John’s  Cr. . 
L.  W.  at  Preatonshurg- 

Floyd  

Floyd  

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Mud  Cr 

L.  W.  at  Pikeville 

Pike  

Pike  

L.  W.  at  Breaks  of  Sandy. . . . 
L.  & N.  R.  R 

Bullitt 

Marshall  

Webster  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Grant  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Ballard  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Henderson  

Graves  

I.  C.  R.  R 

McCracken  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Clark  

L.  W.  in  Kentucky  River.  . . . 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Kentucky  River.  . . . 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Hardin  

Nelson  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Graves  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

E.  & G.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

Todd  

Meade  

Meade  

L„  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Jessamine  

Mercer  

Pike  

L.  W.  in  Big  Sandy  River.  . . . 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

"Warren  

Rockcastle 

Pulaski  

Postoffice  

Bullitt  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Oldham  

Boyle  

Whitley  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Oldham 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Graves  . 

Barra  rd  

Summit  

Mpropr  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Cumberland  River.  . 
Q & C.  R.  R 

Cumberland  .... 
Pulaski  

Pula  ski  

Pendleton  

L.  & N.  R.  R.  

jyfr»"r  n 

Marion  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Marshall  

FTpnry  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  ft 

Bullitt  

Grayson  ........ 

Lincoln 

Parrnll  

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 1 

Carroll  

L.  & N.  R.  R ! 

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

Boyd  

Boyd  - 

C.  & O R.  R i 

Barren  

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

L.  & N.  R.  R | 

M.  & O R.  R 

Logan  

Pnltnn  

Hardin  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Pulaski 

Muhlenberg 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Trigg  

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & E.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R l 

Breathitt  

"Marion  

Fayette  

PiTn  pi  by  

C.  & O.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

S.  R R | 

S»hplhy  

Powell  

L.  & E.  R.  R | 

Bravpc  , , 

McTiPan  

| 

Hickman  

I.  C.  R.  R 1 

ELEVA- 

TION. 


549 

587 

587 

594 
606 
637 

■ 660 
854 
514 
347 

355 
953 
445 

595 
394 
387 
361 
538 

1,130 

651 

425 

431 

469 

455 

919 

580 

356 
594 

1,041 

863 

854 

517 

903 

818 

490 

770 

1,014 

982 

792 

450 

1,090 

887 

630 

589 

770 

604 

397 

609 

443 

896 

623 

399 
1,060 

413 

464 

498 

544 

613 

588 

400 
637 
847 
400 
447 
938 
673 

1,006 

892 

664 

646 

360 

496 

354 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


211 


PLACE 

COUNTY 

STATION 

ELEVA- 

TION. 

Breckenridge  . . 
Breckenridge  . . . 
Boyd  

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

340 
387 
603 
| 453 

1 1,023 

j 425 

756 
270 
313 
346 
951 
570 
412 

1,046 

953 

425 

927 
525 
919 
632 
515 
455 
908 
8S9 
380 

1,256 
I 1,665 

577 
589 
662 
951 
i 393 

828 
700 
955 
353 
397 
660 

928 
882 
949 
450 
496 
989 
724 
574 

465 
370 

1,159 
700 
761 
622 
821 
4136 
532 
613 
627 
6 S3 
748 
828 
602 
5S5 
922 

466 
S31 
661 
905 

1,261 

1,172 

457 

903 

992* 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

Caldwell  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Colby  

Clark 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

Colesburg  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Hickman  

L.  W.  in  Mississippi  River... 
R.  R 

Hickman  

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

Rockcastle  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Henderson  

Whitley  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Grant  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Crab  Orchard .... 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Crescent  Hill.... 
Crider  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Caldwell  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Shelby  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Crow-Hickman  . 
Cumb.  Falls  S’ta. 
Cumberland  Gap. 
Cumb’rland  River 
Cumb'rland  River 
Cumb’rland  River 
Cumb’rland  River 

Onrdsvill  a 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Bell 

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Fishing  Cr. 

L.  W at  Burnside 

Pulaski  

Pulaski  

L.  W.  at  m’th  of  Rockcastle  R. 
L.  W.  at  Pi n evil] e 

i^ell  

Daviess  

Curry  

Mercer  

S.  R.  R 

Oynthiana 

Harrison  

L.  & N.  R.  R | 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Danville  , 

Boyle.  

DeKoven  . 

TTnion  

I.  C.  R.  R j 

Daviess 

Denton 

Carter  

C.  & O.  R.  R 

biYfm  

Boone  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 1 

Donerail 

Fayette  

Q.  & C.  R.  R ! 

T)rv  'Rids’P 

Grant  

Q.  & C R.  R | 

*Dukedome  

Graves  

Dulaney 

Caldwell  

T C R R . . . 1 

Pune  3.1111  On 

Madison  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L & E R R 

Dundee  

Powell  

Dunmor 

Muhlenberg 

L.  & N.  r!  R 

L.  & N.  R R 

Eagle  

Carroll  

Farlington  

Hoplcins  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L & N.  R.  R 

East  Bernstadt.  . 
*Eastin’s  Mill.... 
East  View 

Laurel  

Clark 

Hardin 

I C R R | 

Eastwood  

Jefferson 

L & N R R | 

Ebenezer  

Mercer 

Eddyville  

T.yon  

j 

Edwards  

Logan 

L &N  R R I 

E.  K.  Junction.. 
Ekron  

Carter  

C.  & O.  R R | 

Meade  

L.,  H & St.  L.  R.  R 1 

Elizabethtown  . . 
Elkatawa  ....... 

Hardin  

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

Breathitt 

L.  & E R.  R j 

Elk  Chester 

Woodford 

S R R 

Elkton  

Todd  . 

E.  & G R R ' 

Elliston  

Grant 

L & N R R | 

Eminence  ..... 

Henry  

L &N  R R 1 

English 

Carroll  

L & N R R . 

Enterprise  

Carter  

C & O R R 

Eoley’s 

Logan  

L & N R R 

Erlanger  

Kenton 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 1 

Estill  Furnace... 
Eubanks  

Estill  . . . 

Eonnda  tion  | 

Pulaski  

Q.  & C.  R.  R j 

Euterne  

Henderson  

Ewing1  

Fleming  

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

C &0  R R 1 

Ev'ington  

Montgomery  .... 

212 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


PLACE 

COUNTY 

STATION 

ELEVA- 

TION. 

Falls  of  Rough.. 
Falmouth  

Breckenridge  . . . 
Pendleton  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R. 

\ 423 

| 530 

i 1,116 

| 668 

ki  n 

Fariston  

Laurel  

Farmer’s  

C.  & O.  R.  R 

* Farmington  . . . . 
Filson  

Powell  

L.  & E.  R.  R 

1 684 

Fincastle  

Lee  

L <$-  H P R 

Finchville  

Shelby  

L & N R R 

| 726 

| ■ 679 

540 
986 
I 1,300 

qoo 

Fisherville 

Jefferson  

S.  R.  R 

Flat  Lick 

Knox  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Q.  & C R R 

Flat  Rock 

Pulaski  

*Flemingsburg  . . . 

Fleming  

McCracken  

I.  C.  R.  R 

V oo 

| 356 

479 
322 
470 
560 
691 
| 394 

| 366 

644 

/7QA 

♦Fordsville  

Ohio  

Fort  Jefferson... 

Ballard  

I.  C.  R R 

L.  W.  in  Kentucky  River. . . . 
Capitol  steps 

Frankfort  

Franklin  

Franklin  

Simpson  

L & N R R 

Caldwell  

I.  C.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L & N R R 

Fulton  

Fulton  

Gaither  

Hardin  

Garfield  

Breckenridge  . . . 
Rowan  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

C.  & O R R 

Gates  

4 oU 

819 
| 869 

458 
830 
780 
I 623 

971 

| 806 

542 

a a a 

Georgetown  

Scott  

Q & C R R 

Gethsemane  .... 
Gilbert’s  Cr.  Sta. 
Glasgow  

Nelson  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

G.  R R.  . 

Barren  

Glasgow  June... 

Barren  

L.  & N R.  R.  . 

Glenavon 

Clark  

L.  & E.  R.  R 

L & E R R 

Glencairn  

Wolfe  

Glencoe 

Gallatin  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R.  . 

Glendale  .... 

Hardin  

Glendea.ne  

Breckenridge  . . . 
Muhlenberg  

i A QQ 

Gordon  

4oo 

429 

495 

Gracey  

Christian  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Gravel  Switch... 
Grayson  

Marion  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

E.  K R R 

Carter  

896 
526 
658 
942 
i 1,750 

; 581 

478 
486 
1,203 
371 
878 

671 

Grayson  Sp.  Sta. 
Greendale 

Grayson  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Fayette  

*Green  River  Knob 

Casey  

Summit 

Greensfourg  

Green  

L.  & N R R 

Greenup  

Greenup  

L W in  Ohio  River 

Greenville  Sta... 

Muhlenberg 

I.  C.  R.  R.  . . . 

Greenwood  

Pulaski  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Grove  Center. . . . 
Gum  Sulphur.  . . . 
Guston 

Union  

I.  C.  R R 

Rockcastle 

L.  & N.  R R 

Meade  

L.,  H.  & S't.  L.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R j 

L.  & N R R 

Guthrie 

Todd  

Oil 

K1  7 

Hadensville  .... 
Hall’s  Gap 

Todd  

014 

534 

993 

442 

540 

733 

417 

363 

700 

1,100 

720 

1,009 

824 

693 

367 

823 

843 

Lincoln  

L.  & N R.  R . . . . 

Hamilton  

Ohio  

I.  C.  R R 

Hampton 

Boyd  

C.  & O.  R R . . . . 

^Hampton’s  Mill.. 
Hanson 

Morgan 

Hopkins  



L.  & N R.  R 1 

Harding 

Union  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Hardinsburg  .... 
*Harlan  C H 

Breckenridge  . . . 
Harlan  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 1 

Harned  

Breckenridge  . . . 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R | 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Harris  

Madison  

Harrodsburg  . ...( 
Hatton  ...  i 

Mercer  

S.  R.  R | 

Shelby  

L.  & N R.  R 

Hawesville 

Hancock  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R | 

Hayden 

Lincoln 

Hazel  Patch  . . . 
Hebbardsville  . . . 
Hedges  

Laurel 

L.  & N.  R.  R | 

Henderson 

421 

Clark 

C.  & O.  R.  R ! 

976 

Hedgenville  .... 
Helena 

Boyle  . 

924 

Mason  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

869 

Hemp  “Ridge 

Shelby  

S.  R.  R 

731 

Henderson 

Henderson  

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River.  

317 

Henderson  

Henderson  

L.  & N.  R.  R . 

382 

Henshaw  

Union  

I.  C.  R.  R 

361 

KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


213 


PLACE 

COUNTY 

STATION 

Fulton  

L.  W.  in  Mississippi  River... 
N.  C.  & St  L R R 

Hickman  

Fulton  

Hickory  Grove.  . . 
High  Bridge 
High  Bridge 
Hillenmeyer 
♦Hillsboro  

Graves  

I.  C.  R.  R.  . . . 

Jessamine  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Woodford 

S.  R.  R 

Fayette  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Fleming  

Hinton  

Scott  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Holt  

Breckenridge  . . . 
Greenup  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

E.  K.  R R.  . 

Hopewell  

Hopkinsville 
Horse  Branch... 
Horse  Cave 

Christian  

L.  & N.  R.  R.  . . . 

Ohio  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Hart  

L.  & N.  R R . . 

Huber  

Bullitt  

L.  & N.  R R 

Greenup  

E.  K.  R.  R 

Hyattsville  

Garrard  

L & N.  R R 

Independence  . . . 
Indian  Fields . . . . 

Kenton  

Clark  

L.  & N.  R.  R | 

L.  & E R R.  . 

Estill  

T/  W in  Kentucky  T?iv^r 

Breckenridge  . . . 
McLean  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R i 

L & N R R.  . 

Breathitt  

L & E R R . 

Jeffersontown  . . . 
♦Jeffersonville  . . . 

Jefferson  

S R R 

Montgomery  .... 
Whitley  

i 

L.  & N.  R.  R I 

L & N R R 

Henry  

Jessamine  

Q & C R R 

Fleming  

L & N R R 

Jolly  

Breckenridge  . . . 
Fulton  . 

L H & St  L R R 

Jordan  

M.’  & O.  R.  R.  . . 

Q & C R R 

Junction  City.  . . . 
Kelly  

Boyle  

Christian  

L & N R R 

Kenton  Heights.. 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River. . 
Kentucky  River . . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River . . 
Kentucky  River . . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River . . 
Kentucky  River . . 
Kentucky  River . . 
Kentucky  River.  . 
Kentucky  River . . 
Kilgore  

Kenton  

Carroll  

Q.  & C.‘  R.  R 

L TV  at  Carrollton . . 

Carroll  

L W at  Pool  1 

Owen  

L.  W.  at  Pool  2 | 

Franklin  

L W at  Pool  3 1 

Franklin  

T,  W at  Frankfort 1 

Anderson  

T,  W a.t  Tyronp  j 

Jessamine  

T,  W.  a.t.  High  Rridge | 

Jessamine  

L.  W.  at  Hickman  Bridge.  . . . | 
T/  W fit  Clpy’p  Ferry1 

Fayette  

Clark  

L W at  Boonesboro 

Clark  

L.  W.  at  mouth  Red  River.  . . 
Tj.  W a.t  Trvine 

Estill  

Lee  

T,  W a+  Peattyville  ... 

Owsley  

L.  W.  at  Booneville 

Perry  

L.  W.  at  m’th  of  Leatherwood.  | 
L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Rockhouse. 
L.  W.  at  mouth  of  S’moot’s  Cr.| 
L.  W.  at  Whitesburg 

Letcher  

Letcher  

Letcher  

Letcher  

L.  W.  at  mouth  Boone’s  Fork. 
Head  in  Payne’s  Gap 

Letcher  

Carter  

C & O R R 

King’s  Mountain. 
Kinkaid  

Lincoln  

Q & C.  R.  R 

Scott  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Kirk  

Breckenridge  . . . 
Mercer  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

| 

Kirkwood  . . . 

Kuttawa 

Lyon  

I.  C.  R.  R 

LaGrange  

Oldham  

L & N.  R.  R 

Laketon  

Carlisle  

M.  & O.  R.  R 

Lancaster  

Garrard  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & E.  R.  R 

L & E.  R R 

L.  & E.  Junction. 
L.  & E.  Tunnel . . 
Langford  

Clark  

Clark  

Rockcastle 

L.  & N.  R.  R.  

S.  R.  R 

Lawrenceburg  . . 
Lawton’s  Bluff.. 
Lebanon  

Anderson  

McCracken 

Marion  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Lebanon  June... 
Leitoh  field  

Bullitt 

L & N R R 

CJrayson  

I.  C.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 1 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Leon  

Carter  . • 

Lewis  

Daviess  

ELEVA- 

TION. 


257 

306 

415 

762 

706 

951 

1,030 

943 

374 

557 

541 

476 

603 

458 

523 

1,004 

752 

755 

571 

577 

414 

762 

624 

856 

937 

880 

886 

898 

652 

404 

982 

681 

830 

413 

429.7 

442.7 
455.5 
470 

483.7 
492 
503 
533 
538 
548 
571 
618 
651 

1,019 

1,079 

1,145 

1,224 

1,338 

1,975 

627 

1,168 

862 

689 

852 

436 

841 

315 

999 

956 

1,006 

905 

770 

455 

754 

429 

635 

598 

403 


214 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


PLACE 


COUNTY 


STATION 


Lewisburg  . . . . 
♦Lewisburg  . . . . 
Lewisport  . . . . 
Lexington 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 
Licking  River. 

Lily  

Livermore 

Livia  

Livingston  . . . 
Lodiburg  .... 

Logan  

London  

Long  Branch  . 
Long  Grove  . . 
Long  Run  . . . . 

Loretto  

Louisa  

Louisville  . . . . 
Louisville  . . . . 
Louisville  . . . . 
♦Lovelaceville  . 

Lowell  

Ludlow  

Lyndon 

Lynn  Camp  . . . 

♦Lynnville  

McAfee  

McBrayer  . . . . 

McHenry  

♦McKee  

McKinney  . . . . 
McLeod  


McNary  

Madisonville  . . . . 

Mahan 

♦Manchester 

Manitou 

Marion  

Mason  

Massac  

Maurice  

Mayfield  

Mayo 

Maysville 

Maysville 

Meadow  Lawn  . . 

Meade  

Mean’s  Tunnel  .-. 
Memphis  June.  . 

Mercer  

Middlesborough  . 

Midway  

♦Milburn  

Millwood  


Mason  

McCracken  

Hancock  

Fayette 

Kenton  

Kenton  

Kenton  

Pendleton  

Pendleton  

Robertson  

Nicholas  

Nicholas  

Nicholas  

Bath  

Bath  

Bath  

Bath  

Morgan  

Morgan  

Morgan  

Morgan  

Magoffin  

Magoffin  

Magoffin  

Laurel  

McLean  

McLean  

Rockcastle  

Breckenridge  . . . 

Shelby  

Laurel  

Meade  

Hardin  

Shelby  

Marion  

Lawrence 

Jefferson  

Jefferson  

Jefferson  

Ballard  

Garrard  

Kenton  

Jefferson  

Laurel 

Graves  

Mercer  

Anderson  

Ohio  

Jackson  

Lincoln  

Logan  

Muhlenberg 

Hopkins  

Whitley  

Clay  

Hopkins  

Crittenden  

Grant  

McCracken  

Kenton  

Graves  

Mercer  

Mason  

Mason  

Bullitt 

Boyd  

Carter  

Warren  

Muhlenberg 

Bell  

Woodford 

Carlisle  

Grayson  - 


L.  & N.  R.  R 


L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  at  Covington 

L.  W.  at  DeCoursey  

L.  W.  at  Visalia  

L.  W.  at  mouth  South  Fork.  . . 
L.  W.  at  mouth  North  Fork.  . . 

L.  W.  at  Claysville  

L.  W.  at  Lower  Blue  Lick. . . . 
L.  W.  at  m’th  of  Big  Fleming. 

L.  W.  at  Upper  Blue  Lick 

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Flat  Cr.  . . . 
L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Slate  Cr... 
L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Salt  Lick.  . . 

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Beaver 

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Elk  Fork.  . . 

L.  W.  at  West  Liberty  

L.  W.  at  mouth  of  White  Oak. 
L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Rockhouse. 
L.  W.  at  m’th  of  Johnson’s  Fk. 
L.  W.  at  mouth  of  Middle  Fk.  . 

L.  W.  at  Salyersville  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L„  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L & N.  R.  R 

L.(  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Big  Sandy  River.  . . . 

L.  W.  above  Falls 

L.  & N.  depot 

J.  M.  & I.  depot 


L.  & N.  R.  R 
O.  & C.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 


S.  R.  R.. 
S.  R.  R.  . 
I.  C.  R.  R 


Q.  & C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  S'outh  Fork 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 


L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 


L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

S.  R.  R 


I.  C.  R.  R 


ELEVA- 

TION. 


466 
335 
333 
946 
432 
445 
* 453 
512 

536 
544 

| 566) 

I 57T 

592 
597 
623 
644 
676 
733 
742) 
766 
776 
806 
820 
840 
1,072 
389 
422 
858 
485 
613 
i 1,209 
417 
605 
599 
711 
526 
386 
432 
457i 
350 
799 
535 

537 
1,045 

I 481 

1 796 

1 807 

434) 


I 


1,040 

1,008 

610 

427 

460 

899 

882 

430 

571 

924 

450 


I 

I 


498 

421 
804 
448 
525 

422 
590 
770 
533 
471 

1,063 

785 

445 

603 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


215 


PLACE 


COUNTY 


STATION 


*Mintonville  

Casey  

Mississippi  River 
Mississippi  River 
Mississippi  River 
Mitchellsburg  . . . 

Fulton  

Hickman  

Ballard  

Boyle 

Owen  

Wayne  

Fayette  

Mooresville  

Moran’s  Summit. 

Washington 

Madison  

Rowan  

Moreland  

Lincoln  

Pendleton  

Morganfield  

Mortonsville'  .... 

Union  

Woodford  

Hickman  

*Mt.  Carmel  .... 
Mt.  Guthrie  .... 
Mt.  Savage  

Fleming  

Rockcastle  

Carter  

Mt.  Sterling  .... 

Mt.  Vernon  

Muldraugh 

Montgomery 

Rockcastle  

Moado  

Muldraugh  Hill  . 
Muldraugh  Hill  . 
Munfordville  .... 
*Murray 

Hardin  

Marion  

Hart  

Calloway 

Music  

Garter 

Myers  

Nicholas 

Natural  Bridge  . . 
Nazareth  .’ 

Powell  

Nelson 

Nelson  

Nelsonville  

Muhlenberg 

Nelson 

*New  Concord  . . . . 
New  Haven  .... 
New  Hope 

Calloway  

Nelson  

Nelson 

Newport  

Campbell 

Niagara  

T-T  priHpr^nTi 

Nicholasville  .... 
Nolin 

11C11UCI  ouli  

Jefferson  

Larue 

Normal  

North  Fork 

L>Oj  u.  

Bovle 

Nortonville  

Hopkins 

Norwood 

■pnl  o clri 

Nunn’s  

PrittPn^Pn 

Oakdale 

T-£vpn  th  i 1 1 

Oakland  

Warren 

Oakton 

Hickman 

O’Bannon  

J efferson 

* Ogden  

Ballard 

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

McCracken 

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Union 

Ohio  River  

Union 

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Henderson 

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

. . 

Ohio  River  

Hancock 

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Breckenridge  . . 

Ohio  River  

Mpa  c{  p. 

Ohio  River  

Meade  . 

Ohio  River  

Jefferson 

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Gallatin 

Ohio  River  

Carroll  

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Bracken 

Ohio  River  

Mason  . 

Ohio  River  

Ohio  River  

Lewis  

L.  W.  at  Hickman 
L.  W.  at  Columbus 
L.  W.  at  mouth  Ohio  River 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Kentucky  River 


L.  & E.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 
Li.  & N.  R.  R 
C.  & O.  R.  R 
Q.  & C.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 
Q.  & C.  R.  R 


M."  & a R.  R 


L.  & N.  R.  R 
C.  & O.  R.  R 
C.  & O.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 
I.  C.  R.  R.  . . 
L.  & N.  Tunn 
L.  & N.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 


el 


C.  & O.  R.  R. 
L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & E.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R.  . . 

L.  & N.  R.  R 


L.  & N.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 


Madison  street  depot 


Q.  & C.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 
C.  & O.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 
I.  C.  R.  R.  . . 
Q.  & C.  R.  R 
I.  C.  R.  R.  . . 
L.  & E.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

M.  & O.  R.  R 
L.  & N.  R.  R 


L. 

W. 

at 

mouth 

L. 

W. 

at 

Paducah 

L. 

W. 

at 

Shawneetown 

L. 

W. 

at 

Raleigh 

L. 

W. 

at 

Uniontown  . . 

L. 

W. 

at 

Mt.  Vernon . . 

L. 

W. 

at 

Henderson . . . 

L. 

W. 

at 

Owensboro.  . . 

L. 

W. 

at 

Rockport 

L. 

W. 

at 

Lewisport .... 

L. 

W. 

at 

Troy 

L. 

W. 

at 

Cloverport . . . 

L. 

W. 

at 

Concordia .... 

L. 

w. 

at 

Brandenburg. 

L. 

w. 

at 

Louisville.  . . . 

L. 

w. 

at 

Bethlehem . . . 

L. 

w. 

at 

Madison 

L. 

w. 

at 

Vevay 

L. 

w. 

at 

Warsaw 

L. 

w. 

at 

Carrollton .... 

L. 

w. 

at 

Cincinnati .... 

L. 

w. 

at 

Augusta 

L. 

w. 

at 

Maysville. . . . 

L. 

w. 

at 

Manchester.  . 

L. 

w. 

at 

Quincy 

I 


I 


I 


| 

1 

| 


I 


! 

! 


ELEVA- 

TION. 


1,185 

256 

270 

272 

969 

442 

935 

956 

650 

964 

712 

1,086 

610 

398 
789 
313 
990 

1,121 

601 

934 

1,113 

740 

767 

1,160 

570 

510 

692 
613 
765 

693 
448 
434 
460 
444 
488 

511 
477 
945 
660 
539 
934 

385 

1,122 

357 

796 

531 

321 

731 

350 

272 

286 

301 

302 
306 
308 
317 
328 
330 
333 
335 
340 
34'6 
356 

386 

399 
401 
408 
411 
413 
431 
44'4 
448 
451 
464 


216 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


PLACE 


COUNTY 


STATION 


Ohio  River  

Greenup  

Ohio  River  

Boyd  

Oil  City 

Barren  

Old  Deposit  

Jefferson  

Olive  Hill  

Carter  

Olmstead  

Logan  

Olympia  

Bath  

Orel  ~. 

Jefferson  

Ormsby 

Jefferson  

Otter  Cr.  Sta.  . . . 

Hardin  

Otter  Pond  

Caldwell 

Owensboro  

Daviess  

Paducah  

McCracken  

Paducah  

McCracken  

Garrard  

Panther  Cr 

Daviess  

Bourbon  

Boyle 

Payne’s  Gap  . . . .' 

Letcher  

Pembroke  

Christian  

Henry  

Penick  

Marion  

Muhlenberg 

Christian  

Pewee  Valley  . . . 

Oldham 

Phillipsburg  .... 

Marion  

Pierce  

Breckenridge  . . . 

Pikeville  

Pike  

Pinckard  

Woodford  

Pine  Grove  

Clark  

Pine  Hill  

Rockcastle 

Pine  Knot  

Whitley  

Pineville  

Bell  

Pisgah  

Woodford 

Pleasant  Valley  . 

Rockcastle 

Pleasant  View  . . 

Whitley  

Pleasure  R.  Park. 

Jefferson  

Pleasureville  . . . 

Henry  

Point  Leavell  . . . 

Garrard  

Pound  Gap  

Letcher  

Powers 

Daviess  

Preston  

Bath  

Prestonsburg  . . . 

Floyd  

Prewitt  

Montgomery  . . . 

Princess  

Boyd  

Princeton  

Caldwell 

"Procter’s  Gap  . . . 

Letcher  

Pryorsburg  

Graves  

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Quarry  Switch  . . 

Bullitt  

Quincy  

Lewis  

Raleigh 

Union  

Randolph  

Jefferson  

Red  Hill 

Hardin  

Red  House  

Madison  

Red  Oak  

Logan  

Reed  

Henderson  

"Reelfoot  Lake  . . 

Fulton  

Repton  

Crittenden  

Ricedale  

Muhlenberg 

Richardson  

Martin  

Richmond 

Madison  

Rich  Pond  

Warren 

Richwood  

Boone  

Riley  

Marion  

Riverton  

Greenup  

Robards  

Henderson  

Rockfield 

"Warren  

Rock  Haven  .... 

Meade  

Ronkhnld  

Whitley  

Rockport  

Ohio  

Rock  Vale  

Breckenridge  . . . 

Rocky  Hill  

Edmonson  1 

Rogers  Gap  

Scott  * 

L.  W.  at  Greenup . . . 
L.  W.  at  Catlettsburg 

G.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R.  . 
L.  W.  in  Ohio  River.  . 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 


L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 
L.  W.  in  Big1  Sandy 


C.  & O.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

S.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 


L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Big  Sandy 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

C & O.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 


I.  C.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 
L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R. 


I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Big  Sandy 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

E.  K.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.,  H.  & S't.  L.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Q.  & C.  R.  R I 


ELEVA- 

TION. 


478 

498 

610 

453 

752 

563 
751 

412 
636 
664 
534 
367 
286 
341 
794 
377 
826 

1,052 

1,97a 

562 

830 

930 

408 

400 

753 
704 
407 
660 
824 
960 
966 

1,410 

999 

846 

1,110 

971 

447 

882 

884 

2,512 

362 

742 

606 

1,054 

632 

475 
2,000 

411 
1,120 

463 

464 
302 
437 
751 
710 

595 
379 
290 

476 
387 
549 
926 

564 
924 
914 
531 

413 
568 

412 
955 
432 
435 

596 
913 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


217 


PLACE 


Rosine  

Rosslyn  

Rowland 

Rowletts  

Rumsey  

Rush  

Russellville  . . . . 

Ruth  

Sadieville 

St.  Charles  

St.  Joseph 

St.  Ma^y  

St.  Mathews  . . . . 
St.  Vincent  . . . . 

Salt  Lick  

S'alvisa  

Salyersville 

Sample  

Samuels  

Sanders  

Sayers  

Science  Hill 

Scottsburg 

Scuffietown  

Sebree  

Shelby  Gap 

Shelby  June 

STielbyville  

fe’helbyville  

Shepherdsville  . . 

Sherman 

Silver  Cr.  Sta.  . . 
Simpsonville 

Sinks  

Skillman 

Slaughter  

Sloan’s  Valley  . . 

Smithfield  

Smith’s  Grove  . . 

Smithland 

Somerset  

Sonora  

South  Carrollton 
South  Elkhorn  . . 

South  Fork  

South  Union 

Sparta 

Spottsville  ...... 

Springfield  

♦Spring  Hill  

Spring  Lick 

S'purlington  

♦Standing  Rock  . . 

Stanford  

Stanley  

Stanton  

♦State  House  Rock 

State  Line 

State  Line 

Stephensport 

Stepstone  

Stevensburg 

Steubenville 

Stine  

Stithton 

Strawberry  

Stroud  

Sturgis  

Sullivan  

Sulphur  

Summit  

Sutherland 

♦Symsonia  


COUNTY 

STATION 

ELEVA- 

TION. 

Ohio  

I.  C.  R.  R 

546 

Powell  

L.  & E.  R.  R 

671 

Lincoln  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

844 

Hart  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

610 

384 

Carter  

C.  & O.  R.  R 

628 

Logan  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

534 

Breckenridge  . . . 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

493 

S’cott  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

857 

Hopkins  

I.  C.  R.  R 

458 

Daviess  

420 

Marion  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

733 

Jefferson  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

522 

Union  

I.  C.  R.  R 

413 

Bath  

C.  & O.  R.  R 

656 

Mercer  

S.  R.  R 

758 

L.  W.  in  Licking  River 

840 

Breckenridge  . . . 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

392 

Nelson  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

652 

Carroll  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

488 

Nelson  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

674 

Pulaski  

Q.  & C.  R R 

1,115 

Caldwell  ....... 

I.  C.  R.  R 

616 

375 

Webster  

L.  & N.  R.  R ; 

362 

Pike  

1,431 

Jefferson  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

696 

Shelby  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

695 

Shelby  

S.  R.  R.  

684 

Bullitt  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

426 

Grant  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

924 

Madison  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

804 

Shelby  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

771 

Rockcastle 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

906 

Hancock 

L.(  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

387 

Webster  

L.  & N.  R.  R.  . . 

380 

Pulaski  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

912 

Henry  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

875 

Warren  

L.  & N.  R.  R | 

607 

Livingston 

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River 

1 286 

Pulaski  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

867 

Larue  • • 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

699 

Muhlenberg 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

443 

Enyptto 

895 

Lincoln  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

976 

Logan  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

579 

Gallatin  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

497 

"P’pnrlpT’Son  ...... 

366 

Washington  .... 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

738 

tTiplcman  

4.50 

Grayson  

I.  C.  R.  R 

387 

Taylor  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

981 

Estill  

1,269 

Lincoln  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

921 

Daviess  

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

350 

Powell  

L.  & E.  R.  R I 

671 

Estill  

1 1,464 

Christian  

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

535 

Whitley  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

1,350 

Breckenridge  . . . 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 

390 

Montgomery  . . . 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

777 

Hardin  

I.  C.  R.  R 

611 

Way no  

887 

Jefferson  

S.  R.  R 

484 

Hardin  

I.  C.  R.  R 

686 

Jefferson  

L.  & N-  R.  R 

432* 

Muhlenberg 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

380 

Union  

I.  C.  R.  R 

363 

Union  

I.  C.  R.  R 

365 

Henry  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

683 

Whitley  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

1,263 

Daviess  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

378 

flVflVPR  

l 

402 

218 


KENTUCKY  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


PLACE 


COUNTY 


STATION 


ELEVA- 

TION. 


L.  & E.  R.  R . . j 

Pulaski  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Taylorsville  .... 
Thompson’s  .... 

Thompson  

Tip  Top  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

C.  & O.  R.  R 1 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Montgomery  .... 

Hardin  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Wolfe  

L.  & E.  R.  R 

Hopkins  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Todd  

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

C.  & O.  R.  R | 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L & N.  R R 

Twin  Tunnels  . . 
Tunnel  Hill  ... 

Muhlenberg  . . . 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  W.  in  Kentucky  River.... 
j 

Union  

I.  C.  R.  R 

Union  

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River  . 

Larue  

L.  & N.  R R | 

Val1py  

Jefferson  

L.  & N.  R R . . . | 

Washington 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Mercer  

S R R . 

Fayette  

S R R . 

Shelby  

S R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Woodford  

S’.  R.  R I 

Vine  Grove  .... 

I.  C.  R.  R j 

I.  C.  R.  R 

L.  & E.  R.  R 

Powell  

Tj.  W.  in  T .inking  River 

Waddy  

j8cT\7" n /I  nchCTTl 

Shelby  

S.  R.  R | 

Calloway  



♦Wade’s  Gap  .... 
♦Walnut  Flats  . . . 
Walnut  Grove  . . • 

"Wn  1 ton 

Clinton  

! 

Lincoln  

! 

Faldwell  

Boone  

Q.  & C.  R.  R ] 

w cird/  s 

Carter 

C.  & O.  R.  R 

Wq  vfi  p!  ^ 

Martin  

L.  W.  in  Big  Sandy  River. 

L.  W.  in  Ohio  River ' 

W w ....... 

Gallatin  

Water  Valley  . . . 

W J q vprlv 

(Araves  

I.  C.  R.  R ' 

I.  C.  R.  R 1 

TTninn  

Waynesburg  .... 
AVofost^r  

T.ineoln  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 1 

L.,  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R ! 

I.  C.  R.  R | 

Breckenridge  . . . 
Grayson  

Wpet  PI  if  tV 

West  Liberty  . . . 
West  Louisville  . 
~WJ  net  Pniut 

Morgan  

T,  "W  in  T,i eking  River 

Daviess 

1 

Hardin 

I.  C.  R.  R ! 

VVtrfeL  ruiiu  

Whippoorwill  . . . 
White  Plains 

"W'h 

T n p-a  n 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Hopkins  

I.  C.  R.  R . . . 

Madison  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Whitesburg  .... 
White  Sulphur  . . 

1 1 pwnorl 

T.etelier  

L.  W.  in  Kentucky  River....1 
I.  C R.  R i 

Caldwell 

Areen  

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

tl  PV 

"Pnlaski  

Q.  & C.  R.  R 

Winlcl  iffp 

■Rnllard  

I.  C.  R.  R ' 

Willard  

Farter  

F.  K.  R.  R 

Williamsburg  . . . 
Williamstown  . . . 
Wilmore  , T 

Whitley  L.  & N.  R.  R 

Arant  O Rr  C R R 

Jessamine  

Q.  & C.  R.  R ' 

"Wil  <5nn  ....... 

Henderson  

I.  C.  R.  R I 

C.  & O.  R.  R ' 

*\/C7 in  r»Vi  pcjtPT* 

Clark  . 

Winchester  

"\\T  i ri  rl  n TYl 

Clark 

L.  & E.  R.  R '.  . . ! 

J essamine 

Q.  & C.  R.  R 1 

’YA7'  i n pTi 

Graves 

I.  C.  R.  R 

Wolf  Lick  

\\T nnrl L 1 n P 

Logan  

L.  & N.  R.  R 

L.  & N.  R.  R 

Whitley  . 

r\\7" Anri  L 1 1 r»n 

Warren 

L.  & N.  R.  R t 

T\f  a A rl  1 Q Tl  fl 

Hart 

L.  & N R.  R I 

Woodlawn 

Jefferson  

L.  & N.  R.  R ! 

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

TXT  a Afl  T TO  1 p 

Nelson 

W UUU Vdlc  • 

McCracken 

VV  UUU.  V 1 11 1:  

Worthington  . . . . 

Vrnrth  tti  1 1 p 

Daviess  

L„  H.  & St.  L.  R.  R 1 

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

Carroll  

Wr]  o*]a  t * S 

Taylor  

L.  & N.  R.  R 1 

L.  & E.  R.  R 1 

WT  vcinrlnttp 

Clark  

At*l 

Grant  

L.  & N.  R.  R ! 

Zion 

Henderson  . 

711 
810 
877 
422 
1,037 
408 
' 760 
956 
456 
531 
950 

482 
767 
740 

483 
939 
354 
306 
724 
412 
572 
765 
880 
742 
862 
910 
721 

400 
666 
453 
854 
442 

1,310 

910 

449 

912 

669 

587 

411 
386 
408 

1,215 

542 

631 

742 

462 

412 
539 
430 
903 

1,224 

480 

570 

1,332 

3°2 

554 

939 

943 

872 

377 

964 

980 

1,032 

466 

401 
1.080 

610 

623 

509 

765 

440 

382 

478 

616 

1.011 

664 

436 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Accumulation  of  Oil  and  Gas 17 

Anticlinal  Theory  18 

Anticlines  18, 20 

At  Cloverport  21 

In  Cumberland  County  21 

Meade  County  21 

Older  fields  23 

Warfield  21 

Wayne  County  21 

Asphalt  Rock  28 

Barren  County, 

Black  Shale  in 34 

Corniferous  in  37 

Hudson  in  39 

Niagara  in  38 

Oil  Sand  32 

Waverly  in  32 

Well  records  126-129 

Bath  County, 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Corniferous  in  36 

Monocline  in  21 

Niagara  in  37 

Oil  in  51 

Section  in  52 

St.  Louis  in 29 

Waverly  in  32 

Well  records  52,  59-61,  143-151 

Beaver  Sand  32,  45,  50,  56 

Berea  Grit  32,48 

In  Rowan  County  48, 49 

Lewis  County  49 

Powell  County  49 

Berea  Shale  49 

Big  Injun  Sand 31,  32,  46,  47,  57 

In  Clinton  County  47 

Johnson  County  47 


220 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Knox  County  47 

Magoffin  County  47 

Martin  County  . .. 31,47 

Pike  County  , 31,47 

Rockcastle  County  47 

Wayne  County  47 

Whitley  County  47 

Big  Lime  28,  29 

Birdseye  40, 41 

Black  Shale  50,51 

In  Barren  County  34 

Bath  County  33 

Breckenridge  County  34 

Bullitt  County  33 

Carter  County  34 

Casey  County  33 

Clark  County  33 

Clinton  County  33 

Cumberland  County  33 

Eastern  Kentucky  34 

Estill  County  33 

Fleming  County  33 

Garrard  County  33 

Hart  County  34 

At  Ironton,  Ohio  34 

In  Jefferson  County  33 

Larue  County  33 

Lawrence  County 34 

Lewis  County  33, 34 

Magoffin  County  34 

Marion  County  33 

Meade  County  50 

Menefee  County  34 

Monroe  County  33 

Montgomery  County  33 

Morgan  County  34 

Nelson  County  33 

Ohio  34 

On  Pine  Mountain  33 

In  Powell  County  33 

At  Portsmouth  34 

In  Rockcastle  County  34? 

Russell  County  33 

Warren  County  34 

Wayne  County  33, 34 

Whitley  County  34 

Wolfe  County  34 


INDEX. 


Bourbon  County,  Hudson  in.. 

Bownocker,  Report  by 

Eoyd  County, 

Conglomerate  in  

St.  Louis  in  

Well  records  

Boyd’s  Creek  sand 

Boyle  County,  Waverly  in 

Breathitt  County, 

Caney  Sand  in 

Conglomerate  in  

Well  record  

Breckenridge  County, 

Black  Shale  in 

St.  Louis  in 

Waverly  in  

Well  records  

Bullitt  County, 

Black  Shale  in 

Waverly  in  

Burning  Springs  well........ 

Calciferous  

Caldwell  County,  well  record. 

Campton  well  

Caney  Sand  

In  Breathitt  County  .... 

Clark  County  

Madison  County  

Montgomery  County  . 
Morgan  County  ...... 

Wolfe  County  

Cap  

Carroll  County  well 

Carter  County, 

Black  Shale  in 

Conglomerate  in  ........ 

Niagara  in  

St.  Louis  in 

Well  records  

Central  City  well 

Casey  County,  Black  Shale  in 

Central  Kentucky, 

Birdseye  in  

Chazy  in  

Corniferous  in  


221 

PAGE 

40 

8,17 

26 

SO 

76 

38,130 

32 

55 

26 

71 


34 

30 

32 

136-138 

33 

32 

31 

40,  42,  44,  58 

139 

71 

40 

55 

56 

56 

56 

55 

55 

18 

139 

34 

25 

37 

29,30 

..  .74,  159-161 

142 

33 


41 

41 

36 


222  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Hudson  in  39 

Trenton  in  41 

Chazy  * 40,41 

Chester  27 

In  Clinton  County  27 

Eastern  Kentucky  28 

Jackson  County  27 

Knox  County  27 

At  Tell  City  27 

In  Western  Kentucky 27,  28 

Whitley  County  27 

Cincinnati  well  74 

Clark  County, 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Corniferous  in  36 

Well  record  66 

Clinton  38,  55 

Big  Injun  in 47 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Chester  in  27 

Hudson  in  39 

St.  Louis  in 30 

Waverly  in  32 

In  Eastern  Kentucky  38 

Morgan  County  38 

Wayne  County  ................  38 

Wolfe  County  38 

Clinton  Sand  51,55 

Cloverport, 

Anticlines  *21 

Gas  Sand  32,  48 

Wells  21 

Conglomerate  Measures  25,  26 

In  Boyd  County  26 

Breathitt  County  26 

Carter  County  25 

Floyd  County  26 

Greenup  County  25 

Jackson  County  25 

Johnson  County  26 

Knott  County  26 

Knox  County  26 

Martin  County  26 

Menefee  County  25 

Morgan  County  25 

Pike  County  26 


INDEX. 


223 

PAGE 

Southeastern  Kentucky  26 

Western  Kentucky  27 

Whitley  County  26 

Wolfe  County  25 

Oil  Sands  in 45,46 

Cooper  Sand  32,  50,  56 

Corniferous  Limestone  34,  51,  52 

In  Barren  County  37 

Bath  County  . . . 36 

Central  Kentucky  36 

Clark  County  36 

Eastern  Kentucky  36 

Estill  County  36, 53 

Fleming  County  36 

Garrard  County  36 

Lewis  County  36 

Lincoln  County  36 

Madison  County  36 

Magoffin  County  36 

Montgomery  County  36 

Powell  County  35,  36 

Rockcastle  County  36 

Southeastern  Kentucky  35 

Western  Kentucky  36 

Outcrop  of  35 

Section  of  35 

Thickness  of  35 

Cover  18 

Cumberland  County, 

Anticlines  in  21 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Hudson  in  39,  43 

Oil  field  21 

Trenton  in  43 

Well  records  114-124 

Cumberland  Gap,  St.  Louis  at 30 

Cumberland  River, 

Oil  Sands  58 

Trenton  on  42 

Deep  Sand  of  Wayne  County 57 

Devonian  (See  Black  Shale) 50 

Devonian  Limestone  34, 35 

Devonian  Black  Shale 33,34 

Eastern  Kentucky, 

Black  Shale  in 34 

Chester  in  28 


224 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Clinton  in  38 

Corniferous  in  36 

Waverly  in  32 

Elevations  209-218 

EppersOn  Sand  46 

Estill  County  21 

Black  Shale  in ; 33 

Corniferous  in  36,  53 

Gas  in  58 

Monocline  in  21 

Niagara  in  37 

Oil  in  51,53 

Section  in  70 

St.  Louis  in 29 

Well  records  69,70,158 

Fleming  County, 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Corniferous  in  36 

Niagara  in  37 

Waverly  in  32 

Floyd  County, 

Conglomerate  County  ^ 26 

St.  Louis  in 29,30 

Well  records  84-93,  161-179 

Forty-five  degree  line 23 

Garrard  County, 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Corniferous  in  36 

Waverly  in  32 

Gas, 

In  Estill  County  58 

Meade  County  50 

Menefee  County  51 

Production  in  Kentucky 205 

Transportation  of  207 

Geological  Survey  7, 16 

Geology  of  Oil  and  Gas 16 

Greenup  County, 

Conglomerate  in  25 

St.  Louis  in 28 

Waverly  in  32 

Harrison  County  well 140 

Hart  County, 

Black  Shale  in 34 

St.  Louis  in.. 30 

Waverly  in  32 

Well  records  134,135 


INDEX. 


225 

PAGE 


Horton  Sand  * 

Hudson  Group  

In  Barren  County  

Bourbon  County  

Central  Kentucky  

Clinton  County  

Cumberland  County  . . 
On  Cumberland  River  . . . 

In  Pulaski  County  

Russell  County  

Southern  Kentucky  . . 

Warren  County  

Wayne  County  

Western  Kentucky  . . . 

Whitley  County  

Ironton  well 

Irvine,  Section  at 

Jackson  County, 

Chester  in  

Conglomerate  in  

St.  Louis  in 

Jefferson  County, 

Black  Shale  in 

Niagara  in  

Johnson  County, 

Big  Injun  in . 

Conglomerate  in  

Well  records  

Jones  Sand  

Keener  Sand  

Kentucky  Oil  Sands 

Keokuk  in  Western  Kentucky 

Keokuk  limestone  

Knobstone  series  

Knott  County, 

Conglomerate  in  

Well  records  

Knox  County, 

Big  Injun  in 

Chester  in  

Conglomerate  in  

Oil  field  in 

Well  records  

Knox  Dolomite 


45 

39,55 

39 

40 

39 

39 

39,43 

39 

39 

39 

39 

39 

39 

39 

39 

75 

54 

27 

25 

29 

33 

37 

47 

26 

79,80 

46 

46,47 

12,  13,  15 

32 

32 

31 

26 

97-102 

47 

27 

26 

21 

102-105,  182-201 
..  .40,  42,  43,  44 


226 


INDEX. 


Larue  County,  Black  Shale  in 
Lawrence  County, 

Black  Shale  in 

St.  Louis  in 

Well  records  

Lewis  County, 

Berea  Grit  in 

Black  Shale  in 

Corniferous  in  

Niagara  in  

Section  in  

Waverly  in  

Lexington,  Trenton  at 

Lincoln  County, 

Corniferous  in  

Waverly  in  

Logan  County  well 

Loughridge,  Report  by 

Louisville,  Trenton  at 

Madison  County, 

Corniferous  in  

Niagara  in  

Magoffin  County, 

Big  Injun  in 

Black  shale  in 

Corniferous  in  

St.  Louis  in 

Well  records 

Maps  

Marion  County,  Black  Shale  in. 
Martin  County, 

Big  Injun  in 

Conglomerate  in 

St.  Louis  in 

Well  records  

Mason  County,  Niagara  in 

Mauch  Chunk  

Meade  County, 

Anticline  in  

Black  Shale  in 

Gas  in  

Field  

Report  on  

St.  Louis  in 

Waverly  in  


PAGE 

33 

34 

..  29,30 
. . 77-79 

49 

. . 33,34 

36 

37 

49 
32 
41 

36 

32 
134 

51 

41 

36 

37 

47 

34 

36 

. . 29,30 
72 
208 

33 

. . 31,47 
26 

29,  30,  31 
. . 80-84 

37 
27 

21 

50 

50 
21 

51 
30 
32 


INDEX. 


227 


Menefee  County,  page 

Black  Shale  in 34 

Conglomerate  in  25 

Gas  in 51 

Niagara  in  37 

St.  Louis  in 29 

Well  records  62-65,151-156 

Minute  pressure 23 

Monocline  20 

In  Bath  County  21 

Estill  County  21 

Wolfe  County  21 

Monroe  County,  Black  shale  in 33 

Montgomery  County, 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Caney  Sand  in 56 

Corniferous  in  36 

St.  Louis  in 29 

Well  records  65 

Morgan  County, 

Black  Shale  in 34 

Caney  Sand  in 55,56 

Clinton  in  38,  55 

Conglomerate  in  25 

Niagara  in 37 

St.  Louis  in 29,30 

Well  records  72, 159 

Mountain  Lime  28' 

Mt.  Pisgah  Sand 32,56 

Nelson  County,  Black  Shale  in 33 

Newman  Limestone  28 

Niagara  37 

In  Barren  County  38 

Bath  County  37 

Carter  County  37 

Estill  County  37 

Fleming  County  37 

Jefferson  County  37 

Lewis  County  37 

Madison  County  37 

Mason  County  37 

Menefee  County  37 

Morgan  County  37 

Powell  County  37 

Rockcastle  County  37 

Rowan  County  37 


228 


INDEX. 


Whitley  County  . . 

Wolfe  County  

Ohio, 

Black  Shale  in 

Oil  Sands  of 

Oil, 

In  Bath  County 

Estill  County 

Production  in  Kentucky 

Transportation  in  Kentucky 
Oil  and  Gas, 

Accumulations  of  

Geology  of  

Origin  of  

Oil  pools  

Oil  Sand  

Oil  Sands, 

In  Waverly  

Of  Kentucky  

Ohio  

Pennsylvania  

Wayne  County  

West  Virginia  

Oldham  County  well 

Open  pressure  

Origin  of  Oil  and  Gas. 

Orton,  Report  by 

Osgood  Shale  

Otter  Sand  

Owensboro,  Trenton  at 

Pencil  Cave 

Pennsylvania  Oil  Sands 

Pike  County, 

Big  Injun  in 

Conglomerate  in  

St.  Louis  in 

Well  records  

Pike  Sand  

Pine  Mountain, 

Black  Shale  on 

St.  Louis  on 

Waverly  on  

Pocono  

Portsmouth  well  


PAGE 

37 

37 


34 

9,14,15 

.....  v 51 

51,53 

......  204 

206 

16 

16 

16 

24 

17 

32 

12 

9, 14, 15 

11,13 

13 

.....10,14, 15 

......  140 

......  23 

......  16 

8,16,48 

......  37 

56 

41 

......  43 

......  11,13 

31,47 

26 

....29,  30,  31 
94-97, 180-182 
......  45 

33 

29 

32 

31 

......  75 


INDEX. 


229 


Powell  County,  page 

Berea  Grit  in ....................  49 

Black  Shale  in 33 

Corniferous  in  35,  36 

Niagara  in  37 

St.  Louis  in 29 

Well  records 66-69,  156-157 

Pressure  23 

Production, 

Gas  in  Kentucky. 205 

Oil  in  Kentucky 204 

Pulaski  County,  Hudson  in 39 

Pulaski  County  well 106 

Ragland  field  21 

Ragland  Sand  51,  52 

Reservoir  17 

Rockcastle  County, 

Big  Injun  in 

Black  Shale  in 

Corniferous  in  

Niagara  in  

St.  Louis  in 

Well  records  

Rock  Pressure  


47 

34 

36 

37 
29 

106 

23 


Rowan  County, 

Berea  Grit  in 48,  49 

Niagara  in  37 

St.  Louis  in 29 

Well  records  62 

Russell  County, 

Black  shale  in 

Hudson  in  , 

Trenton  in  

Well  records  

Salt  Sand  

Salt  Water  

Section 

In  Bath  County 

Estill  County  

At  Irvine  

In  Lewis  County  ... 

Slickford  Sand  

Southeastern  Kentucky, 

Conglomerate  in  

Corniferous  in  

Trenton  in  


33 

39 

42 

,124, 125 
45 
22 

52 

70 

54 

49 

. 32,56 


26 

35 

41 


230  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Southern  Kentucky, 

Hudson  in  . 39 

Waverly  in  32 

Squaw  Sand  46,  47 

Stray  Sand  32, 56 

Strike  lines  22 

Structure  18,  21 

Sunnybrook  Sand  44,  57 

St.  Louis  Limestone  28 

At  Ashland  29 

In  Bath  County  29 

Boyd  County 30 

Breckenridge  County  30 

Carter  County  29 

Clinton  County  30 

At  Cumberland  Gap  30 

In  Estill  County  29 

Floyd  County  29,  30 

Greenup  County  29 

Hart  County  30 

At  Huntington  . 29 

In  Jackson  County  29 

Lawrence  County  29, 30 

Magoffin  County  29, 30 

Martin  County  29, 30 

Meade  County  30 

Menefee  County  29 

Montgomery  County  29 

Morgan  County  29, 30 

On  Ohio  River 29 

Oil  and  gas  in 30,31 

In  Pike  County  29, 30 

On  Pine  Mountain  29 

In  Powell  County  29 

Rockcastle  County  29 

Rowan  County  29 

Western  Kentucky  . .' 29,30 

Whitley  County  30 

Wolfe  County  29,  30 

Tell  City  well 138 

Transportation 

Of  gas  207 

Of  oil  206 

Trenton  Group  40 

In  Central  Kentucky  41, 43 


INDEX. 


At  Cincinnati  

In  Cumberland  County  . . 
On  Cumberland  River  . . . 

At  Ironton  

Lexington  

Louisville  

Owensboro  

As  Producers  

In  Russell  County  

Section  of  

In  Southeastern  Kentucky 

Thickness  of  

In  Wayne  County  

Trenton  Sands 

Wages  Sand  

Waldron  Shale  

Warfield,  anticline  at 

Warfield  well  

Warren  County, 

Black  Shale  in 

Gas  sands  

Hudson  in  

Waverly  in  

Well  record  

Water  Lime  

Waverly  Group  

Area  of  

In  Barren  County  

Bath  County  

Boyle  County  

Breckenridge  County 

Bullitt  County  

Clinton  County  

Eastern  Kentucky 

Fleming  County  

Garrard  County  

Greenup  County  

Hart  County  

Lewis  County  

Lincoln  County  

Meade  County  

Oil  sands  in 

Outcrop  of  

On  Pine  Mountain  

In  Southern  Kentucky  . . 

Warren  County  

Western  Kentucky  . . . 


231 

PAGE 

41 

43 

42 
41 
41 
41 
41 

44 
42,  43 

40 

41 
40 

42 
58 
46 
37 
21 

21,  31 

34 

32 

39 

32 

131-133 

53 

31 

32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 

, 32,46 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 


232 


INDEX. 


Wayne  County  

Anticlines  in  

Big  Injun  in 

Black  Shale  in 

Clinton  in  

Hudson  in  

Oil  sands 

Trenton  in  

Well  records  

Webster  County  wells. . . , 

Well  records  

Ashland  

Barren  County  

Bath  County  

Bourbon  County 

Boyd  County  

Breathitt  County 
Breckenridge  County 
Burning  Springs 

Caldwell  County  

Campton  

Carroll  County  

Carter  County  

Central  City,  W.  Va.. 

Cincinnati  

Clark  County  

Clinton  County  

Cloverport  

Cumberland  County  . 

Estill  County 

Floyd  County  

Harrison  County 

Hart  County  

Ironton,  Ohio  

Johnson  County 

Knott  County  

Knox  County  

Lawrence  County  — 

Logan  County  

Magoffin  County  . . . 

Martin  County 

Meade  County  

Menefee  County 

Montgomery  County 

Morgan  County  

Oldham  County  

Pike  County  


PAGE 

21 

21 

47 

33,34 

38 

... 39 

13,32,  56 

.........  42 

110,114 

140, 141 

59-203 

.........  29 

126-129 

52,  59-61, 143-151 

40 

76 

71 

136-138 

31 

139 

71 

139 

74,  159-161 

142 

74 

66 

114 

21,136 

114-124 

...58,  69,70,158 
...84-93, 161-179 
..........  140 

134,135 

75 

79,80 

97-102 

.102-105, 182-201 
.........  77-79 

134 

72 

28,  80-84 

50 

...62-65,151-15 6 

65 

72, 159 

140 

...94-97,180-182 


INDEX. 


Portsmouth,  Ohio 
Powell  County 
Pulaski  County  . . 
.Rockcastle  County 

Rowan  County 

Russell  County  . . . 
Tell  City,  Indiana 

Warfield  

W’arren  County  . . 
Wayne  County  . . . 
Webster  County  . 

White  Oak  

Whitley  County  . . 

Wolfe  County  

Western  Kentucky, 

Chester  in  

Conglomerate  in  . 
Corniferous  in 

Hudson  in  

St.  Louis  in 

Waverly  in  

West  Virginia  sands.. 

Whitehouse  oil  

White  Oak  sand 

White  Oak  well 

Whitley  County, 

Big  Injun  in 

Black  Shale  in.., 

Chester  in  

Conglomerate  in  . 

Hudson  in  

Niagara  in  

St.  Louis  in  

Well  records  

White,  Report  by 

Wolfe  County  

Black  Shale  in... 
Caney  Sand  in... 

Clinton  in  

Conglomerate  in  . 

Monocline  in  

Niagara  in  

St.  Louis  in  

Well  records  


233 

PAGE 

75 

. .CG-G9, 156-157 

106 

106 

62 

124,125 

138 

21,31 

131-133 

110-114 

140-141 

58-70 

107-110,  202-203 
71 

27 

27 

36 

39 

29,30 

32 

10,14,15 

46 

58 

70 

47 

34 

27 

26 

39 

37 

30 

,107-110,  202-203 

8, 27 

21 

34 

55 

38,  55 

25 

21 

37 

29,30 

71 


